Information And Communication Technology Equipment Research Articles

Understanding the energy consumption of information and communications equipment: A case study of schools in Taiwan

Information and communications technology (ICT) equipment is often used to help conserve energy, but such equipment also requires energy to operate. This study investigated the energy consumption of ICT in 28 secondary schools (SSs) and 98 elementary schools (ESs) in Taiwan. The average annual energy consumption of ICT equipment is 28,162 kWh and 20,888 kWh per SS and ES, respectively; per unit floor area, this is estimated to be 60.5 and 27.5 Wh/m2/year, respectively. ICT accounted for 7.3%–7.7% of the total energy consumption of each school. Projection, computer, and network equipment together account for more than 90% of the total electricity consumed by ICT equipment. The total energy consumption of ICT equipment is positively correlated with school type and size. The study established three multiple regression models to investigate the total energy consumption of ICT equipment per school, per class, and per student, and the models all exhibited statistical significance. The energy consumption is highly correlated with usage time and power dissipation. Equipment procurement and energy consumption management play key roles in the energy conservation. This study may serve as references for school administrators evaluating energy conservation effectiveness.

Impacts of Digital Technologies for the Provision of Energy Market Services on the Safety of Residents and Consumers

Our paper tackles the topic of the digital technologies (represented by the information and communication technologies (ICT)) and the sustainable transformation and energy safety in households represented by the smart homes and the traditional households using smart appliances, gadgets, as well as smart meters connected to the Internet. The rapid growth and adoption of information and communication technologies, such as computers, mobile devices, sensors, and networks, can seriously affect the ways and amounts of energy used by society on its path toward sustainable development. There is a growing interest in characterizing the net energy impact of ICT as well as the Internet of Things (IoT) that arises from indirect effects that offset (or amplify) the energy directly consumed by ICT equipment. However, the society might need some time to build the trust in these new digital technologies and develop the wide social acceptance for their usage. In order to test these assumptions, we employ an empirical econometric model based on the data obtained from the online survey carried out with the randomly selected respondents (N = 523) from Russian Federation and the four European Union (EU) countries (Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, and Slovakia). Even with regard to the small size of the sample and thence the limitations stemming from that fact, our results demonstrate that familiarity with smart home technologies and the possibility to alter the tariffs and use flexible energy demand increase the safety of residents and consumers. In addition, it appears that energy efficiency is being rewarded, as energy consumption is sensitive to time constraints on supply. Furthermore, we find that respondents’ age (43% of the respondents belonged to the 36–55 age group), positive attitude to smart home technologies and the possibility to exploit the flexibility of demand offered by the variety of energy tariffs during and off-peaks all yield quite strong and positive relationships and correlations with the willingness to accept the smart home technology and the flexibility of demand. At the same time, concerns over personal security or sharing personal data related to energy consumption do not constitute major concerns for the respondents. Our results have some important impacts on the overall strategy for pursuing sustainable economic development and following the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that might be useful for stakeholders and policymakers as well as for the researchers in this field.

Data characteristics aware prediction model for power consumption of data center servers

SummaryDue to the rapid increase in the number and scale of data centers, the information and communication technology (ICT) equipment in data centers consumes an enormous amount of power. A power prediction model is therefore essential for decision‐making optimization and power management of ICT equipment. However, it is difficult to predict the power consumption of data centers accurately due to the complex power patterns and nonlinear interdependencies among components. Existing methods either rely on standard formulas, or simply treat it as time series, both leading to poor power prediction accuracy. To overcome those limitations, in this article, we present a systematic power prediction framework called characteristic aware attention‐augmented deep learning‐based prediction method. In particular, we first analyze the different power consumption series to illustrate their different temporal characteristics. Second, we perform different data processing for the corresponding characteristics of power series samples. Third, we propose an accurate and efficient neural network model to predict future power consumption with the pretreated data. The experimental results show that the proposed model is able to achieve superior prediction accuracy.

Educational Effect of “Measurement of Light Spectrum” by Using a Tablet Device

The possibility of using tablet devices is increasing as ICT (Information and Communication Technology) equipment. Tablet devices can also enhance a learning effect on students. For this reason, we introduced an experiment named “Measurement of Light Spectrum” in “Experiments in Physics” at Kagoshima KOSEN. The new experiment requires tablet devices and enables the students to understand the light spectrum. They operate a spectrophotometer with tablet devices and measure light spectrum of various light sources. They find characteristics of the light spectrums while viewing and operating tablet devices. Our follow-up survey after the experiment showed that most of the students were satisfied with the experiment. We also confirmed that it can increase the level of students’ understanding of the light spectrum.

