Information And Communication Technology Facilities Research Articles

Institutional and Societal Challenges in the Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Transformation of Senior Secondary Education in Rivers State

The study examined Institutional and Societal Challenges in the Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for transformation of Senior Secondary Education in Rivers State. Three research questions and hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey design was adopted with a population of 6859 teachers and principals in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. The sample of the study was 823 which represents 12% of the entire population. A 4-point Likert scale self-structured questionnaire titled Societal and Institutional Challenges to the Utilization of Information and Technology for Secondary Education Questionnaire (SICUICTQ) was used for the study. The instrument which was made up of 30 items had its face and the content validity determined by three experts from the Department of measurement and evaluations while the reliability of the instrument was estimated to be 0.89 using Cronbach alpha coefficient. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer all research questions while the z test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level significance. A criterion mean of 2.50 was used as the cut-off mean. Any mean greater than 2.50 was regarded as high extent while mean less than 2.50 was low extent. Findings of the study revealed that the availability of ICT facilities in secondary schools was to a low extent, ICT utilization was to a low extent due to lack of training, funding and that funding challenges affect the utilization of ICT for secondary Education Transformation in Rivers State to a high extent. The study recommended amongst others that for the transformation of the secondary educational system, the government and stakeholders of secondary education should provide ICT facilities in schools as well as look into the challenges of utilizing ICT for enhanced utilization of ICT for secondary education transformation.

NARRATIVE REVIEW OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) INTEGRATION IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS’ HOME ECONOMICS INSTRUCTION

This paper explores how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can revolutionize Home Economics education in Nigeria, particularly at secondary schools. ICT integration aligns with national policy goals of introducing students to technology and enhancing professional skills in Home Economics. Students can access a wealth of online resources, improving their knowledge of nutrition, healthy living, and sustainable home management. However, challenges like limited internet access, lack of ICT facilities, and inadequately trained teachers impede progress. Overcoming these hurdles requires collaboration. The government can invest in teacher training and infrastructure development, while schools can explore cost-effective solutions. Partnerships with communities and the private sector can further support ICT resource acquisition. The paper emphasizes the importance of teacher collaboration and localized digital content creation to enhance learning and cultural identity. By addressing challenges and implementing a multi-pronged approach, stakeholders can empower educators to leverage technology. Students equipped with both Home Economics knowledge and digital literacy skills will be prepared for the future, becoming informed consumers, responsible family members, and innovative contributors to society. Ultimately, ICT integration has the potential to transform Home Economics into a dynamic and engaging learning experience, empowering individuals and society to thrive in a technology-driven world

Context-relevant strategies for ICT integration in teaching and learning science subjects in Tanzania secondary schools

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can improve science teaching and learning. However, understanding the contexts in which ICT is intended to be integrated for its effectiveness is limited. Therefore, the current study explored context-relevant strategies and challenges for ICT integration in the teaching and learning science subjects in secondary schools in Tanzania. Exploratory sequential design under mixed methods guided the study's conduct. 52 participants (45 science teachers, six heads of schools and one municipal education officer) were purposefully and conveniently involved. Data were collected in two phases: 1st phase was qualitative data through in-depth interviews, 2nd phase was quantitative data through a questionnaire. Thematic analysis guided qualitative data analysis where MS Excel in the form of pivotal charts were used to present the frequency of the responses. SPSS version 27 guided the quantitative data analysis, presenting the output descriptively. Participants presented various context-relevant strategies, including capacity building for teachers, building and equipping computer labs with ICT facilities, maintaining and repairing defective computers, deploying educational technology experts, and making ICT compulsory at all levels of education. On the other hand, participants identified a lack of ICT facilities, limited ICT training opportunities, and digital content as context-relevant challenges for ICT integration in science teaching and learning. The study recommends rigorous pre-service and in-service teacher training programmes on ICT pedagogical integration for science teaching and learning based on these findings. Again, we recommend the improvement of ICT infrastructure in schools to enhance the availability, access, and use of science teaching and learning. The study concludes that if sufficient infrastructures are available and science teachers are equipped with ICT knowledge, teaching and learning of science subjects will be effective.

