A Systematic Content Review of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things Applications in Smart Home

Samad Sepasgozar,Farimah Moezzi,Sanee M Ebrahimzadeh,Sara Shirowzhan,Lu Aye,Reyhaneh Karimi,Felix Hui,Leila Farahzadi

doi:10.3390/app10093074

Abstract

This article reviewed the state-of-the-art applications of the Internet of things (IoT) technology applied in homes for making them smart, automated, and digitalized in many respects. The literature presented various applications, systems, or methods and reported the results of using IoT, artificial intelligence (AI), and geographic information system (GIS) at homes. Because the technology has been advancing and users are experiencing IoT boom for smart built environment applications, especially smart homes and smart energy systems, it is necessary to identify the gaps, relation between current methods, and provide a coherent instruction of the whole process of designing smart homes. This article reviewed relevant papers within databases, such as Scopus, including journal papers published in between 2010 and 2019. These papers were then analyzed in terms of bibliography and content to identify more related systems, practices, and contributors. A designed systematic review method was used to identify and select the relevant papers, which were then reviewed for their content by means of coding. The presented systematic critical review focuses on systems developed and technologies used for smart homes. The main question is ”What has been learned from a decade trailing smart system developments in different fields?”. We found that there is a considerable gap in the integration of AI and IoT and the use of geospatial data in smart home development. It was also found that there is a large gap in the literature in terms of limited integrated systems for energy efficiency and aged care system development. This article would enable researchers and professionals to fully understand those gaps in IoT-based environments and suggest ways to fill the gaps while designing smart homes where users have a higher level of thermal comfort while saving energy and greenhouse gas emissions. This article also raised new challenging questions on how IoT and existing developed systems could be improved and be further developed to address other issues of energy saving, which can steer the research direction to full smart systems. This would significantly help to design fully automated assistive systems to improve quality of life and decrease energy consumption.

Highlights

The use of smart technologies, including sensors, actuators, and artificial intelligence (AI), in a home, building, or environment may affect the quality of human life, well-being, productivity, energy-saving, and safety [1,2,3,4,5]
75 articles, which are divided three themes for conducting more detailed content analysis: (a) energy management in smart homes presenting for conducting more detailed content analysis: (a) energy management in smart homes presenting the current smart home practices in terms of energy consumption monitoring andand energy efficiency; the current smart home practices in terms of energy consumption monitoring energy efficiency; (b) applications of AIofinAIsmart homes, suchsuch as machine learning andand deep learning algorithms applied (b) applications in smart homes, as machine learning deep learning algorithms applied in different contexts; and (c) care systems, which are adopted in different communities and can be be in different contexts; and (c) care systems, which are adopted in different communities and can learned fromfrom these practices
Details of the selected papers are presented in tables and figures, which can be useful for scholars to readily identify the gaps in the literature and develop directions for further investigations

Summary

Introduction

The use of smart technologies, including sensors, actuators, and artificial intelligence (AI), in a home, building, or environment may affect the quality of human life, well-being, productivity, energy-saving, and safety [1,2,3,4,5]. The building automation mechanisms and smart home assistive systems can help users to have better quality of life, and, at the same time, their behavior can be analyzed by AI. The behavioral analysis can help the system to predict user needs and optimize the use of devices and resources, including energy. The smart technology helps the user to turn devices on or off, and scholars in various disciplines, such as healthcare or architects, use a variety of sensors and actuators for many purposes. Gomes and Antunes [3]

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