TECHNOLOGY ENHANCED LEARNING IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ACCOUNTING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SOUTH AFRICA

Educators and students’ expectations have developed gradually in era of the last decade about how to teach, where to teach, and when to teach and study. Literature has revealed that traditional teaching methods are not the good approach to promote learning, to improve teaching, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been introduced to enhance the way the teaching process is undertaken. This study assesses the role of technological enhanced learning in the teaching and learning of Accounting in secondary schools of the Oliver Reginald (OR) Tambo Inland District in South Africa. The literature review contextualises the role of technological enhanced teaching and learning in education. The study employed a mixed method approach guided by both case study and survey designs. Simple random sampling techniques was used to select one hundred and eighteen (118) accounting learners from six secondary schools while purposive sampling techniques were used to select twenty-four (24) Accounting teachers and six (6) principals from the same six secondary schools. Data were collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews and the responses to the questionnaire. Qualitative data were analysed thematically while quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and with the assistance of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings of the study revealed that the following: (i) Technology enhanced teaching and learning improves academic performance of students in Accounting, (ii) some of the Accounting educators have inadequate knowledge in enhanced technology teaching and learning, (iii) educators have positive attitudes towards enhanced technology teaching. In addition, the study highlights some challenges experienced when using the enhancement of technology teaching and learning in Accounting which include: (i) inadequate computer facilities and resources, (ii) lack of funds and trained ICT staff, (iii) the lack of support from the Department of Education, (iv) lack of internet facilities and the high cost of internet connectivity. Therefore, the study, recommends that schools, in conjunction with the Department of Education and Non-Governmental Organisations, must instil in educators and learners the culture of enhanced technology teaching and learning in accounting and raise funds for the purchase and installation of ICT equipment with internet connectivity in all secondary schools of the OR Tambo Inland District.

Elderly Forgotten? Digital Exclusion in the Information Age and the Rising Grey Digital Divide.

Background: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is being spread at an unprecedented rate across the globe. Yet, new research suggests that digital divide is not only continuing but also deepening at the same time. After access to basic ICT equipment, it is now the lack of skills and quality of hardware and software that leads to a continuing digital divide. Digital divide which is specifically related to elderly is known as grey digital divide. Objectives: The focus of this paper is to review and analyze recent relevant research on grey digital divide which is fast emerging as a major challenge in the era of ageing. A side objective is to raise implications for theory and practice discourses to minimize grey digital divide. Method: Literature on digital divide and grey digital divide is reviewed to gather relevant knowledge on the grey digital divide. The articles were filtered according to the relevance for grey digital divide in the present age. Literature review spanned over a 5 years’ timeline to discuss the current trends on the topic. Results: Results indicate a rising problem of ageing, mainly in developed countries. Grey digital divide constitutes a major challenge for elderly to participate and benefit from the digital revolution. Elderly face problems for basic tasks such as booking tickets or renewing bus cards to claiming old-age benefits because most of the systems are digitized. Another challenge is the social exclusion faced by elderly because they cannot connect with peers through digital networks due to lack of digital skills. This situation is also observed in developing countries, although in developing countries elderly get immediate help from family members due to the family system of joint living. Implications and future directions: A practical implication of this research can be a full-scale fieldwork in different countries of the world to further understand the grey digital divide. Joint collaboration between ICT and healthcare industry may result in revolutionizing of ergonomic ICT products and services which are elderly-friendly. It would be interesting to know how culture impacts grey digital divide across various countries.

Impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on student’s learning: a case from university of the Punjab, Pakistan

