Information Program Research Articles

Information and library services for library users: Innovative approaches and vectors modifications

The relevance lies in the in-depth analysis of the problems of development and transformation of library and information services, as well as in the changed user requests and information needs caused by the information development of society. The purpose is to explore the benefits of using the latest technologies and services in information services in the context of research by Ukrainian library professionals; to analyse the dynamics of library development and its modification in the system of user service. The study used general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalisation) and approaches: socio-cultural, socio-communicative, and systemic. The current challenges of informatisation of society and the rapid expansion of the volume and content of information resources raise the issue of revising the methods of work in the field of reference and bibliographic services for libraries. This requires the development of scientific principles of modern activities of reference and bibliographic services aimed at providing information to users and based on a systematic approach to the formation, organisation and use of reference and information resources. Also, in the study of trends in the use of cloud services as an innovative tool in libraries in the era of digitalisation, which has become an effective means of expanding the possibility of remote access to library collections, resources, promoting the storage and analysis of data for more convenient user service. The results of the study may be important for employees of methodological and bibliographic departments, Internet centers in libraries, and can also serve as a basis for a more detailed study of specific aspects of this topic by library practitioners, teachers and students studying in information and library specialty programs. They can also be useful for replenishing the information base on the organisation and development of reference and bibliographic services in libraries

Using lessons learned from a multidecadal intercept survey of Puerto Rico spear fishers to improve data collection in the U.S. Caribbean

AbstractObjectiveSpearfishing is a common activity used to harvest coastal marine species worldwide and can be a significant contributor to landings of ecologically and economically relevant species. As such, it is important to monitor spearfishing catch and effort. Spearfishing is commonly practiced throughout the Caribbean, yet characteristics of this gear's fishery remain understudied in the region. Thus, the objectives of this study were to provide a description of the Puerto Rico spearfishing fishery utilizing a long‐term MRIP APAIS data set, examine the data set quality of this survey, and provide suggestions to improve MRIP implementation in the U.S. Caribbean.MethodsWe described the Puerto Rico recreational spearfishing fishery using a multidecadal (2000–2015) Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) Access Point Angler Intercept Survey conducted along the coast of Puerto Rico and surrounding territories. Data issues were identified in the survey results, including possible errors in measurement and identification; therefore, we limited analyses to species composition, enumeration, and mean catch rates.ResultThere were 89 species identified, with snappers (family Lutjanidae) being the most encountered family. Other economically relevant finfish frequently reported were Hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus (n = 121), Queen Triggerfish Balistes vetula (n = 115), and Red Hind Epinephelus guttatus (n = 90). Multiple reef fishes were landed during their spawning season, while prohibited by seasonal closures. Further, spearfishing accounted for 25.8% of the total harvest throughout the study period.ConclusionOur results suggest that spearfishing could be a considerable contributor to finfish landings in Puerto Rico, warranting its continued and improved monitoring in the region. Further, modifications in the design of fisheries surveys are warranted. We suggest increasing the allocation of resources, training, data quality assurance and quality control, and funding for the MRIP to maximize the accuracy of data obtained and meet MRIP U.S. Caribbean priorities. Implementation of a recreational fishing license would assist by creating a registry to monitor total recreational fishing effort and by generating funds to supplement the MRIP. The use of electronic reporting can help mitigate discrepancies with species identification and size measurements and enhance overall recreational fisheries data collection.

Parent Preferences for Peer Connection in Virtual Mental Health and Parenting Support Platforms

AbstractPeer connections can be integrated in online and app-based (eHealth) family mental health and parenting programs through forums/chats or video group sessions. Little is known about parental preferences regarding eHealth features, yet they could be key factors influencing uptake and utility of programs. Accordingly, the present study aims to examine parent preferences for connecting with other parents in eHealth programs. Parents (n = 177) of 0–5-year-old children in the United States were recruited on MTurk. Parents were asked about peer connection preferences through questions framed around how and with whom they would like to connect when using a virtual mental health and parenting support platform. Most (86.4%) preferred connecting with other parents in an eHealth program with 73.2% preferring to connect anonymously. If using a forum, 45.5% of mothers were comfortable connecting only with other mothers whereas 54.5% were comfortable connecting with parents of any gender; 80.3% of fathers were comfortable connecting with all parents. Results were similar for videoconferencing. Age, income, number of children, recent stressful events, social support, mental health symptoms, and parenting stress did not predict any of these preferences. Our results suggest that integrating peer connection should be considered in developing parental eHealth programs as it may be in line with the preferences of most parents and programs that match user preferences have been shown to have higher enrollment and adherence. These preferences should be further studied with community samples and diverse participants to strengthen confidence in the findings and properly inform program development.

