Development Of Information Model Research Articles

Use of Modeling to Inform Decision Making in North Carolina during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has popularized computer-based decision-support models, which are commonly used to inform decision making amidst complexity. Understanding what organizational decision makers prefer from these models is needed to inform model development during this and future crises. Methods. We recruited and interviewed decision makers from North Carolina across 9 sectors to understand organizational decision-making processes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 44). For this study, we identified and analyzed a subset of responses from interviewees (n = 19) who reported using modeling to inform decision making. We used conventional content analysis to analyze themes from this convenience sample with respect to the source of models and their applications, the value of modeling and recommended applications, and hesitancies toward the use of models. Results. Models were used to compare trends in disease spread across localities, estimate the effects of social distancing policies, and allocate scarce resources, with some interviewees depending on multiple models. Decision makers desired more granular models, capable of projecting disease spread within subpopulations and estimating where local outbreaks could occur, and incorporating a broad set of outcomes, such as social well-being. Hesitancies to the use of modeling included doubts that models could reflect nuances of human behavior, concerns about the quality of data used in models, and the limited amount of modeling specific to the local context. Conclusions. Decision makers perceived modeling as valuable for informing organizational decisions yet described varied ability and willingness to use models for this purpose. These data present an opportunity to educate organizational decision makers on the merits of decision-support modeling and to inform modeling teams on how to build more responsive models that address the needs of organizational decision makers.HighlightsOrganizations from a diversity of sectors across North Carolina (including public health, education, business, government, religion, and public safety) have used decision-support modeling to inform decision making during COVID-19.Decision makers wish for models to project the spread of disease, especially at the local level (e.g., individual cities and counties), and to help estimate the outcomes of policies.Some organizational decision makers are hesitant to use modeling to inform their decisions, stemming from doubts that models could reflect nuances of human behavior, concerns about the accuracy and precision of data used in models, and the limited amount of modeling available at the local level.

INFORMATION MODELS FOR MANUFACTURING WORKSPACES IN ROBOTIC PROJECTS

The subject of research in the article are the workspace models for flexible integrated robotic systems. The goal of the work is in development of information models to represent workspaces for following application in the automated control systems of flexible integrated manufacturing. The article solves the next tasks: to analyze the representation of workspace to decide practical problems of robotic systems of different nature, to consider the development of informational models for representation on workspaces of intelligent control systems of integrated manufacturing, to consider the practical examples of information presentation on workspaces of production systems. Research methods are set theory and predicate theory. The following results were obtained: there were analysed the main features of informational models development to solve robotic tasks of different nature and were pointed the limitations of existing approaches of formal description, the need of integration of workspace models to decision-support systems and systems of graphical and mathematical simulation of integrated systems; the set theory-based model of information representation for problem-solving processes of flexible integrated robotic systems is proposed; the information-logic model of workspace for mobile robot applications, functioning in flexible integrated systems. is developed and contains the list of objects, includes their geometrical dimensions and supplies the preservation of parameters in time and space; information presentation for automated control system of flexible integrated manufacturing, which implements proposed models, is considered. Conclusions: application of models of information type for automated control systems makes to supply logical unification of flexible integrated manufacturing elements, to provide monitoring of states of technological equipment of production systems in space and time and formation of their digital twins, to promote functioning of intelligent decision-support systems for robotic systems of different types, that improves characteristics of production control.

Exploratory Precipitation Metrics: Spatiotemporal Characteristics, Process-Oriented, and Phenomena-Based