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on student’s learning primarily concentrating on the following factors: including availability, accessibility and user-ability of using ICT resources. This investigation will highlight the role of ICT in the pedagogical activities of students, especially in their learning.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was designed to comprehend the questions related to the objectives and a sample of 275 students through convenience sampling technique was selected that was enrolled in various degree programs of the University of the Punjab, Pakistan. Primarily the descriptive analysis was made and data were presented in tabulated form. However, for inferential analysis, the Pearson correlation test was applied to determine the relationship among the dependent and independent variables including (availability, accessibility user-ability and student’s learning) and to test the hypotheses of the study.FindingsThe findings disclose that students at the University of the Punjab have access to various kinds of ICT applications and resources. Moreover, they have an adequate number of ICT equipment available for their use and they are familiar with various kinds of ICT applications and resources which they use in various educational tasks during their studies. A strong positive linear correlation exists between availability, accessibility and user-ability of using ICT resources and the student’s educational learning. This confirms that ICT plays a significant role in the student’s educational accomplishments. It helps students in searching, retrieving and consulting various types of information sources. It also helps them in completing their educational tasks in a quick manner. Students at all levels also see it as a matter of great importance to acquire ICT-related skills as this can help them to be more productive in their educational accomplishments.Originality/valueThis study concludes that availability, accessibility, adequacy and user ability to use the ICT resources positively impact students learning. Therefore, it is highly recommended for students to learn ICT-related skills and to make the best use of the different communication technologies in their pedagogical activities. Moreover, if academic institutions in Pakistan give more emphasis on developing ICT-based infrastructure and ICT skilled manpower then this can also bring fruitful results in the learning process of student’s educational endeavors.

How ICT can contribute to realize a sustainable society in the future: a CGE approach

Many information and communications technology (ICT) services have become commonplace worldwide and are certain to continue to spread faster than before, particularly along with the commercialization of 5G and movement restrictions in response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Although there is a concern that ICT equipment usage may increase power consumption and emit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, ICT has also been contributing to reducing GHG emissions through improved productivity and reduced mobility. This research targeted the main ICT services used in Japan and adopted a dynamic national computable general equilibrium model to quantitatively analyze future impacts on economic growth and GHG emission reduction until 2030 by using these ICTs, while considering both the increase in power consumption of ICT itself and the reduction in environmental load in other sectors. The results showed that the spread of ICT services, especially some artificial intelligence-based services, can improve productivity in most sectors through labor-saving and contribute to improving overall gross domestic product (GDP). Additionally, increased efficiency of logistics and manufacturing can greatly reduce the input of oil and coal products and so greatly contribute to GHG emission reduction. In 2030, compared with the baseline scenario in which all technology levels are fixed at current levels, at least 1% additional GDP growth and 4% GHG emission reduction can be expected by the targeted introduction of ICT in the ICT accelerated scenario in which the technology level of ICT accelerates. This also means ICT can potentially decouple the economy from the environment.

Efficient Energy Management in Networking

In the last couple of decades, we have witnessed major technological changes that have transformed the way we live, work, and interact with one another. One of the major technology facilitator in charge of for this remarkable transformation in our global society is the deployment and use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment. In fact, today with the current pandemic going on ICT has become highly integrated in our society that includes the dependence on ICT of various sectors, such as business, transportation, education, and the economy to the point that we now almost completely depend on it. In the last few years, the energy consumption resulting from the usage of ICT equipment and its impact on the environment have resulted in a lot of interests among researchers, designers, manufacturers, policy makers, and educators. Hence energy efficiency has become important bar that is being increasingly used to evaluate energy consumption of devices, hardware and various networking architectures, systems, and communication protocols. I will cover the same and present some of the motivations driving the need for energy-efficient communications in this paper. There have been a lot of approaches to minimize energy consumption by communication devices, protocols, networks, end-user systems, and data centers and I will describe and discuss some of the recent techniques and solutions that have been proposed to minimize energy consumption, also look to the future of networking from a new angle, where energy efficiency and environmental concerns are viewed as fundamental design criteria and forces that need to be harnessed to continually create more powerful networking equipment.

Strategies for Improving the Sustainability of Data Centers via Energy Mix, Energy Conservation, and Circular Energy

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are increasingly permeating our daily life and we ever more commit our data to the cloud. Events like the COVID-19 pandemic put an exceptional burden upon ICT. This involves increasing implementation and use of data centers, which increased energy use and environmental impact. The scope of this work is to summarize the present situation on data centers as to environmental impact and opportunities for improvement. First, we introduce the topic, presenting estimated energy use and emissions. Then, we review proposed strategies for energy efficiency and conservation in data centers. Energy uses pertain to power distribution, ICT, and non-ICT equipment (e.g., cooling). Existing and prospected strategies and initiatives in these sectors are identified. Among key elements are innovative cooling techniques, natural resources, automation, low-power electronics, and equipment with extended thermal limits. Research perspectives are identified and estimates of improvement opportunities are mentioned. Finally, we present an overview on existing metrics, regulatory framework, and bodies concerned.