Impact of the level of physical activities on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, lack of personal accomplishment and burnout among students in the city province of Kinshasa

The impact of the practice of physical activities on burnout and its dimensions remains very little documented among students living in subaerial African countries. The present study was to determine the impact of the level of physical activities on Burnout. In a cross-sectional analytical study, students from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Kinshasa were recruited by convenience in the period from February 1 to August 1, 2023. The parameters of interest included intensity, frequency, duration of the practice of physical activities and the dimensions of Burnout. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to research the influence between the intensity, frequency and duration of physical activity practice on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, lack of personal accomplishment and burnout syndrome. The moderate and high level of physical activity practice significantly reduces emotional exhaustion by -14 (30.08 ± 13.04 vs 16.10 ± 10.38; p < 0.001), depersonalization by -7 (12. 45 ± 6.42 vs 5.89 ± 5.99; p < 0.001), burnout of -17 (28.17 ± 10.05 vs 11.00 ± 8.47; p < 0.001) and increases the personal accomplishment of students of the faculty of medicine of +31 (42.00 ± 10.7 vs 11.00 ± 8.47; p < 0.002). The duration of the practice of physical activities of 30 minutes or more positively influences personalization in 28% (p < 0.001), 75% personal accomplishment (p < 0.003) and 63% burnout (p < 0.004). Furthermore, the frequency of 3 or more times per week of practicing physical activities positively improves emotional exhaustion by 56% (p < 0.001), professional accomplishment by 79% (p < 0.002) and 83% by burnout (p < 0.001). Young medical school students with burnout are inactive and sedentary. The latter are associated with a decrease in personal accomplishment and an increase in burnout syndrome. The duration of physical activities of 30 to 45 minutes per day practiced three or more times per week positively improves emotional exhaustion, personalization, and personal accomplishment and burnout syndrome. The dissemination of information programs, particularly to medical students, seems urgent.

A post-diagnosis information and support programme for dyads-People living with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and family carers: A feasibility study.

The aim of the study was to establish the feasibility of delivering a structured post-diagnosis information and support program to dyads (persons living with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and family carers) in two primary care settings. A two-phase explanatory mixed-method approach guided by the Bowen Feasibility Framework focused on acceptability, implementation, adaptation, integration and efficacy of a five-part programme. In phase 1, the quantitative impact of the programme on the dyadic programme recipients' self-efficacy, quality of life, dyadic relationship and volume of care was measured. In phase 2, inductive content analysis focused on nurse and dyad participant experiences of the programme. Quantitative and qualitative data were reviewed to conclude each element of feasibility. Four registered nurses working within the participating sites were recruited, trained as programme facilitators and supported to deliver the programme. Eligible dyads attending the respective primary health clinics were invited to participate in the programme and complete surveys at three time points: recruitment, post-programme and 3-month follow-up. Post-programme semi-structured interviews were conducted with dyads and programme facilitators. Twenty-nine dyads completed the program; the majority were spousal dyads. The programme proved acceptable to the dyads with high retention and completion rates. Implementation and integration of the programme into usual practice were attributed to the motivation and capacity of the nurses as programme facilitators. Regarding programme efficacy, most dyads reported they were better prepared for the future and shared the plans they developed during the programme with family members. Implementing a structured information and support programme is feasible, but sustainability requires further adaptation or increased staff resources to maintain programme fidelity. Future research should consider selecting efficacy measures sensitive to the unique needs of people living with dementia and increasing follow-up time to 6 months. This study established the feasibility of registered nurses delivering a post-diagnosis information and support programme for people living with early-stage dementia or mild cognitive impairment and their informal carers in primary care settings. The motivation and capacity of nurses working as programme facilitators ensured the integration of the programme into usual work, but this was not considered sustainable over time. Family carer dyads reported tangible outcomes and gained confidence in sharing their diagnosis with family and friends and asking for assistance. Findings from this study can be used to provide direction for a clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of the structured information and support programme in the primary care setting. The authors have adhered to the EQUATOR STROBE Statement. A public hospital memory clinic and general medical practice participated in project design, study protocol development and supported implementation.

