Information Communication Technology Infrastructure Research Articles

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF USER INSIGHTS FOR E-HEALTH DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN TURKEY, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA, EGYPT AND UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Implementation of e-health is expected to affect the outcomes of medical services positively, by contributing to the effectiveness and efficiency of overall healthcare ecosystem. This becomes more crucial in developing countries where access, finance, resources and competent professionals in healthcare are limited. This field study assesses healthcare professionals’ insights, for the major challenges of e-health development with a distinctive model and comparative analysis in four emerging countries; Turkey, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Egypt. The research is conducted by user questionnaires and face to face interviews of healthcare professionals. Results indicate that information communication technology infrastructure, regulations, cultural and clinical adaptation of users, financing, supply chain management are some major challenges. Specially trust to e-business in healthcare, compliant use of big data in digital health and patient privacy play a key role for faster development of e-health.

Information Communication Technology Development in Nepal

본 연구는 네팔의 정보 통신 기술의 발전 상황을 발전된 다른 나라와 비교하여 네발의 ICT 발전 방향과 다른 나라들과의 발전 차이를 분석하였다. 또한, 네팔 ICT발전을 위한 각각의 분야별 역할에 대하여 분석하였다. 전체적인 ICT 상황을 살펴보면 네팔은 ICT 기반시설과 서비스에서 선진국은 물론이고 다른 개발도산국보다도 덜 발전하였다. 디지털 격차는 극명하게 네팔에서 나타났다. 본 연구를 위한 네팔의 기초 데이터를 다양한 방법으로 획득하였다. ICT 개발을 할 때, 네트워크 준비성 인덱스, 전자정부 개발 인덱스, GDP에서 ICT의 역할, 등의 많은 요인들이 영향을 미친다.This paper examines the Information Communication Technology (ICT) status of Nepal in comparison with the overall ICT status of the world. The main aim of the study is to analyze the current ICT development trend in Nepal and also find the gap in the sector of ICT between Nepal and different countries of the world. Roles of different sector in the development of ICT in Nepal is examined for the study. The overall ICT status of Nepal shows that the country is lagging behind other developed and developing countries in terms of ICT infrastructure and services. The digital divide can be distinctly identified in Nepal. The study is done on the basis of different data obtained about Nepal from different sources. When focusing on ICT development the main focus is done on the factors like network readiness index, e-government development index, role of ICT on GDP and other factors that could lead to the development of ICT.

DIGITISING UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN GHANA: HOW TECHNOLOGY IS FACILITATING ACCESS TO DIGITAL CONTENT AND SERVICES

The study investigated the extent to which technological advances are affecting the development of digital libraries in universities in Ghana. Using the case study approach, interviews were conducted with university librarians and information technology (IT) officers of three public universities in Ghana. In all, six staff members (i.e., two representatives each from the three libraries at the University of Ghana (UG), the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), and the University of Cape Coast (UCC)) were interviewed. Their views on the available information communications technology (ICT) infrastructure which would enable access to digital content and services, such as online databases, institutional repositories, online public access catalogues (OPACs) and World Wide Web (www) resources, were obtained. The findings revealed that all three universities have the basic ICT infrastructure to enable users to access digital content. However, there was restricted access to the OPAC; lack of visibility of the library website; and inadequate use of Web 2.0 tools in some of the libraries. Therefore, the study recommends the hiring of more multi-skilled librarians who would provide the necessary support for digital resources and services.

Status of Public Libraries in Rawalpindi District, Pakistan

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to assess the status of public libraries located in Rawalpindi District, Pakistan, in terms of administrative setup, collection, staff, resources, and services. The article is derived from evidence obtained through a questionnaire-based survey carried out in December 2013. This survey was conducted for the preparation of “Directory of Public Library Project” a joint venture of Punjab Library Foundation and Department of Library and Information Science, University of the Punjab. The survey found eleven public libraries in the District of Rawalpindi. Only three of these have professional staff. Overall, libraries have poor and outdated book collections that are not properly classified and cataloged. Information Communication Technology infrastructure exists in libraries with some exceptions. Most of the libraries are facing constraints (e.g., low number of hours, too small in size, and too many users for size of collections) that result in inadequate services. Most of the libraries are facing similar problems, which are being faced by other public libraries of Pakistan (e.g., shortage of professional staff, lack of modern facilities, and insufficient funds). Practical recommendations are made at the end of study.