On sharing knowledge and fostering "open science"

The crucial importance of science and technology and its accurate peer reviewed dissemination, has once again been demonstrated during the current pandemic. Thus the COVID-19 pandemic together with the inevitable energy transition required by climate change, lead us to consider the issue of scientific and technical communication, both for the written papers and proceedings that have largely moved online (but not always in open access), and the various types of seminars, workshops, and symposia that frequently involve air travel with substantial CO2 impact. Online meetings that have become recently very popular, as well as online repositories for publications, themselves have a significant CO2---as well as environmental---impact, due to the massive use of electricity by information and communication technologies (ICT) and of the environmentally unfriendly manufacturing processes and decommissioning of ICT equipment. Presented is a broad overview of these aspects, and some recommendations regarding the future organization of scientific and technical communication, including: (1) peer-reviewed journals and proceedings with online open access; (2) the importance of face to face seminars and symposia, together with online meetings, to maintain the serendipity and importance of direct human contact while reducing the need for air travel; (3) the peer evaluation of research and of academic and research staff and its dependence on publications and their qualitative---rather than excessively quantitative---evaluation, where the concept of impact should include the usefulness of research to education, industry and society; (4) and the crucial role of ICT in all these aspects and the questions raised by the sustainability of ICT itself.

The Impact of Compulsory Computer Studies on ICT Literacy at Junior Secondary Schools in Livingstone District

The study investigates the impact of compulsory computer studies (CS) on information and communication technology (ICT) literacy in secondary schools in the Livingstone District, Zambia. The objectives were to investigate the availability of specialised ICT teachers, to find out the availability of ICT equipment and infrastructure, and to establish the impacts of compulsory ICT. The study was mainly qualitative using primary data, however, had a component of quantitative research using secondary data in form of Examination Council of Zambia (ECZ), ICT examinations results for grade nine. The study established that the introduction of ICT as a compulsory subject had an impact on teacher and pupil literacy in ICT, and due to insufficient ICT equipment, may have negatively affected the performance of the pupils in the ICT final examination.

Improved two-phase flow boiling in a minichannel heat sink for thermal management of information and communication technology (ICT) equipment

Thermal management systems play a significant role in dissipating heat and guaranteeing the safety of facilities. For information and communication technology (ICT) systems, a highly reliable operation depends on accurate thermal control, including the maximum temperature attained and the uniformity of temperature of the semiconductor devices. In the literature, two-phase flow boiling devices have been proposed as an efficient solution for addressing this concern; however, the application of such devices is still fraught with serious challenges owing to the unstable flow boiling. This study aims at solving the problem of undesired heat transfer deterioration triggered by two-phase flow instability in ICT systems. Based on our previous proposed radial expanding minichannel heat sink (REMHS), we tested the effects of a cut-off structure and a gap structure on further stabilizing the flow boiling and enhancing heat transfer performance. The cut-off structure is employed in the flow direction to relieve the rapid expansion of vapor slugs in the minichannels. This elevated the heat transfer coefficient of the REMHS by nearly two-fold under high heat flux conditions and effectively eliminated the local hotspot on the heat sink. The overheating at the downstream of the REMHS, in terms of temperature, decreased by 55% from 29 to 13 K at a heat flux of 220 kW/m2. Moreover, a better wall temperature uniformity was obtained. The gap structure was found effective in liquid–vapor separation that maintains the temperature fluctuations below 0.6 K. By suppressing the detrimental reversal flow with the two proposed techniques, the REMHS achieved a high flow boiling heat transfer capability over a wide range of operating conditions and met the requirement of the ICT equipment thermal management system.

Rack Temperature Prediction Model Using Machine Learning after Stopping Computer Room Air Conditioner in Server Room

Data centers (DCs) are becoming increasingly important in recent years, and highly efficient and reliable operation and management of DCs is now required. The generated heat density of the rack and information and communication technology (ICT) equipment is predicted to get higher in the future, so it is crucial to maintain the appropriate temperature environment in the server room where high heat is generated in order to ensure continuous service. It is especially important to predict changes of rack intake temperature in the server room when the computer room air conditioner (CRAC) is shut down, which can cause a rapid rise in temperature. However, it is quite difficult to predict the rack temperature accurately, which in turn makes it difficult to determine the impact on service in advance. In this research, we propose a model that predicts the rack intake temperature after the CRAC is shut down. Specifically, we use machine learning to construct a gradient boosting decision tree model with data from the CRAC, ICT equipment, and rack intake temperature. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has a very high prediction accuracy: the coefficient of determination was 0.90 and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.54. Our model makes it possible to evaluate the impact on service and determine if action to maintain the temperature environment is required. We also clarify the effect of explanatory variables and training data of the machine learning on the model accuracy.