Comprehensive functional testing based on physical load with changing power in a closed cycle for students

A large number of studies are devoted to the study of the functional capabilities of pupils and students. The majority of scientists and practitioners evaluate the level of functional capabilities with the help of various test tasks on physical fitness, also use various functional tests and functional testing with the help of dosed physical loads, in isolated cases with the help of maximum loads. In the light of the published data, there is a noticeable controversy of opinions in determining the level of functional capabilities due to certain inaccuracies in obtaining results and inaccuracies in the approaches to finding relevant indicators, which do not take into account the age-related changes occurring in the body of pupils and students. In our opinion, the most accurate, operative and informative is functional testing, in which the power of the physical load changes in a closed cycle. This technique allows to detect not only the indicators of physical performance and the reaction of the cardiovascular system, but also allows to establish the regulatory and energy components of the systemic reaction of the human body. The implementation of such monitoring technology and information program, which provides an automated assessment of the functional capabilities of the human body, and is accurate, informative and physiologically justified, is relevant in our time. In order to optimize the educational and educational process of physical education and obtain more complete information about the level of functional capabilities of students of higher educational institutions, it is advisable to use complex monitoring taking into account the appropriate functional testing and separate tests of physical fitness, which will help specialists in the field of physical education to obtain a more accurate and versatile information about students' functional capabilities, assess their state of health, implement individual and differential approaches in the educational process of physical education based on the received data, make corrections to the educational process in educational institutions.

Advancing athlete development: How Percentile Comparison Methods (PCMs) can identify youth developmental profiles

ObjectivesInter-individual developmental differences confound the capability to accurately evaluate youth athletic performance, highlighting the need for considerate methodology and analytical approaches. The present study demonstrated how Percentile Comparison Methods (PCMs) were developed, tested, and applied to identify athlete developmental profiles in Australian youth swimming. DesignCross-sectional. MethodsParticipants were N = 866 female 100-metre (m) Front-Crawl swimmers, aged 9–15 years, competing at 36 Australian regional–national level long course events. At respective events, swim performance time was collated alongside, age, date of birth, and anthropometric measures to identify age group, relative age, and maturity status. Quadratic relative age and maturity status with 100-m performance regression trendlines were generated. Then, individual swim performances at a given relative age or maturity status were converted into percentile rank distributions and compared with raw (unadjusted) annual age-group performance percentile ranks. ResultsAt a cohort level, initial testing confirmed relative age and maturity-adjusted percentile rankings were associated with general rank improvements for relatively younger and later maturing swimmers compared to raw ranks (and vice versa). When assessing individual swimmer plots, where three percentile rank scores were compared and rank change threshold criteria applied, five Percentile Comparison Method profile types were identified, namely: ‘Early Developing’ (19 %); ‘Later Developing’ (18 %); ‘Consistent’ (15 %); ‘Mixed’ (38 %) and ‘Counteracting’ (10 %). Percentile Comparison Method plots helped identify developmentally (dis-)advantaged swimmers; specific factors leading to (dis-)advantage, and likely onward development trajectories. ConclusionsOverall and with practical considerations, Percentile Comparison Methods can improve the validity of youth athletic performance evaluation as well as inform athlete development programming.

Development of a promotional media model using puzzle media as an effort to increase knowledge of dental and oral health maintenance in Preschool Children

Background: Efforts to increase the knowledge of society in general and school children in particular can be carried out through the Communication, Information and Education (KIE) program. Learning while playing is an effective method for children to increase their knowledge. The media used varies greatly, from oral, singing, printed or written media, games such as snakes and ladders and puzzles, to electronic media such as television and the internet. Puzzles are an interesting game for children, because basically children like attractive colored images. Puzzles can train finger dexterity and hand-eye coordination, as well as the cognitive concept of matching shapes and parts to wholes. Objective: To determine the effect of Health Promotion using puzzle media in increasing preschool children's dental health knowledge. Method: This study used a one group pretest and posttest design by providing treatment and measuring preschool children's knowledge before and after treatment. Results: The results of the analysis obtained a significance value of <0.05. Conclusion: There is an influence of puzzle media in increasing the knowledge and dental hygiene of preschool children.

Scaling-up and scaling-out the Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach to optimize the hypertension diagnosis and care cascade for HIV infected individuals (SCALE SAIA-HTN): a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial.