AbstractPrecipitation sustains life and supports human activities, making its prediction one of the most societally relevant challenges in weather and climate modeling. Limitations in modeling precipitation underscore the need for diagnostics and metrics to evaluate precipitation in simulations and predictions. While routine use of basic metrics is important for documenting model skill, more sophisticated diagnostics and metrics aimed at connecting model biases to their sources and revealing precipitation characteristics relevant to how model precipitation is used are critical for improving models and their uses. This paper illustrates examples of exploratory diagnostics and metrics including 1) spatiotemporal characteristics metrics such as diurnal variability, probability of extremes, duration of dry spells, spectral characteristics, and spatiotemporal coherence of precipitation; 2) process-oriented metrics based on the rainfall–moisture coupling and temperature–water vapor environments of precipitation; and 3) phenomena-based metrics focusing on precipitation associated with weather phenomena including low pressure systems, mesoscale convective systems, frontal systems, and atmospheric rivers. Together, these diagnostics and metrics delineate the multifaceted and multiscale nature of precipitation, its relations with the environments, and its generation mechanisms. The metrics are applied to historical simulations from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Models exhibit diverse skill as measured by the suite of metrics, with very few models consistently ranked as top or bottom performers compared to other models in multiple metrics. Analysis of model skill across metrics and models suggests possible relationships among subsets of metrics, motivating the need for more systematic analysis to understand model biases for informing model development.

IFC-based performance data checking for ventilation system design

ABSTRACT With the development of Building information modelling (BIM) tools, the non-geometric attributes of duct elements, such as size, flow rate, and pressure loss, can be exported directly. BIM has been used in numerous building projects. However, there is no clarity in checking the performance data in mechanical, electrical, and plumbing design using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data. In this study, the IFC definitions for duct system, element, distribution port, and user-defined IFC-property set (Pset) according to the IFC2x3 specification are introduced. Based on the design criteria for ventilation system, three checking rules for friction loss, duct velocity, and the diffuser’s neck velocity are extracted. A sorting algorithm for duct elements in the ventilation system is proposed by searching the connections between duct elements and the related distribution ports. Furthermore, the critical path is determined by comparing path lengths from different diffusers to the AHU. Therefore, the IFC-based performance data checking for the duct design is proposed. A case study is also presented. The results show that the performance data of the duct elements in the critical path meet the design criteria, and the total pressure loss of the ventilation system is calculated.

Transforming women's and providers' experience of care for improved outcomes: A theory of change for group antenatal care in Kenya and Nigeria.

BackgroundGroup antenatal care (G-ANC) is a promising model for improving quality of maternal care and outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) but little has been published examining the mechanisms by which it may contribute to those improvements. Substantial interplay can be expected between pregnant women and providers’ respective experiences of care, but most studies report findings separately. This study explores the experience and effects of G-ANC on both women and providers to inform an integrated theory of change for G-ANC in LMICs.MethodsThis paper reports on multiple secondary outcomes from a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial of group antenatal care in Kenya and Nigeria conducted from October 2016—November 2018 including 20 clusters per country. We collected qualitative data from providers and women providing or receiving group antenatal care via focus group discussions (19 with women; 4 with providers) and semi-structured interviews (42 with women; 4 with providers). Quantitative data were collected via surveys administered to 1) providers in the intervention arm at enrollment and after facilitating 4 cohorts and 2) women in both study arms at enrollment; 3–6 weeks postpartum; and 1 year postpartum. Through an iterative approach with framework analysis, we explored the interactions of voiced experience and perceived effects of care and placed them relationally within a theory of change. Selected variables from baseline and final surveys were analyzed to examine applicability of the theory to all study participants.ResultsFindings support seven inter-related themes. Three themes relate to the shared experience of care of women and providers: forming supportive relationships and open communication; becoming empowered partners in learning and care; and providing and receiving meaningful clinical services and information. Four themes relate to effects of that experience, which are not universally shared: self-reinforcing cycles of more and better care; linked improvements in health knowledge, confidence, and healthy behaviors; improved communication, support, and care beyond G-ANC meetings; and motivation to continue providing G-ANC. Together these themes map to a theory of change which centers the shared experience of care for women and providers among multiple pathways to improved outcomes.DiscussionThe reported experience and effects of G-ANC on women and providers are consistent with other studies in LMICs. This study is novel because it uses the themes to present a theory of change for G-ANC in low-resource settings. It is useful for G-ANC implementation to inform model development, test adaptations, and continue exploring mechanisms of action in future research.