An Analysis of the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND) Contribution to the Improvement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Facilities and The Library in Higher Institutions in Kebbi State, Nigeria from 2015 To 2020

This study is on Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) contribution to the improvement of Library and ICT facilities in higher institutions in Kebbi State, Nigeria from 2015 to 2020. The study was guided by two research objectives and two research questions. The study adopted descriptive survey research design with population of 1900 academic staff and 2323 non-academic staff. A sample of 161 academic staff and 196 non-academic staff was selected using multi-stage sampling methods. A researcher developed validated questionnaire with 0.76 reliability index was used for data collection. Frequency count and percentage were used to analyze the data. The study found that TETFund constructed and renovated of ICT centres, provided personal computers, chairs, tables and internet facilities in Kebbi State higher institutions. It was also that TETFund contributed in the construction and renovation of library buildings; provision of books, library equipment and furniture, information resources; and subscription of e-resources for the improvement of Kebbi State higher institutions. The study recommended that TETFund should increase its allocation for ICT support intervention. This becomes even more crucial given the consistent increase in the exchange rate of dollars, as most of the ICT facilities are imported into the country. This will greatly aid in the improvement of higher institutions in Kebbi State. It was also recommended that university management should judiciously utilize the TETFund's Library interventions to build new libraries, expand the existing ones, and acquire standby generators and/or solar energy for better library performance in Kebbi State higher institutions.

Efficiency of palm kernel marketing in Southeast Nigeria: the intervening role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

The increasing trend in the use of ICT in agricultural marketing and the dearth of information on its use among palm kernel marketers in the southeast Nigeria informed this study. Thus the study investigated the intervening role of ICT on the efficiency of palm kernel marketing in southeast Nigeria. Data for this study were collected from 180 palm kernel marketers from 30 markets of 3 randomly selected states of southeast Nigeria using a multistage sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Gini coefficient technique and marketing efficiency model. The result on ICT facilities available for marketing of palm kernel showed that majority of the palm kernel marketers in Abia (65.00%), Imo (68.33%) and Anambra (86.67%) states used social media marketing platform in the marketing of palm kernel in the study area. The findings on the market structure for palm kernel in the study area showed a Gini coefficient value of 0.670 indicating high inefficiency in the market structure. In addition, the result on marketing efficiency level of palm kernel marketers in the area revealed a marketing efficiency level of 78.88% indicating higher operational inefficiency. Evidence from the study shows that palm kernel market in the region is characterized by imperfect competition and the marketers conducted their marketing activities inefficiently. it was recommended that state government in the region and other stakeholders should encourage ICT utilization in palm kernel marketing through training on the requisite skills, credit facilities be made available to youths in the region to encourage them into palm kernel marketing training on best practices in marketing palm kernel be put in place by state government in the southeast region and other stakeholders in the palm kernel industry.

Applicability and Effectiveness of UTAUT Model in Teaching and Learning Economics at FCT College of Education, Zuba, Abuja.

The integration of technology into education is increasingly crucial for preparing students for the demands of the 21st century. This study investigates the adoption and use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching economics and social science courses at the FCT College of Education, Zuba, Abuja, utilizing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model as a theoretical framework. Through a mixed-methods approach including surveys and analysis of demographic data, the study examines various factors influencing technology adoption and usage behaviour among lecturers and students. Findings indicate that while ICT facilities are perceived as beneficial and easy to use, there is a need for enhanced technical support and assistance availability. The study underscores the importance of fostering a supportive environment for technology integration and recommends strategies to improve ICT adoption and utilization in educational settings.

Profitability of Palm Kernel Marketing in Southeast Nigeria: The Intervening Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

The actual impact of ICT facilities on the profitability of palm Kernel marketing remains inadequately understood. Thus, this study investigated the intervening role of ICT on the profitability of palm kernel marketing in Southeast Nigeria. Data for this study were collected from 360 palm oil marketers from 30 markets of three randomly selected states of Southeast Nigeria using multistage sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary techniques. The result on ICT facilities available for marketing of palm kernel revealed that majority of the palm kernel marketers in Abia (65%), Imo (68.3%) and Anambra (86.6%) used social media marketing platform in the marketing of palm kernel in the study area. The findings on the cost and return in the use of ICT in the marketing of palm kernel revealed that the labour constituted the highest percentage (18.10%) of the total variable. Cost of palm kernel marketing in the study area followed by cost of purchases (18.04%), cost of transportation (13.63%) and the least, cost of packaging (2.59%). The return on investment (ROI) realized by the marketers of palm kernel using ICT to aid the business was ₦0.27 implying that for every ₦1 invested in palm kernel marketing in Southeast, a return of ₦0.27 was realized. Evidence from the findings shows that palm kernel marketing with the use of ICT facilities is a profitable enterprise in Southeast Nigeria. It was recommended that marketers awareness on how usage of ICT facilities could improve their marketing returns should be intensified through enlightens campagna and that marketers utilization of ICT facilities for marketing palm kernel should be intensified through training to acquire requisite skills in using these facilities.