Undiagnosed and untreated hypertension is a main driver of cardiovascular disease and disproportionately affects persons living with HIV (PLHIV) in low- and middle-income countries. Across sub-Saharan Africa, guideline application to screen and manage hypertension among PLHIV is inconsistent due to poor service readiness, low health worker motivation, and limited integration of hypertension screening and management within HIV care services. In Mozambique, where the adult HIV prevalence is over 13%, an estimated 39% of adults have hypertension. As the only scaled chronic care service in the county, the HIV treatment platform presents an opportunity to standardize and scale hypertension care services. Low-cost, multi-component systems-level strategies such as the Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach (SAIA) have been found effective at integrating hypertension and HIV services to improve the effectiveness of hypertension care delivery for PLHIV, reduce drop-offs in care, and improve service quality. To build off lessons learned from a recently completed cluster randomized trial (SAIA-HTN) and establish a robust evidence base on the effectiveness of SAIA at scale, we evaluated a scaled-delivery model of SAIA (SCALE SAIA-HTN) using existing district health management structures to facilitate SAIA across six districts of Maputo Province, Mozambique. This study employs a stepped-wedge design with randomization at the district level. The SAIA strategy will be "scaled up" with delivery by district health supervisors (rather than research staff) and will be "scaled out" via expansion to Southern Mozambique, to 18 facilities across six districts in Maputo Province. SCALE SAIA-HTN will be introduced over three, 9-month waves of intensive intervention, where technical support will be provided to facilities and district managers by study team members from the Mozambican National Institute of Health. Our evaluation of SCALE SAIA-HTN will be guided by the RE-AIM framework and will seek to estimate the budget impact from the payer's perspective. SAIA packages user-friendly systems engineering tools to support decision-making by frontline health workers and to identify low-cost, contextually relevant improvement strategies. By integrating SAIA delivery into routine management structures, this pragmatic trial will determine an effective strategy for national scale-up and inform program planning. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05002322 (registered 02/15/2023).

O147: Use of the National Consultant Information Programme to evaluate surgical practice in England for rectal prolapse repair, identifying points of variation for improvement and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract Introduction Using the National Consultant Information Programme (NCIP) tool to extract and analyse data surrounding rectal prolapse repair procedures, to identify key trends and variation. Analysing data across a 4-year period to evaluate how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted current surgical practice. Methods NCIP compiles hospital episode statistics data gathered by NHS analysts. Data is categorised by key metrics including length of stay (LOS), procedure approach, deprivation score and pseudonymised provider. Data is for elective procedures in patients 17+ and has been contextualised by recent available literature. Results Of the 6702 procedures, 65.8% (4413) were carried out in the first time period, 1st April 2018 to 31st March 2020. Abdominal prolapse repair increased from 37.0% of procedures in the first 2 years, to 42.4% in the second period (1st April 2020 to 31st March 2022). Perineal approach decreased from 45.6% of procedures to 41.1% in the second period. 87.7% of patients were female. Most procedures were open (77.7%). Average LOS was 2.5 days and was highest in laparoscopic assisted procedures (5.38), 2.33 in open procedures. From 141 providers, the top 15 did 100-218 procedures each across the 4 years. 24 providers performed 15 or less, while 5 performed only 1 repair. Mortality within 90 days was 0.81% in the first data period and increased to 1.1% in the second. Conclusion Data suggests an impact on procedure numbers due to Covid-19, but not on approach type. Significant observed variation between provider approach and procedure count invites further research into reasons behind this.

Topic mining for theses and job ads in ICT sector: can higher education institutes respond to job market demands?

IntroductionThis study aims to tackle the challenge of ensuring higher education students are equipped with high-demand skills for today’s job market. The focus is on aligning the knowledge acquired during their studies, as represented by final-year thesis projects, with the skills and topics specified in actual job advertisements.MethodsWe developed a computational framework that uses automated subject indexing to extract representative skills and topics from two major datasets: thesis abstracts from Information and Communication Technology (ICT) programmes of Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences, and ICT-related job ads from a top Finnish job portal. Our dataset spans 12 years, comprising 18,254 theses and 107,335 ads. The framework includes a subject indexing model for keyword extraction, dimension reduction techniques for data simplification, clustering algorithms to group similar items, and correlation analysis to compare similarities and differences between the two datasets.ResultsThe analysis uncovered both similarities and differences between thesis topics and trends in job ads. It highlighted areas where education aligns with industry demands but also pointed out existing gaps.DiscussionOur framework not only helps to align the education provided with industry demands but also ensures that higher education institutes can stay up-to-date with the latest skills and knowledge in the field, thereby better equipping students for success in their careers. While the framework was applied to the ICT sector in this instance, its design allows expansion into other fields offering a data-informed approach for continuous development of teaching curricula and methodologies.

