Research on mobile robots began in the late 1960s. Mobile robots are a typical autonomous intelligent system and a hot spot in the high-tech field. They are the intersection of multiple technical disciplines such as computer artificial intelligence, robotics, control theory and electronic technology. The product not only has potentially very attractive application value and commercial value, but the research on it is also a challenge to intelligent technology. The development of mobile robots provides excellent research for various intelligent technologies and solutions. This dissertation aims to study the research of multi-sensor information fusion and intelligent optimization methods and the methods of applying them to mobile robot related technologies, and in-depth study of the construction of mobile robot maps from the perspective of multi-sensor information fusion. And, in order to achieve this function, combined with autonomous exploration and other related theories and algorithms, combined with the Robot Operating System (ROS). This paper proposes the area equalization method, equalization method, fuzzy neural network and other methods to promote the realization of related technologies. At the same time, this paper conducts simulation research based on the SLAM comprehensive experiment of the JNPF-4WD square mobile robot. On this basis, the high precision and high reliability of robot positioning are further realized. The experimental results in this paper show that the maximum error of the X-axis and Y-axis, FastSLAM algorithm is smaller than EKF algorithm, and the improved FASTSALM algorithm error is further reduced compared with the original FastSLAM algorithm, the value is less than 0.1.