Assessment of Level of Digital Literacy among Science Teachers at the Junior Secondary Schools in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

The study assessed the level of digital literacy among science teachers at the Junior Secondary School in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey design with a structured questionnaire administered to 200 Basic Science and Mathematics teachers in Ibadan Metropolis. The result: 164 (82%) respondents had < 5 computers with digital tools, while 36 (18%) had > 5 computers with digital tools; science teachers possess basic digital literacy skills with the highest internet usage (=3.445 and SD = 0.573); and the lowest in basic repairs and maintenance of computers (= 1.375 and SD = 0.562). Total average in all items: = 2.961; and SD = 0.856. Science teachers’ utilisation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills was moderate (2.72), and the level of ICT competencies possessed by science teachers was high (= 3.137). These findings underscore the need for equitable distribution of ICT facilities, coupled with a call for continuous professional development programmes among science educators to ensure adept utilisation of these resources.

ANALYSIS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

The study analyzed the training needs of extension agents on information and communication technologies (ICTs) in Kaduna State Agricultural Development Programme (KADP), Nigeria. Seventy-five extension agents were randomly selected for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean and multinomial regression. The results revealed that the majority of the extension agents had a great need for training in the use of ICT facilities such as multimedia (85%), remote sensing equipment (83.3), internet (83.3%), video camera (81.7%), audio recorder/player (76.7%), computer (73.3%) and audio-visual aids (66.7%). majority (83%) of the respondents had participated in one extension programme or the other while 20 % of the extension agents have never participated into any agricultural extension programme. Factors that influence the training needs of extension agents included training (-0.349 and 0.312), education level (-0.322 and 0.205), job experience (0.142) and age (-0.528) of the extension agents. The major constraints associated with the use of ICT tools by extension agents include lack of skills and knowledge, poor finance, the problem of internet coverage and connectivity, high cost of ICT tools, poor power supply and unavailability of ICT tools. The establishment of ICT units equipped with modern ICT facilities for extension services in all the KADA zones should be carried out. Training courses on the application ICT facilities in extension services should be planned and conducted for all extension agents in KADP for effective extension service delivery.

ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING NEEDS AMONG AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AGENTS ON INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN KADUNA STATE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, NIGERIA

The study analyzed the training needs of extension agents on information and communication technologies (ICTs) in Kaduna State Agricultural Development Programme (KADP), Nigeria. Seventy-five extension agents were randomly selected for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean and multinomial regression. The results revealed that the majority of the extension agents had a great need for training in the use of ICT facilities such as multimedia (85%), remote sensing equipment (83.3), internet (83.3%), video camera (81.7%), audio recorder/player (76.7%), computer (73.3%) and audio-visual aids (66.7%). majority (83%) of the respondents had participated in one extension programme or the other while 20 % of the extension agents have never participated into any agricultural extension programme. Factors that influence the training needs of extension agents included training (-0.349 and 0.312), education level (-0.322 and 0.205), job experience (0.142) and age (-0.528) of the extension agents. The major constraints associated with the use of ICT tools by extension agents include lack of skills and knowledge, poor finance, the problem of internet coverage and connectivity, high cost of ICT tools, poor power supply and unavailability of ICT tools. The establishment of ICT units equipped with modern ICT facilities for extension services in all the KADA zones should be carried out. Training courses on the application ICT facilities in extension services should be planned and conducted for all extension agents in KADP for effective extension service delivery.