Organizational and technological reliability of complex buildings with recourse supply risks modeling

Introduction. In recent days, the resources of a construction project (СP) are limited; therefore, the main tasks of managing the resource supply of construction production (RSСP) are optimal planning of resources and management of material and technical support. This includes managing the resources, supply, inventory management and distribution of resources by type of construction and installation work (CIW).Materials and methods. For a systematic analysis of the functioning of a construction project, organizational and technological subsystems are identified that have the greatest impact on the quality and reliability of construction systems. These include construction scheduling, resource support for construction and estimates that determine the cost characteristics of construction production.Scientific novelty. As a criterion for determining the effectiveness of the construction process, the article proposes to use the organizational and technological reliability (OTR) of complex development, taking into account resource supply. The article examines the factors influencing this criterion, as well as determines the indicators of factors and the interval values of the risk assessment of OTR. The values of the OTR indicator are obtained, which is the probability of completing the project on time, and the classification of factors affecting OTR is supplemented.Results. Contractors and developers provide construction facilities with all necessary resources according to the technological sequence of production of the CIW, established calendar plans and construction schedules. The organisation of complete supplies of resources through enterprises and divisions of production and technological equipment, as well as production and acquisition bases will provide for the redistribution of necessary resources to fulfill the production program between the construction sites of complex development.The novelty of the study lies in the modelling of the organizational and technological reliability of complex development, taking into account the risks of resource supply.Discussion and conclusion. To ensure successful resource provision, it is necessary to take into account the risks and take into account, within the framework of information programming, the organizational and technological reliability of the technological processes of the construction project, taking into account the specific conditions and factors of the implementation of the integrated development project.

Wind velocity estimates from wave observing platforms

ABSTRACT Near-surface ocean wind measurements are important for weather forecasting, determining surface transports, and estimating air-sea interactions; however, in-situ wind observations are often limited. Previous studies indicate that the equilibrium range of the surface gravity wave spectrum can be used to estimate surface wind velocity. This approach is tested using spectral wave measurements from the Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) buoy array off Monterey, California. Quality controlled wind vectors inferred from wave spectra are statistically compared to measurements from a nearby National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy, demonstrating strong agreement with the control observations with root mean square errors for speed and direction of 1.8 m/s for all wind speeds and 13.2° for wind speeds greater than 7 m/s. We expand this estimation method to account for biofouling, which causes high-frequency damping of the wave spectrum, and the effects of form factor, which impact the platform’s dynamic response to high-frequency waves. The method produces wind-proxy measurements solely from wave spectra and wave-based drag parametrizations, making it useful for operational integration. This work demonstrates the ability to make robust wind velocity estimates using wave data from multiple sources, increasing the coverage of wind information over the coastal and open ocean.

Increasing the accuracy of signal formation by changing the sampling rate

The problem of changes in the audio signal when changing the sampling frequency arose a long time ago, but interest in it has recently become more acute with an increase in the quality of signal formation and transmission. To some extent, this was also determined by the methods of assessing the quality of changes in the harmonic signal without taking into account changes in the actual broadcast signal. Algorithms for the formation of a new digital sequence after changing the sampling rate provided perfect quality in the conversion of the sinusoidal signal and large errors in the conversion of the real signal. Algorithms for changing the sampling rate Fd have been improved. The aim of this work is to study the features of changes in the sampling frequency in the paths of the broadcast channel and to develop algorithms for converting the sampling frequency in the frequency domain with an increase in conversion accuracy. It is shown that the algorithms for converting the sampling rate in the time domain have reached perfection and cannot be improved, so the transition to processing in the frequency domain is important. An algorithm for converting the sampling frequency in the frequency domain has been developed. The spectrum of the error signal for various types of converters is determined and the need for its compensation is determined. A method for introducing predistortions for converters with known and unknown sequence of sample rates used has been developed. The use of the results of this work makes it possible to improve the quality of broadcasting signals and information programs.

Content Analysis of E-mail Marketing Communications Among Online E-cigarette Retailers.