Global Communications Newsletter

The growth rate of information communication technologies (ICT) in developing countries is accelerating. It is both socially and economically desirable to stay abreast of technological developments, and some newer technologies (e.g., wireless communication) have actually allowed developing countries to leap-frog past inadequate infrastructure. However, economic factors have caused the distribution of a new ICT infrastructure to be uneven. In rural areas development is very slow, and a new digital/broadband gap is increasing. The situation is similar to that in the developed world. In early 2009 it was estimated that 30 percent of the rural European population still have no broadband access. Today, there are very limited public data available on the development of the telecommunications infrastructure in urban and rural areas. In this article we present our research on urban-rural technological developments in Serbia. In principle, the research can be generalized to represent the situation in other developing countries.

Effects of Network Infrastructure sharing Challenges on Open Information Communication Technology Infrastructure Sharing among Mobile Service Providers in Kenya

The study sought to investigate the effects of network infrastructure challenges on open ICT infrastructure sharing by Mobile Service Providers in Kenya. Specifically, the study investigated network sharing challenges as the main determinants to open ICT infrastructure sharing by Mobile Service Providers in Kenya. The empirical literature revealed that Open ICT Infrastructure sharing can substantially reduce capital and operational expenditure thereby increasing the speed of network rollouts, improve coverage and help meet the capacity demands of increased data traffic. Other reviews revealed that each sharing environment is different and may have pressures and priorities that change throughout the process of establishing a partnership between two operators with a view to developing a framework for Open ICT infrastructure sharing. Data was collected from employees from Safaricom, Airtel and Orange in order to study the population. A target population of 800 employees from the three Mobile Service Providers in Kenya was considered. Both Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to identify the respondents. A sample size of 86 respondents was used in this study using both structured questionnaires and scheduled interviews. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data collected from respondents in this study. Network service control and Coverage, Network growth and Experience and Resources were identified as the main challenges facing Network sharing by Mobile Service Providers. It is hoped that the results obtained from this study will be beneficial to stakeholders in Mobile Service industry formulate policies that promote ICT Infrastructure sharing with a view to promoting universal access and saving on expenditures.

Determinants of Know Your Customer (KYC) Compliance among Commercial Banks in Kenya

KYC conformity entails the creation of auditable evidence of due diligence activities, in addition to the need for customer identification. There is necessity for financial institutions to validate that their customers are not or have not been involved in illegal activities such as fraud, money laundering or organized crime in order to meet KYC conformity requirements. This study examines factors that determine the level of compliance with KYC requirements by commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically, this study investigates the effect of customer characteristics, staff competency, information communications technology infrastructure and bank size on the level of KYC compliance requirements. The study used descriptive research design. The target population of this study was the top and middle level officers who are directly involved in the day-today operations of the commercial banks. For purposes of this study a descriptive survey design was employed. The target population was 43 commercial banks and 1 mortgage finance firms operating in Kenya. Target respondents comprised of top and middle level involved in the day-to-day institution’s operations. Questionnaire was used as the main data collection instrument. To address the objectives of the study, descriptive and inferential analysis techniques were utilized. Regression analysis was employed to ascertain the relationships between KYC compliance and the four variables of interest in this study. Computations of coefficient of determination indicates that four independent variables that were studied, explain 78.3 percent of the commercial banks compliance level with KYC requirements in Kenya, implying that 21.7 percent could be explained by other factors not examined in this study. Study findings reveal that customer characteristics are a key determinant of KYC compliance, small banks are not capable of meeting KYC compliance cost and that staff attitudes and physical facilities affect customer service and effective KYC procedures compliance. Regression analysis further reveals that there is a significant relationship between the four variables and KYC compliance level. Finally the study recommends that ICT is a useful tool that could be used to enhance compliance with KYC requirements.