Development of public relations in the cis countries

The generation and development of public relations in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was prepared by the policy of "publicity" and economic reforms undertaken in the USSR during years 1985-1991. Thus, the appearance of public relations services coincides in time with democratic transformations and the formation of market relations. The further formation of PR in independent countries took place on the theoretical and practical foundation established during this period. There were created National associations for public relations and Declarations of professional and ethical principles in the field of public relations were adopted that time. Special faculties for training specialists in PR began to open in the universities of the CIS.                                                                                                                                 It should be noted that this process is global in nature. It has its own characteristics inherent in individual countries, as well as periodization, and therefore the study of this phenomenon on a CIS scale requires a historical and political analysis. The purpose of this article is to trace the history of the development of public relations in the CIS countries as a communicative phenomenon. An analysis of the facts shows that many modern trends in post-Soviet PR were originated and developed during this period. To achieve this goal, the following research objectives were set: to analyze the current state of public relations in the CIS countries, to interpret the main methodological approaches and identify the conceptual foundations of post-Soviet PR, to explore the dynamics of the development of information models, and to study the specifics of using communicative PR technologies. The results of the research have the theoretical and practical importance in the study of the history of PR development in the post-Soviet area. The article attempts a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and methodological approaches presented in the research literature to identify the conceptual characteristics of the socio-cultural phenomenon of public relations in the CIS countries. The recommendations and conclusions formulated at the end of this article can be used in the development of courses in academic disciplines, as well as guidelines. Keywords: public relations, Commonwealth of Independent States,  PR market, democratization, state administration, information.

Application of TLS Method in Digitization of Bridge Infrastructures: A Path to BrIM Development

Over the past years, bridge inspection practices and condition assessments were predicated upon long-established manual and paper-based data collection methods which were generally unsafe, time-consuming, imprecise, and labor-intensive, influenced by the experience of the trained inspectors involved. In recent years, the ability to turn an actual civil infrastructure asset into a detailed and precise digital model using state-of-the-art emerging technologies such as laser scanners has become in demand among structural engineers and managers, especially bridge asset managers. Although advanced remote technologies such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) are recently established to overcome these challenges, the research on this subject is still lacking a comprehensive methodology for a reliable TLS-based bridge inspection and a well-detailed Bridge Information Model (BrIM) development. In this regard, the application of BrIM as a shared platform including a geometrical 3D CAD model connected to non-geometrical data can benefit asset managers, and significantly improve bridge management systems. Therefore, this research aims not only to provide a practical methodology for TLS-derived BrIM but also to serve a novel sliced-based approach for bridge geometric Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model extraction. This methodology was further verified and demonstrated via a case study on a cable-stayed bridge called Werrington Bridge, located in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. In this case, the process of extracting a precise 3D CAD model from TLS data using the sliced-based method and a workflow to connect non-geometrical information and develop a BrIM are elaborated. The findings of this research confirm the reliability of using TLS and the sliced-based method, as approaches with millimeter-level geometric accuracy, for bridge inspection subjected to precise 3D model extraction, as well as bridge asset management and BrIM development.

Capturing career information use in everyday life: introducing the CIEL conceptual framework

Everyday career information use is not fully addressed by extant theories, models and frameworks. In this paper, a conceptual framework of career information behaviour and career information literacy in everyday life is presented.Methods. Over the course of 2021, a literature review of everyday life career information use was completed. As part of this review, a search for boundary objects was performed, and thematically similar conceptual contributions were mapped. An analysis of the integral components of ten theories, models and frameworks relating to information behaviour, information literacy, information practice and career development was performed with a view towards the development of a conceptual framework. A conceptual framework consisting of two key components – topography and way of life – was devised following analysis. The framework provides insight into the means by which individuals experience career information in everyday life, and the means by which they navigate career information environments. The conceptual framework presented in this paper is applicable to the development of novel career information literacy theories, models or frameworks, or the modification of extant conceptualisations.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНАЛІТИЧНОЇ РОБОТИ З ОБРОБЛЕННЯ ДАННИХВ ОРГАНАХ РОЗВІДКИ