Teachers’ Utilization of Computer and Internet facilities for Effective Service Delivery in Secondary Schools in Calabar Education Zone; Cross River State, Nigeria

Aim: The main aim of this study is to examine teachers’ utilization of computer and internet facilities on effective service delivery in secondary schools in Calabar Education Zone.
 Study Design: The research design adopted for this study is a survey design to discover schools with the needed Information and Communication Technology (ICT) facilities and to seek the opinion of the respondent on utilization of computer and internet facilities for effective service delivery in government secondary schools.
 Area of the Study: This study was carried out in Calabar educational zone. The zone under research has seven (7) Local Government Area namely; Calabar south, Akpabuyo, Municipality, Akamkpa, Bakassi, Odukpani and Biase. The zone has eighty-one (81) secondary schools. The geographical locations of the study area are described as follows. The area share common boundary with Akwa Ibom State with the latitude of 5°4'52.46"N and a longitude of 8°20'59.7"E, Cameroon with latitude 4° 5' and 5° 40' and longitude 8° 25' and 8° 32 East. It lies within the vegetation belt of southern Nigeria and shares the Atlantic coastline with Bakassi to the East and the Republic of Cameroon to the West. Central Senatorial district of Cross River State with latitude of 5019’8.32”N and a longitude of 8020’59.7”E and Guinea the peninsula lies between latitudes 4°25′ and 5°10′N and longitudes 8°20′ and 9°08′E. It consists of a number of low-lying, largely mangrove covered islands covering an area of 665 km² (257 sq mi). 
 Methodology: the instrument used in this study to enable data collection is ‘Teachers’ utilization of computer and internet facilities for effective service delivery questionnaire (TUCIFESDQ)’. The population of 1,796 teachers and the sample of 914 teachers out of the population are drawn for the study. 50 percent of the teachers in each of the schools in the zone with the expected ICT facilities were selected using simple random sampling for the study making a total of 914 teaching staff. Out of 914 copies of questionnaire distributed only 879 copies were return and used for the data analysis. Simple percentages, bar graph and One – way analysis of variance is used for the data analysis.
 Results: The result shows that there is a significant influence of teachers’ utilization of computer and internet facilities on service delivery in secondary school. This implies that 51.39% and 17.69% of teachers’ level of utilization of computers and internet in lesson delivery is low.
 Conclusion: Giving the outcome of this study, it is therefore concluded that utilization of ICT facilities such as; computers and internet will improve teachers’ effectiveness on service delivery and prepare students for a role in an information age.

Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) On The Economy of Jigawa State

In recent years, progress in information and communication technology (ICT) has caused many structural changes such as reorganization of economy, globalization, and trade extension, which leads to capital flows and enhancing information availability. Moreover, ICT plays a significant role in development of each economic sector, especially during liberalization process. Growth economists predict that economic growth is driven by investments in ICT. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as the world-wide application of mobile phones and internet etc. have contributed substantially to the fast-growing world economy in unprecedented ways. The objectives of this study was to identify and determine the role that ICT played/playing in improving the economic growth and development of Jigawa state, also factors limiting the use of ICT in most of the key areas that support economy are identified. A questionnaire survey was administered manually to 184 sampled respondents. Descriptive statistic were used in analyzing the data and testing of hypothesis among different classes of the respondents. The result showed that everyday more people are getting involved in using ICT technology, these tells that ICT brings positive change in diversifying the Jigawa state economy. The implications of these results are that most people of Jigawa state are doing farming as their occupation and have a disperse settlement, because of these, they requires maximum support from either government or private organizations to provide them with ICT facilities, orient the people on the use of ICT and the possible ways to use it for self-entrepreneurship program in order to boost the economy.

Settling Digital Divide on Students of Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki-Nigeria

The study on the implications of digital divide on Students of Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, was carried out to determine the level of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) knowledge and access among the students in the system. Previous studies carried out in the developed nations such as United States of American, United Kingdom, and Canada and alike had shown that innovative use of ICT facilities has the potentials to effect students teaching/learning. However, literature search of similar studies in the developing nations of the world seems scanty. In order to have a good foundation upon which the study rests, technological determinism theory as propounded by Lievrouw and Livingstone (2006) was adopted. The major interest of the theory is to elucidate the irresistible power of ICT to propel human actions socially and economically for development. Flowing from the assumption of the theory and its focus, the implication of digital divide on students in Nigerian University emerged. The study adopted content analysis approach and reviewing of extent literature. Consequently, the study recommended repositioning the online teaching/learning among students of Ebonyi State University should be made a priority to increase ICT knowledge and access