Examining availability of ICT tools for use in enhancing teaching and learning in Secondary Schools in Rachuonyo South Sub-County, Homa-bay County, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and Learning in Rachuonyo South District secondary schools. The focus was on three main subject matters: on ICT use and competence, on teacher and student and on ICT infrastructure and teaching practices. The objective of this study was to examine availability of ICT tools for use in enhancing teaching and learning.A descriptive survey design was used. Data from the field was collected through the use of questionnaire and an observation schedule. From the sample area of study, there were 320 students drawn from form four. In addition, 24 teachers, and 8 principals were purposively selected to fill questionnaires designed for them. Reliability of the instruments was addressed through piloting in 5 schools and reliability coefficients were obtained by subjecting the instruments to a Split-half Technique and Spearman “Brown Prophesy formula” .To ensure face and content validity of the research instruments, 2 experts in the department of curriculum studies, faculty of education were requested to scrutinize the research instruments so as to validate them. Data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data was analyzed using likert scale and other qualitative data were analyzed in an ongoing process as themes and sub-themes emerged.The findings further indicated that ICT integration realized some challenges such as availability of sufficient number of ICT tools, lack of motivation and support and lack of technical support. The challenges are either teacher-level (Micro-level), school level (Meso-level) or system level (Macro-level). These barriers have hindered successful implementation of ICT into teaching and learning processes. The study also recommended that teachers should be given sufficient training on how to use ICT tools to enhance teaching and learning in schools. The study also recommended that students should be equipped with ICT skills such as Microsoft software applications such as word, excel and access. Finally, further research on the perception of teachers and students towards the use of ICT in enhancing teaching and learning and relevant strategies for using ICT to improve teaching and learning practices should be conducted.

Dissemination of Information Communication Technologies: Mobile Government Practices in Developing States

Information Communication Technologies (ICT) has offered m-government applications as an intermediate technology to provide effective and efficient government services to the public. Due to high rate of corruptions in developing states, government policies diversified governmental services from offline to virtualized perspective to expose accessibility, transparency, accountability and accessibility through mobile government. Deployment of such ICT tool also exposed a unique opportunity for the recovery of the public confidence against government which has damaged due to corruption activities in country. Virtualization of the government services became compulsory due to high rate of corruption that occurred in the economic context and it became a serious obstacle for economic development of developing states. The virtualized services aimed to harmonize governmental services into mobile platform in order to become more transparent to the public. This research paper comparatively investigates the mobile government services that are located in Malta and Singapore which are classified as developing countries. The criteria of the comparison have done based on demographic structure of the country, M-government policies and ICT infrastructure of the country. The findings of this study exposed the impact of e-government practices and differences between them in terms of applicability and provide a specific point of view for m-government adoption policy.

ICT Policy Outcomes for National Development: The Place of Knowledge Integration and Management in Nigerian Higher Education

The prologues of Information Communication Technology (ICT) usage including its integration and diffusion kicked off a new era in educational processes and has fundamentally changed the conventional methods of teaching and learning in higher education institutions (HEIs) around the world, and have transformed contemporary processes of teaching and learning experiences of both lecturers and students. The debates here are made with reference to (1) the contexts of ICT and knowledge integration (2) the challenges of ICT usage and knowledge integration, and (3) ICT policy outcomes and national development. A qualitative research method was adopted; the use of document and observation were indispensable part of the methods for data gathering. The study found that the lofty hopes, keenness and enthusiasm for ICT and knowledge integration and management are obstructed as the nation is faced with inadequacies in essential ICT infrastructures and services such as telecommunication services, electricity, incompetent ICT personnel, inadequate funding, poor economic situation, poverty, high ICT literacy rate and so on. However, there is an ongoing moves and development to ensure effective ICT knowledge integration and management in education resources in Nigeria and Africa higher education institutions. This novel study recommends that higher education should become expansive, positive and proactive actors in ICT knowledge integration and management in teaching, learning and research for academics, non-academics to foster admirable academic environment aimed at meeting national development. This learned debate has implication for education practitioners, curriculum developers and designers, policy makers, planners and the government.