Abstract: Wide implementation of modern information technologies has become an urgent issue today, according to scientists, it is an absolute requirement of the time and has become an integral feature of the work of modern management bodies. In modern conditions in the field of information technologies, there have always been two mutually complementary directions of development: systems focused on operational data processing - data processing systems and systems focused on data analysis - decision support systems. At the current stage of informatization of analytical work, a new approach found its expression in the concepts of data banks (DB). The data bank is an information system that includes a set of special methods and tools to support the dynamic information model of the field of its application for the purpose of providing information to users. At the same time, the input information (prepared for input into the information model and that is the result of the operation of the information collection and registration subsystems in the ACS), as well as the output information (obtained as a result of the processing of the information included in the model and which is received at the input of the distribution subsystems and display of information in ACS) are not considered as part of the information model. The task of maintaining the information model in the required state is that the operations of preservation and modification of the information model are carried out in the BND in accordance with the emerging changes in the composition of the objects of the subject field, the connections between them and their state. The task of providing information requests of users has two aspects that must be taken into account when designing BnD. The first aspect is the definition of the boundaries of a specific subject area and the development of an appropriate information model. The second aspect is the development of a data bank focused on efficient service of user requests. To date, the introduction of a data bank and new information processing technologies will allow for a significant increase in speed and efficiency in the analytical work of intelligence and information units.

Организация работы специалистов при создании эксплуатационных информационных моделей исторических зданий

The preservation of the historical appearance of St. Petersburg is one of the urgent issues in the field of architecture and urban planning of Russia. Despite of numerous publications on this issue, organizations operating cultural heritage sites face poor quality or lack of project documentation, which hinders the reconstruction process. The article proposes a solution to these problems, namely, the development and continuous updating of operational information models of buildings, or digital twins. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of interaction between specialists from various sections of project documentation when creating digital twins of historical buildings and structures. As a result of the study, the authors propose a methodology for interaction of specialists performing the construction of operation model in the information modeling environment. A step-by-step method of interaction of specialists is offered.

Recommendations development for the selection of information models of air conditioning in special purpose automated control systems

The article presents the results of the analysis of the method of developing recommendations for the selection of information models of the air situation in automated control systems for special purposes. Psychophysical features and processes of operative thinking of the operator of automated control systems are analyzed. It is substantiated that the task of developing recommendations for the selection or development of information models is a priority in the construction of any information model of air conditions. It is proved that the methods of encoding and decoding information used to process received signals prompt and efficient assimilation of information by the operator of automated control systems. Requirements for the characteristics of signals transmitted to the operator and methods of their coding, taking into account the characteristics of visual analyzers, memory, operational thinking. It is determined that the proposed method of analysis and selection of information models makes it possible to process all the characteristics of the signals transmitted to the operator, taking into account the characteristics of visual analyzers, memory and operational thinking. Practical researches on the basis of the developed software product which have confirmed efficiency of this method for a choice of information models are carried out. In order to increase the efficiency of decision-making by the operator of automated control systems, it is proposed to highlight not only current information, but also possible options for the operator's actions in this situation. According to the results of research, which are reflected in this article, it is stated that the use of this method is appropriate for testing information models of the reflection of the air situation when deciding on the effectiveness of their application.

Using Radiative Convective Equilibrium to Explore Clouds and Climate in the Community Atmosphere Model

AbstractCharacteristics of, and fundamental differences between, the radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) climate states following the Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project (RCEMIP) protocols in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) and version 6 (CAM6) are presented. This paper explores the characteristics of clouds, moisture, precipitation and circulation in the RCE state, as well as the tropical response to surface warming, in CAM5 and CAM6 with different parameterizations. Overall, CAM5 simulates higher precipitation rates that result in larger global average precipitation, despite lower outgoing longwave radiation compared to CAM6. Differences in the structure of clouds, particularly the amount and vertical location of cloud liquid, exist between the CAM versions and can, in part, be related to distinct representations of shallow convection and boundary layer processes. Both CAM5 and CAM6 simulate similar peaks in cloud fraction, relative humidity, and cloud ice, linked to the usage of a similar deep convection parameterization. These anvil clouds rise and decrease in extent in response to surface warming. More generally, extreme precipitation, aggregation of convection, and climate sensitivity increase with warming in both CAM5 and CAM6. This analysis provides a benchmark for future studies that explore clouds, convection, and climate in CAM with the RCEMIP protocols now available in the Community Earth System Model. These results are discussed within the context of realistic climate simulations using CAM5 and CAM6, highlighting the usefulness of a hierarchical modeling approach to understanding model and parameterization sensitivities to inform model development efforts.