Effectiveness of Information Communication Technology on Education in Kenyan Universities

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been growing faster and having influence in society and daily life. It has been a vital instrument in giving higher education to the people. Integration of ICT assisted lectures to the global requirement to replace traditional lecturing methods with a technology-based lecturing and learning tools and facilities. ICT has a major role in giving access to information. Its application and having skills, knowledge and expertise was very critical. In the 21st century, the issue of ICT has made the level of education escalate in our Kenyan Universities. ICT has been considered as one of the main elements in transforming the country to the future development. Educational Sustainable development was the development that met the education needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations. As examples of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there was need to improve education status within our country. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ICT in universities of Kenya. The study was grounded on Constructivist learning theory. The researcher adopted a mixed methodology approach to carry out the study, since it had both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Concurrent triangulation design was used. The study was carried out in Nairobi County. The researcher used a questionnaire and an interview schedule to collect views on the effectiveness of ICT on education in universities of Kenya. Secondary data were obtained from books, journals, published and unpublished reports from education centres, libraries, and web-based materials. The collected qualitative data were organized into themes and contents. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the quantitative data obtained. That specifically mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistical analysis of correlation to test the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. The study justified that there was an important positive association between all the measures of ICT and education in universities of Kenya. The results showed that ICT had impact on lecturers and the students. Findings further indicated that lecturers used ICT tools and facilities to lecture. The university management to provide resources to train lecturers on ICT matters

Information and communications technology (ICT) and academic excellence at the Federal University Wukari, Taraba State

There is a global realization of the importance of technology in driving modernization, change, and development. The adoption of technology, particularly information communication telecommunication (ICT) has permeated almost every sphere of modern society, including the educational sector. While some universities in Nigeria have made inroads in the deployment and adoption of ICT for teaching and learning, others are lagging. However, efforts at the deployment and adoption of ICT and digitizing its operations in teaching and learning seem to be at an appreciable level at the Federal University Wukari, Taraba State. Hence, this study assesses the impact of ICT on achieving academic excellence at the Federal University, Wukari, Taraba State. Specifically, the study examines the appreciation of the use of technology by both staff and students, its availability and impact on qualitative teaching and learning and the academic performance of students in the university. The study used both qualitative and quantitative data collected from the institution. The quantitative data were presented and analyzed in tables, frequency counts and percentages. The Chi-Square (X2) was adopted to statistically test the postulated hypotheses. The quantitative data were explained in the content. The study revealed that the adoption of ICT in the process of teaching and learning has enhanced academic excellence at Federal University Wukari. The paper recommends amongst others that the school should partner with ICT companies to provide ICT facilities like Computers, and projectors among others, to the staff and students at a subsidized rate. The cost should be infused into the tuition fees of the students and deducted from the salaries of the staff on an installment basis. Also, the required facilities, especially, power, that will enhance the use of these ICT in the University should be provided by the university management.

Teachers’ Readiness for Information and Communication Technology in Teaching of Biology in Secondary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This study investigates the readiness of teachers for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration in the teaching of Biology in secondary schools within Emure Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The research aims to assess students' performance in Biology, examine the availability and utilization of ICT for teaching Biology, and explore the potential influence of ICT on students' performance. A descriptive survey design was employed, with data collected from 10 Biology teachers and 90 students across five secondary schools in Emure-Ekiti. The research instruments, Information and Technology Equipment Checklist (ITEC) and Biology Performance Inventory (BPI), were used to gather data on ICT availability, utilization, and students' performance in Biology. The study revealed a low level of availability and utilization of ICT facilities in the sampled schools. However, the level of students' performance in Biology was found to be moderate. The findings suggest that the availability and extent of ICT utilization have a significant impact on students' performance in Biology. Recommendations include government intervention to provide ICT facilities in secondary schools, enforcement of ICT utilization through inspectorate departments, and active engagement of Biology teachers in incorporating ICT tools in their teaching methods.