The Influence of Policy Environment on Growth of Information Communication Technology (ICT) Firms in Nairobi, Kenya

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the country. Its significance can be seen in terms of contribution towards economic growth, employment creation, poverty reduction and development of an industrial base. Kenya is going through a paradigm shift from an industry based economy to a knowledge based economy anchored on ICT. The government has reiterated the development of ICT industry in the country given its strategic importance. These commitments manifest in the various policies and strategies that the government has put in place over time, aimed at the growth and expansion of ICT in the country. Despite the policy and strategy pronouncements, there are various constraints that are currently facing the growth and expansion of ICT in the country especially amongst ICT providers. The Purpose of the study was to establish the factors affecting growth of ICT Firms in Nairobi. The specific objective of the study was; To establish the influence of policy environment on growth of ICT firms in Nairobi. The study involved a case study of ICT firms in Nairobi. The target population constituted ICT service providers located in Nairobi. The study targeted 92 firms out of 304 registered ICT service providers in the CCK database. The sampling frame used was acquired from the CCK directory of licensed ICT providers 2012. Stratified random sampling technique was used based on categories of ICT service providers registered by CCK. Questionnaires were used to collect data from a sample of 92 ICT Firms. The respondents were owner/ managers and selected employees. The study findings indicate that ICT policy environment significantly affects growth of ICT firms negatively or positively. Regarding ICT policy environment; The government has fully liberalized ICT sector in the country, there is effective and fair regulation of the ICT sector in the country, the policy environment is conducive for the growth and expansion ICT in the country, the government has favorable ICT policy to promote growth and expansion of ICT, the government has effectively promoted ICT infrastructure in the country and Government supports capacity building in ICT sector. Despite the existence of a conducive policy environment, there are no sufficient policy incentives to enhance investment in ICT. The study recommends the following regarding Policy Environment; The government should strive to improve the effectiveness of the existing institutions by strengthening the Department of Micro and Small Enterprise Development (DMSED) and MSE Associations, establishing National Council for Small Enterprises and legislating a Micro and Small Enterprises Act. The government should undertake to invest in ICT research centres that nurture innovation and networking of entrepreneurs, streamline licensing procedures and enhance capacity building initiatives in ICT firms especially on emerging technologies and monetization strategies for application developers.

Design of wide‐area damping systems based on the capabilities of the supporting Information Communication Technology infrastructure

The dependence of the functionality of the wide-area monitoring and control (WAMC) systems on the capabilities of their underlying Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure indicates that the parameterisation of the WAMC application algorithm should be coordinated with the design of the supporting ICT system. This study presents a systematic approach to design wide-area damping systems considering phasor measurement unit (PMU) communication delays and data frame losses. The proposed design method is applied to calibrate a wide-area damping system based on generalised predictive control (GPC) for demonstration purposes. In addition, a framework to guide the parameterisation of the GPC- based wide-area damping system is also provided. This research offers a better perspective to predict the capabilities of the underlying ICT infrastructure in the WAMC systems. Moreover, the proposed design method can be generalised to design delay-robust damping systems with compensation limits. Finally, it also offers an opportunity to associate the parameterisation of the damping system with the capabilities of its supporting ICT infrastructure and the reliability of the intended damping control function.

The Role of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Combating Corrupt Business Activities in Nigeria

This study examines the role of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in combating corrupt business activities in Nigeria. The main objective is to investigate how adoption of ICT helps in reducing the menace of corrupt practices in business activities in Nigeria. As part of the methodology, a sample of 200 respondents, representing 70 percent of the population (285) was used for analysis in the study. The analysis was conducted using Descriptive Statistics and chi-square to test the formulated hypotheses which reveal that ICT helps in reducing organizations spending & increased earning, identification of ghost workers and elimination of corrupt practices of following files and cheques, as well as enhancing marketing practice and tracking of financial fraudsters and other fraudulent banking services which significantly helped in achieving greater transparency, accountability and effective management and reduce opportunities for corruption. Some recommendations were made, among the major recommendations is the need for business organizations (public and private) in Nigeria to ensure adequate provision of ICT infrastructure such as access to computers and capacity to connect to the internet globally and the need to ensure massive involvement of local communities in the ICT derive in the country

Leadership Challenges in the Implementation of Ict in Public Secondary Schools, Kenya