2016 Monsoon Convection and Its Place in the Large‐Scale Circulation Using Doppler Radars

AbstractConvective cloud development during the Indian monsoon helps moisten the atmospheric environment and drive the monsoon trough northwards each year, bringing a large amount of India's annual rainfall. Therefore, an increased understanding of how monsoon convection develops from observations will help inform model development. In this study, 139 days of India Meteorological Department Doppler weather radar data is analyzed for seven sites across India during the 2016 monsoon season. Convective cell‐top heights (CTHs) are objectively identified through the season, and compared with near‐surface (at 2 km height) reflectivity. These variables are analyzed over three time scales of variability during the monsoon: monsoon progression on a month‐by‐month basis, active‐break periods and the diurnal cycle. We find a modal maximum in CTH around 6–8 km for all sites. Cell‐averaged reflectivity increases with CTH, at first sharply, then less sharply above the freezing level. Bhopal and Mumbai exhibit lower CTH for monsoon break periods compared to active periods. A clear diurnal cycle in CTH is seen at all sites except Mumbai. For south‐eastern India, the phase of the diurnal cycle depends on whether the surface is land or ocean, with the frequency of oceanic cells typically exhibiting an earlier morning peak compared to land, consistent with the diurnal cycle of precipitation. Our findings confirm that Indian monsoon convective regimes are partly regulated by the large‐scale synoptic environment within which they are embedded. This demonstrates the excellent potential for weather radars to improve understanding of convection in tropical regions.

LAND USE POLICY AREA (LUPA) CONCEPT MODEL

Abstract. The paper presents a Land Use Policy Area (LUPA) Concept Model adding the three basic elements: (i) ecosystem-based land use regarded as the intersection of the ecosystem and land use elements, (ii) subwatershed-based land use as the intersection of the subwatershed and land use elements, and (iii) integrated environmental management is the intersection of the subwatershed and ecosystem elements regarded as the Integrated Ecosystem Development Planning Unit (IE-DPU). The basic (spatial) elements are mathematically expressed as the paired sets of the three main variables, namely: ecosystem (dependent), watershed (dependent) and land use (independent) variables. The challenging work in this study was the development of a geospatial information model for use in policy areas LUPA applying these variables. There are four steps applied to answer the research objective, these are: ecological zone assessment, ridge-to-reef watershed delineation, land and water use heads-up mapping, ecosystem-based land use overlay analysis, watershed-based land use overlay analysis, integrated environmental management overlay analysis, and LUPA overlay analysis. The concept model analysis steers the geospatial information modeling for LUPA which carried the intersections of the paired variables: ecosystem-based land use, subwatershed-based land use and integrated environmental management as variating inputs to process by extracting the science-based information (overlay output) which practically highlighted the LUPA classification: (i) Protection with 49.1% or 3858.2 Ha of mangrove forest reserve and water use, (ii) Production areas with 46.5% or 3631.7 Ha mostly agricultural and aquacultural areas, (iii) Settlement with 2.7% or 209.2 Ha of urban and urban uses, and (iv) Infrastructure with 1.5% or 116.7 Ha of development. The authors concluded that land use policy areas will relatively change as land use changes which is also seen reliant on the impacts of climate change.

Understanding the impact of the built environment mosaic on rainfall-runoff behaviour

Despite the importance of urban flooding, there are surprisingly few experimental studies of observed flood events from high-resolution hydrological data in urban systems to inform model development and parameterisation. The aim of this study was to understand how the interaction between rainfall and the layout of the built environment influences rainfall-runoff behaviour. A 2-year field campaign was undertaken to monitor rainfall runoff behaviour of two small (<1 ha) catchments representing different types of residential developments in southern England. Statistical analysis of 34 events captured in both catchments was undertaken to investigate the link between key event characteristics (peak flow and percentage runoff) and event drivers (event causing rainfall and antecedent soil moisture). The results show that peak flow is most sensitive to 10 min rainfall intensity while antecedent soil moisture is less important. The sensitivity to rainfall is strongest on the most densely urban catchment. In contrast, no relationship between percentage runoff and neither rainfall nor antecedent soil moisture could be detected in the densely urban catchment, while both factors were found to be significant in the less urbanised catchment. These results reported here demonstrate that the layout of the build environment exerts a strong influence on the hydrological characteristics at the local scale of relevance in urban hydrology and further model development of important when planning flood mitigation measures in urban areas.