Implementation of Sustainable Development Policies in the Environmental Sector Based on e-Governance in Riau Province

This study aims to analyze the application of e-governance in supporting the implementation of environmentally sustainable development policies in Riau Province and the factors that influence it. The research used descriptive qualitative methods using primary data collected through focus group discussions and secondary data collected through documentation techniques. The results of the study found that the Local Government of Riau Province has consistently and continuously implemented environmentally sustainable development through the Riau Hijau program. Egovernance has been well implemented in implementing Riau Hijau by collaboration between the government, the private sectors, and the civil society to succeed Riau Hijau supported using information and communication technology (ICT). The supporting factors for the application of e-governance in supporting the implementation of environmental sustainable development policies in Riau Province were: the local government’s high commitment and consistency; the existence of supporting policies both macro and micro that are clear, sustainable, and systematic; policy implementers really understand the details of Riau Hijau; Riau Hijau has clear and measurable target groups and benefits; Riau Hijau is operationalized in various concrete and systematic projects and activities; Riau Hijau is supported by adequate financial resources and infrastructures; and Riau Hijau is supported by various local agencies. The inhibiting factors were that not all the relevant stakeholders make optimal use of the existing ICT facilities; there are inadequate ICT facilities and infrastructures in some areas in Riau Province; and problems in environmental issues. Based on these findings, this study recommends optimizing the use of ICT for all Riau Hijau stakeholders, and there needs to be an increase and equity of ICT facilities and infrastructures.
 Keywords: sustainable development, environment, Riau Hijau, e-governance

The ICT strategy of Italian museums: institutional, supply and demand side drivers

ABSTRACT It is common wisdom that the diffusion of information and communication technology (ICT) in cultural institutions can influence their mission and activities, reshaping their role as producers and distributors of cultural content. Nevertheless, the extent of ICT facilities in European museums has been rather scarce, although recently it has grown faster in response to the new challenges brought up by the COVID-19 crisis. This paper aims at exploring the drivers of the ICT strategy adopted by museums and similar institutions (in terms of both in situ and online services), considering not only supply-side but also demand-side characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, such an issue has not been investigated so far in a systematic way. We use a novel dataset based on three waves (2011, 2015, 2018) of a census survey carried out by the Italian National Statistical Office on all the cultural institutes spread over the Italian territory. Results show that supply-side, demand-side and contextual factors are significantly associated with the use of ICT by museums and similar institutions. Interestingly, we find that the relationship between demand features and museums’ digital strategy is closely related to the type of services and to the presence of financial incentives.

Teachers’ Effectiveness on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Utilization in Secondary Schools: Calabar Education Zone

There are problems with teachers’ effectiveness as a result of improper utilization of ICT facilities in teaching and learning process. This research is to examine teachers’ effectiveness on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities in secondary schools, Calabar education zone. Specifically, this research sought to find the influence of overhead projector and digital versatile disk facilities on teachers’ effectiveness in government secondary schools. Related literature and some empirical studies were reviewed. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated which guided this research work. Four Likert rating scales made up of 16 structured questionnaire items used in generating data for the study, while the instrument was face validated by three experts. The population of 1,831 respondents with the sample size of 886 teachers and a survey design technique were employed. Data collected was analyzed using the simple percentages and bar charts for the research questions and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses formulated. The finding revealed that overhead1 projectors and digital versatile disk families were found fairly utilized in teaching and learning process and they significantly influences teachers’ effectiveness in secondary schools. It is recommended that digital versatile disk should be made available in government secondary schools and overhead projectors should be installed. Also, teachers and students should be trained on the use of the ICT facilities in order to use them for teachers' effectiveness.

Maintenance and Support System for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Resources

The lack of technical support and maintenance impedes to the utilization of ICT resources in schools. As part of the government’s commitment to achieve the goals embedded in the country’s vision 2020, a number of schools have been beneficiaries of ICT facilities like computers, printers, laptops, LCD projectors, and speakers through the Department of Education Computerization Program (DCP). This descriptive-correlational research study assesses the status of the maintenance and support system of ICT resources in public elementary schools in the District of San Jose, Northern Samar, Philippines. Results revealed that school heads, ICT coordinators, and teachers were least satisfied of ICT maintenance procedure. In the same manner that the school heads, ICT coordinators and teachers support system were moderately satisfactory. There were significant differences in the maintenance procedures among the respondents particularly in replacing or repairing the faulty components and upgrading hardware and software. This concludes varied ways in which the respondents respond to the maintenance of faulty components and upgrading the hardware and software. Furthermore, difference on the technical support workload and technology integration among the three groups of respondents appeared to vary in terms of support system. The finding singles out the varied compliance of the respondents in technical support and technology integration.