Online e-cigarette retailers use e-mail communications to promote products directly to consumers, which may facilitate e-cigarette use. Little is known about the content of these e-mails. As such, this study collected e-mails from online e-cigarette retailers in California to conduct a content analysis. This study included 13 online e-cigarette retailers in California using Yelp. To be included in the study, e-cigarette retailers needed a live website, physical retail location (ie, vape shop), and e-cigarettes available for purchase online. The research team entered each website and signed up (if possible) for an e-mail newsletter. Data were collected from the Gmail Application Programming Interface over a 1-year study period (November 1, 2021-November 1, 2022). Members of the research team coded e-mails for the presence of e-cigarettes, other products, flavors, marketing categories, and promotional activities, among other variables. Seven hundred and forty-nine promotional e-mails (2.1 avg/day) were received over the 1-year study period. Second-generation e-cigarettes (n = 581, 77.6%) were the most observed product in e-mails followed by disposable e-cigarettes (n = 391, 52.2%). The most common flavor profile was fruit or sweet or liquor (n = 424, 56.6%). E-mails included links to social media pages (n = 366, 48.9%). Online coupons were found in 53.1% (n = 398) of the e-mails. Age warnings were displayed in 8.0% (n = 60) of the e-mails. E-cigarette retailers' e-mails promoted new products, flavors, and contained promotional discounts. Future research should examine the impact of exposure to such e-mails on e-cigarette-related attitudes and behaviors. Findings from this study may help inform prevention programs and interventions focused on increasing tobacco-related digital media literacy (ie, evaluate tobacco advertising messages on digital media) among gender and ethnic minorities. Future research should examine if exposure to e-mail marketing is causally linked with e-cigarette use among gender and ethnic minorities.

A Field Survey of Grapevine Germplasm Susceptible to Eutypa Dieback

Eutypa dieback of grapevine is a trunk disease that impacts vineyard productivity worldwide. Grape germplasm is typically evaluated for resistance to Eutypa dieback through controlled inoculations in the greenhouse, although the high level of replication required of this approach (40 plants per genotype) can limit the total number of genotypes evaluated. An alternative approach is to evaluate naturally infected genotypes in the field. We rated the incidence and severity of vines with the diagnostic leaf symptoms of Eutypa dieback and the incidence of mortality among such vines of 973 Vitis vinifera accessions (planted in duplicate) at the US Department of Agriculture, National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Davis, CA, USA, which is maintained as a living collection for grape research. Across 3 years and spanning a total of 5 years (2011, 2013, and 2015), 120 accessions had leaf symptoms in one or more years (“susceptible accessions”). Courbu blanc [Davis Vitis identification tag (DVIT) 2313], Frankenthal blanc (DVIT 2115), and Pinot gris (DVIT 0907) were the only accessions with leaf symptoms each year. Accessions with the most severe leaf symptoms (a rating of 5 points) were Chasselas Napoleon (DVIT 0375) and Queen of the Vineyard (DVIT 0496). We identified susceptible accessions—namely, those related to ‘Chasselas’ and ‘Muscat’—with a shared genetic background, based on a previous single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping effort of the collection. Especially for grapevine, a long-lived perennial that is meant to produce a crop for decades, knowledge of susceptible accessions and their pedigrees can help inform breeding programs and studies on the host response to infection.

Urbanization and adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in the rural‐urban interface of Bangalore, India

AbstractUrban expansion often takes place on the most productive agricultural lands, affecting how the remaining agricultural land is used. Evidence on the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in urbanizing areas is scarce and mostly based on cross‐sectional data. Cross‐sectional studies, however, cannot reflect the dynamics of urbanization and adoption. We use household panel data from 2017 and 2020 to analyze the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices among peri‐urban farmers in Bangalore, India, a rapidly urbanizing region. We focus on practices for water and erosion management, integrated pest management and soil fertility management, and an integrated package of sustainable practices. Using random effects probit models with the Mundlak approach, we consider various factors besides urbanization, including exposure to weather variability, awareness of climate change, connection with institutional actors, and household and farm characteristics. Results show that urbanization, measured as changes in the percentage of built‐up area, reduces the probability that farmers adopt sustainable agricultural practices. Like prior studies, we find that wealth indicators, market access, knowledge of climate change, and rainfall variability facilitate adoption. However, contact with institutional actors largely reduces farmers’ probability of adoption. Policies should promote the integration of sustainable farming technologies at the institutional level and in information and training programs to achieve sustainable intensification of peri‐urban agriculture.

Analysis of Anonymous Student Narratives About Experiences with Emergency Medicine Residency Programs.