Many authors argue that school leadership determines how Information Communication Technology (ICT) isimplemented and its subsequent impact on teaching and learning. This involves Principal as a school leader tolead in implementation. A positive attitude of school leader towards implementation of ICT will encourage theschool community to be actively involved in its implementation.Kenya is in the process of implementing ICT in schools. However, there are many challenges that hindereffective ICT implementation including school leadership challenge. This paper reports that school leader’sinterest, their commitment and championing implementation of ICT programs in schools positively influencesthe whole process. The Paper recommends that all school leaders consider using ICT in their day-to-dayactivities of running their schools. ICT curriculum and managerial skills should be incorporated to training ofschool leaders in Kenya. Implementation of ICT is becoming more important to schools and the success of suchimplementation is often due to presence of effective school leadership.To a large extent, school leaders have been relying on government and development partners to equip schoolswith ICT infrastructure. This Paper recommends besides sensitizing development partners and waiting for theircontributions, school leadership should consider ICT a priority in school and allocate budgets that wouldpromote its implementation. A descriptive survey was used to collect data by administering questionnaires toselected sample of ICT/curriculum teachers, Principals and Board of Governors (BOG) chairpersons from 105public secondary schools in Meru County, Kenya.

Information Communication Technology (ICT) Utilization in Uganda Local Governments; Why Low Uptake?

Governments worldwide are increasingly recognizing the need to facilitate access to public services to their citizens and business through information exchange using Information and Communications Technologies. The study was conducted in Local Governments’ in Uganda where a total of 65 respondents out of a total of 69 representing 94.2% response rate was realised after administering the study instruments over a period of six (6) months. Those Local Governments that had benefitted greatly from the Uganda Governments’ ICT Infrastructure Development Project were purposively selected. Data was analyzed using different statistical techniques which included descriptive statistics mainly mean and standard deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to establish the relationships between variables and Multiple Regression analysis to establish the effect of factors on ICT utilization. At bivariate level, organizational support systems, ICT infrastructure and users’ perceptions had a strong relationship with ICT utilization. Multiple regression analysis revealed that only user perceptions and organizational support had a significant positive effect on ICT utilization. Recommendations are that the Government should formulate and disseminate policies to Local Governments to regulate ICT digital divides, address strategies to change users’ negative perception towards ICT utilisation and offer support to Local Government administrators to enhance ICT utilization. Further research may consider areas such as taking a comparative study to assess views from at least one or two Local Governments in Sub-Saharan Africa preferably in the East African region.

A Study on Information Communication Technology among Engineering College Libraries in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in 32 Engineering College Libraries in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu by investigating the ICT infrastructure, current status of library automation, barriers to implementation of library automation and also librarians’ attitudes towards the use of ICT and the availability of computers in libraries. Data-gathering tools used included questionnaire, observation and informal interview with selected college librarians. It is observed that 31.2% of libraries use only one computer for OPAC and 31.2% of libraries have less than 5 computers for internet access. 37.5% of libraries have 5-10 computer to access e-resources, 31.2% libraries have membership in INFONET.

Towards a More Inclusive Information Society: A Case Study of a Digital Inclusion Initiative in Jalisco, Mexico

With information communication technology (ICT)´s undisputed impact on society, democratic governments are incorporating ICT reforms which attempt to increase democratic participation and improve the overall lives of the most marginalized communities within society. At the 2003 World Summit on an Information Society (WSIS), the Declaration of Principles states “that everyone can benefit from the opportunities that ICTs can offer…all stakeholders should work together to improve access to ICT infrastructure, as well as to information and knowledge.” In 2005, the Tunis Agenda reaffirmed these principles and put forth Action Lines to ensure a roadmap for how these principles will be implemented at state and local levels. In 2011, the UN Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression, Frank LaRue, presented his report to the UN General Assembly, which in the introduction states, “facilitating access to the Internet for all individuals, with as little restriction to online content as possible, should be a priority for all states.” However, a research gap exists between acknowledgement of the benefits of improved access to the Internet and therefore information, and the actual empirical measurement and evaluation of the specific results these digital inclusion projects have in practical implementation. This paper is a chapter of my in-progress doctoral thesis, “Freedom of Expression’s Role in Creating Universal Access to the Global Information Society.” Six years after the WSIS Plan of Action, the project analyses the successes and challenges of the efficacy of digital inclusion initiatives at a local level, especially in achieving access to relevant information in the most marginalized populations of Jalisco, Mexico. The paper will present the results of my doctoral field research, which focused on four primary questions regarding the Digital Agenda project in Jalisco, Mexico (JDA): 1) What information is being accessed by users of local digital community centres? 2) Why is this information being accessed? 3) How has information been used in the daily activities of the users? and 4) What information is not currently being accessed that will be available in the future? In order to answer these questions, three groups of hypotheses were developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the centres in providing community access to relevant information. These hypothetical groupings were: effectiveness in addressing community needs; funding, training and capacity building; and involvement of stakeholders. The paper will discuss the results of the research, first by describing and comparing Mexico’s national digital inclusion initiatives with the JDA and its implementing partners at the macro level, and then presenting results of the field research at the meso and micro levels, providing detailed background profiles of digital centres visited, their users and administrators. It also addresses the substantive results of the study relative to the hypotheses. More broadly, the case study provides a vital link between the legally binding state commitments to access to information (notably the internet) and their implementation on the ground — providing empirical evidence of the extent of implementation of the fundamental right to access.