Travel-based multitasking: review of the role of digital activities and connectivity

ABSTRACTTravel-based multitasking, also referred to as travel time use, is now a well-established concept, whose existence is supported by the technological trajectories, with mobile information and communication technologies (ICT) and vehicle automation working together to allow travel time to be more productive and enjoyable. Despite existence of reviews of travel-time multitasking studies, the systematic overview of the role digital activities, i.e. those that necessarily require modern ICT equipment to participate, has been limited, often wrapped under the umbrella term “use of ICT”, potentially obscuring their complexity and sophistication. Similarly, the role of connectivity and its attributes, e.g. speed (bandwidth), reliability, price, ease of use, data allowance or security, deserves a more systematic overview given its key role in enabling digital online activities and hence the travel-based multitasking options. This paper provides a review of 77 empirical travel-based multitasking-studies that explored the role of digital activities or connectivity. In particular, the review discusses the existing typologies of digital activities, dividing them into hardware-centric, function-centric or a combination of both (mixed). Subsequently, key contributions are discussed with respect to the treatment of digital activities and connectivity and its attributes. Based on the review, it is possible to observe that the existing studies have looked only at a handful of rather restricted online activities that do not sufficiently capture the sophistication with which individuals interact with the virtual world nowadays. Furthermore, the role of connectivity, although deeply embedded in the “C” of the “ICT” concept, has not been looked at or modelled in any detail in studies related to travel time use or its quality. This existing shortcoming might have resulted in an insufficient understanding of the mechanisms driving travel time use, the associated experience indicators of customer satisfaction, productivity or the consequences for relative attractiveness of transport modes. All of these considerations remain, however, crucial for designing, appraising and operating transport infrastructure and services that are able to take the advantage of lifestyle digitisation to meet the increasing customer needs while also delivering broader economic, social benefits and possibly also environmental benefits.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Utilization: A Veritable Tool for Academic Staff Effectiveness in Nigerian Polytechnics

There is no doubt about the fact that information and communication technology utilisation (ICT) is a life wire of any school organisation. However, planners and administrators are aware of the contributions that ICT utilisation could make to the enhancement of academic activities of the institutions. The attainment of the goals and objectives of higher institutions of learning required the availability and optimal utilisation of ICT. Based on the foregoing premise, this study examined ICT utilisation as a veritable tool for academic staff effectiveness in Nigerian Polytechnics. The concept and importance of ICT utilisation were critically examined. Challenges associated with ICT utilisation were highlighted, which include unsteady power supply, inadequate funding, poor quality of telecommunication connections, and lack of qualified ICT operators. The study concluded that the contribution of ICT utilisation to the development of entire level of education today make it necessary for the adoption of ICT utilisation by the school authorities, administrators as well as the lecturers in such a way that it easier for the utilisation of application packages (like power point presentation, Microsoft word process, spread sheet and so on), internet application (video conferencing, e-mail, data base, e-learning) and computer hardware facilities (photo copier machine, printing machine, scanners, laptops to mention but a few). This helps to improve the quality of teaching-learning process, academic and administrative effectiveness in institutions. Also, the technological devices of an institution are a major determinant factor in the actualisation of its objectives. The study recommends that proper funding should be provided for the procurement of ICT devices and equipment which are capital intensive.

Improvement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Maintenance in Government Institution using Hybrid of Six Sigma and Several Decision Support Methods

Nowadays, the development of ICT devices is growing very rapidly. Many companies and governments invest a lot of funds on the ICT side to optimize and cut operational costs as effectively and efficiently as possible. This paper discussed the issue of the maintenance of ICT equipment in the Indonesian constitutional court which is spread in 42 locations throughout Indonesia. The current problem is that there is no maintenance of ICT in the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia in 42 cities throughout Indonesia, so it is difficult to overcome the technical problems that occur. In this paper, Six sigma is combined with several decision-making methods to minimize technical disturbances in the ICT device to the right selection of vendors to carry out the ICT maintenance. The proposed method that we did to optimize maintenance services using a hybrid DMAIC six sigma which then improved the quality of analysis using brainstorming and decision making on the best vendors using AHP. The hybrid of six sigma is very instrumental in reducing the weakness of six sigma which forces the process of monitoring diligently and continuously. This research yielded better service quality compared to the current system for maintenance ICT at the Indonesian Constitutional Court.