Academic emergency medicine (EM) communities have viewed anonymous online communities (AOC) such as Reddit or specialty-specific "applicant spreadsheets" as poor advising resources. Despite this, robust EM AOCs exist, with large user bases and heavy readership. Insights about applicants' authentic experiences can be critical for applicants and program leadership decision-making. To date, there are no EM studies to qualitatively assess EM AOC narratives during the application cycle. Our goal was to perform a qualitative analysis of students' EM program experiences through a publicly available AOC. This was a qualitative analysis of a publicly available, time-stamped, user-locked AOC dataset: "Official 2020-2021 Emergency Medicine Applicant Spreadsheet." We extracted and then de-identified all data from selected sub-sheets entitled "Virtual Interview Impressions" and "Rotation Impressions." Four investigators used constant comparative method to analyze the data inductively, and they subsequently met to generate common themes discussed by students. Preliminary thematic analysis was conducted on a random sample of 37/183 (20%) independent narratives to create the initial codebook. This was used and updated iteratively to analyze the entire narrative set consisting of 841 discrete statements. Finally, two unique codes were created to distinguish whether the identified sub-themes, or program attributes, were likely "modifiable" or "non-modifiable." We identified six major themes: living and working conditions; interpersonal relationships; learning experiences, postgraduate readiness, and online/virtual supplements. Common sub-themes included patient population (13%); resident personality (7%); program leadership personality (7%); relationship with faculty/leadership (6%); geography (4%); practice setting (4%); program reputation (4%), and postgraduate year-3 experiences (4%). Modifiable sub-themes outnumbered non-modifiable sub-themes, 60.7% to 39.3%. In this analysis of selected medical students' narratives in an AOC, the majority of identified themes represented topics that may serve as external feedback for EM residency programs and their clerkships. Selective use of AOCs may set a precedent for future program assessments by applicants and inform program leadership of important programmatic elements in the eyes of applicants. It elucidates important themes in their interactions or learning experiences with programs and creates opportunities for learner-centric program improvement.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI): PRACTICES AND PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY INTERIOR DESIGNERS

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has swept the globe. Tools of artificial intelligence are now readily available to everyone due to the advancement of new and more refined AI every day, and they carry the potential to fundamentally alter the way one lives, works, and interacts with their surroundings. The interior design strategy based on artificial intelligence technology is being used to optimize the entire interior design work to increase technological innovation in space. Designers can input their preferences and design ideas into artificial intelligence systems for interior design and receive suggestions for furniture, colour palettes, and other design elements. These AI applications are helpful to optimize the work management of an interior designer as well as appease the clients. The main aim of the research study is to find out the practices and problems experienced by Interior designers regarding the applications of artificial intelligence in professionally managing and completing interior design projects. Data was collected from 80 respondents using a questionnaire through the purposive sampling method. The results of this investigation were valuable for Interior Design professionals, to get refined knowledge about the development of Artificial Intelligence tools used in professional management of Interior Design. Through this study various informative programmes can be conducted about the latest trends in Artificial Intelligence technology, its use and applicability.

Infodemiology and infoveillance: framework for contagious exanthematous diseases, of childhood in Italy

ABSTRACT Background Contagious exanthematous diseases are becoming a major public health problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential epidemiological trend of four infectious exanthematous diseases in Italy through the searches on the internet. Methods We used the following Italian search term: ‘Sesta malattia’ (Sixth Disease, in English), ‘Eritema Infettivo’ (also knows ‘Quinta malattia’ in Italian; Fifth Disease in English), ‘Quarta malattia’ (Fourth Disease in English) and ‘Scarlattina’ (Scarlet fever in English). We overlapped Google Trends and Wikipedia data to perform a linear regression and correlation analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rho). The study period is between July 2015 and December 2022 Results The diseases considered have a seasonal trend and the search peaks between GT and Wikipedia overlap. A temporal correlation was observed between GT and Wikipedia search trends. Google Trends Internet search data showed strong correlation with Wikipedia with a rho statistically significant for Fifth disease (rho = 0.78), Fourth disease (rho = 0.76) and Scarlet-fever (rho = 0.77), moderate correlation for Sixth disease (rho = 0.32). Conclusions Infectious disease searches using Google and Wikipedia can be useful for public health surveillance and help policy makers implement prevention and information programs for the population, in addition to the fact that increases in searches could represent an early warning in the detection of outbreaks.