Technology and education: ICT in Ugandan secondary schools

Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) could, if adopted and implemented appropriately, support learning and teaching in developing countries to provide young people with skills they need to participate effectively in the global economy. However, a significant digital divide still persists between developed and developing countries in terms of both physical resources and the capabilities of teachers to effectively utilize limited ICT resources. A very real challenge for schools is to acquire and effectively utilize ICT given the reality of an environment of scarce and limited resources. This study examines ICT infrastructure and use in 11 secondary schools in Mukono, Uganda using qualitative case study methods including an ICT infrastructure assessment, observations, and interviews. Stratified random sampling was used to identify 7 schools initially; 4 additional schools were also purposefully sampled based on their high levels of ICT. Findings indicate that despite limited resources, schools are investing heavily into ICT. Researchers found that teacher ICT usage at school could be grouped into three categories: administrative (86%), entertainment (45%) and pedagogical (45%). Administrators at some schools reported using ICT primarily to attract students and increase revenue. Implications of this study will assist school administrators to make informed decisions concerning further investment in ICT, efficient use of limited technology resources, and improvement of educational opportunities for students.

E-Commerce in Africa: Challenges and Solutions

Abstract Trade in Africa has the potential to be revolutionized by Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), which have led to the development of e-commerce. These technologies have the capacity to boost intra-country and inter-country trade and subsequently promote economic development in African countries. However, many African States are yet to reap the full benefits of e-commerce, as it has not penetrated the continent to the extent experienced by Western countries. The lack of adequate ICT infrastructure, lack of basic ICT knowledge and threat of cybercrimes has created a significant barrier to the adoption and growth of e-commerce in many African countries. This article analyses the persisting digital divide barriers that have inhibited the penetration of e-commerce in Africa and suggests regulatory solutions to resolving them.

Internet Web Communication Technology (WCT) and Information Communication Technology (ICT) Development and Use for Veterinary Medicine Education in Nigeria (2000 -2009)

Internet web communication technology (WCT) usage in Nigeria has increased tremendously over the last decade. Veterinary education and practices in Nigeria have also profited largely from advances in internetWCT mainly, in last two decade. Veterinary Medicine Electronic Journals such as Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA), African Journal Online (AJOL), and Health Information Network Access toResearch Initiative (HINARI) are available free online. In particular, the(the official email group of the Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association NVMA), the interactive electronic mail communication network for members of the Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association (NVMA), has greatly stimulated Nigerian Veterinarians worldwide to active utilization of Internet WCT. The phenomenal increase in internet usage in education is attributable to massive collaborative support by such funding body asthe MacArthur Foundation, working along other partners in the project “Partnership for Higher Education in Africa (PHEA)". Contrarily, the level of ICT use in Nigerian education system, including veterinary medicine education, is still very low, with an estimated 90% of Nigeria's educational institutions still at the emerging/infancy stage due to low funding, paucity of ICT infrastructure, irregular and low quality power supply and high cost of ownership of ICT facilities including the capital and operational costs. There is a pertinent need to focus research into and actively promote the usage of ICT in enhancing research and education in developing countries, with collaborative funding by International Organizations.