ICT Integration in Secondary School Physics and Teachers’ Attitude Towards Using ICT in Teaching Physics in Mombasa County, Kenya

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) provides an opportunity for Educational Institutions and other organisations to harness and use technology to complement and support the teaching and learning process. However, despite the enormous advocacy for ICT-aided teaching and learning, investment and donation of ICT equipment to schools, there is a challenge on how to transform students learning process to provide students with the skills to function effectively in this information-rich and dynamic environment. Unless ICT is effectively integrated in teaching and learning, the investment for the development of ICT in schools will be wasted. The school curriculum may also fail to achieve its mission to produce learners who are ready for the world of work, which is increasingly reliant on ICT- aided generation and dissemination of knowledge. This study was aimed at finding out the extent of ICT integration in secondary school Physics and the teachers’ attitude towards the using ICT in teaching Physics. Further. The study also assessed the extent to which the National ICT policy on education has been implemented in Mombasa County. It also assessed the teachers attitude towards teaching Physics using ICT. The study was done through administering questionnaires to 148 Physics teachers in public and private secondary schools, and conducting interviews with three (3) ICT champions in the county. The quantitative data based on a Likert Scale was analysed with the aid of the SPSS computer software (version 20) while the qualitative data was analysed using the Bryman’s Four Stage Qualitative Analysis. Keywords : Information and Communication Technology, Attitude. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-27-04 Publication date :September 30 th 2019

Challenges in Using ICT in Teaching Secondary School Physics and Effect of Teaching Using ICT on Students’ Physics Academic Achievement in Mombasa County, Kenya

In the recent past, the Government of Kenya and other stakeholders have invested massively in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in secondary schools. The aim of this has been to enhance pedagogical approaches for teaching and learning. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) provides an opportunity for Educational Institutions and other organisations to harness and use technology to complement and support the teaching and learning process. However, despite the enormous advocacy for ICT-aided teaching and learning, investment and donation of ICT equipment to schools, there is a challenge of how to transform students learning process to provide students with the skills to function effectively in this information-rich and dynamic environment. This study was aimed at identifying the challenges involved in the use of ICT in the teaching of Physics and the possible solutions to the challenges Further, it sought to find the effect of using ICT on academic achievement of Secondary School Physics students in Mombasa County. This was done by administering questionnaires to 148 Physics teachers in public and private secondary schools, and conducting interviews with three (3) ICT champions in the county. An experiment was conducted involving 143 Form Two Physics students and one (1) Physics teacher in a purposively selected secondary school to determine the effect of teaching using ICT on students’ academic achievement in Physics. The experimental data was analysed using a two way analysis of variance (ANOVA)., The finding of this study agree with Adeyemo who found that students performed better in Physics when ICT was applied in the teaching of Physics. Among the recommendations made was availing of better quality ICT resources to schools to improve learning outcomes. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-22-08 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

English

The importance of information and communication technology (ICT) in education in the 21st century cannot be overemphasized. A number of initiatives have been put in place in Ghana to ensure that information and communication technology is extensively used and taught at all levels of our education. The study utilized a descriptive survey design and employed cluster and simple random sampling technique to collect data from 525 pupils in 34 schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. The cluster was made up of six communities in the Metropolis, namely, Aboom, Bakaano, Cape Coast, Efutu, Ola, and Pedu/Abura.  The sample was chosen on the basis of Cohen et al. recommendation for choosing representative samples. These two sampling techniques helped to arrive at a sample that was fairly representative of the population. The study addressed four research questions: (1) How available are the ICT facilities to pupils and teachers in Cape Coast Metropolis primary schools? (2) How does the use of ICT equipment affect the implementation of ICT programmes in primary schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis? (3) How does the attitude of primary school pupils affect the implementation of ICT in Cape Coast Metropolis? and (4) How does the attitude of teachers teaching ICT in the primary schools affect the implementation of ICT in the Cape Coast Metropolis? The analyses of responses from questionnaires revealed the unavailability of ICT equipment and pupils’ lack of access to ICT infrastructure. The study recommends that Ghana Education Service (GES) should institute technology and technical support units in the various schools to handle technology integration challenges.    Key words: Information and communication technology (ICT) challenges, access to ICT, implementation, primary school.