Information model development for the quality assurance of technical equipment in small buildings

Ensuring energy quality, i.e. compliance with specified or standardised energy performance indicators of buildings over the entire life cycle, can reduce the climate impact of the building sector. In this work, the causes for quality deficiencies in small building services installations as well as the structure of actors interacting with building services were analysed. On this basis, we developed a solution approach in the form of an information model including a catalogue of all requirements and the necessary content to address and improve the quality assurance of HVAC in small buildings. This information model will serve as the basis for future digital tools that can perform (partially) automated heating load calculations and the design of heating systems, improve installation logistics and installation quality through providing information and the necessary processing, and enable improved hydraulic balancing and control.

Blastocyst Prediction of Day-3 Cleavage-Stage Embryos Using Machine Learning

Background: Embryo selection plays an important role in the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, morphological embryo assessment has a number of limitations, including the time required, lack of accuracy, and inconsistency. This study determined whether a machine learning-based model could predict blastocyst formation using day-3 embryo images. Methods: Day-3 embryo images from IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles performed at My Duc Phu Nhuan Hospital between August 2018 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed to inform model development. Day-3 embryo images derived from two-pronuclear (2PN) zygotes with known blastocyst formation data were extracted from the CCM-iBIS time-lapse incubator (Astec, Japan) at 67 hours post ICSI, and labeled as blastocyst/non-blastocyst based on results at 116 hours post ICSI. Images were used as the input dataset to train (85%) and validate (15%) the convolutional neural network (CNN) model, then model accuracy was determined using the training and validation dataset. The performance of 13 experienced embryologists for predicting blastocyst formation based on 100 day-3 embryo images was also evaluated. Results: A total of 1,135 images were allocated into training ([Formula: see text] 967) and validation ([Formula: see text] 168) sets, with an even distribution for blastocyst formation outcome. The accuracy of the final model for blastocyst formation was 97.72% in the training dataset and 76.19% in the validation dataset. The final model predicted blastocyst formation from day-3 embryo images in the validation dataset with an area under the curve of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–0.81). Embryologists predicted blastocyst formation with the accuracy of 70.07% (95% CI 68.12%–72.03%), sensitivity of 87.04% (95% CI 82.56%–91.52%), and specificity of 30.93% (95% CI 29.35%–32.51%). Conclusions: The CNN-based machine learning model using day-3 embryo images predicted blastocyst formation more accurately than experienced embryologists. The CNN-based model is a potential tool to predict additional IVF outcomes.

Invariance of information modeling of adjoining territory during the lifecycle

The article considers the solution of the problem of development of the unified information model of the adjacent territory with additional assets during all life cycle. The proposed parameterization of the creation of a unified model of the object allows integrating the model of management of the adjacent territory in the unified information model of the real estate object. Figs.: 4. Refs.: 14 titles.

INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPMENT OF GIFTED PERSONALITY (BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE “UNIVERSITY OF THE GIFTED CHILD” AT VASYL STEFANYK PRECARPATHIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY)

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of the “University of the Gifted Child” at Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University on the development of gifted students through the prism of the use of innovative teaching methods. One of the key tasks of the RMC “University of the Gifted Child” is the development of academic, aesthetic, sports, practical, other types of giftedness of children and scientific and methodological support of this process; creating an appropriate methodological complex on child development, development of classes, didactic material; introduction of experimental and innovative activities, development of information models of education and development of the child, intellectual information environments for educational purposes, etc. Teachers and students build their work with children on the basis of coaching.

Development of historic building information modelling: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a process used for new buildings but has been used in existing and heritage buildings since 2008. Historic BIM (HBIM) offers historians, architects, engineers, managers the opportunity to collaborate. Thus, it makes the realization of stages such as conservation, project design and management of heritage buildings systematic and easy. Missing data, documents, and archiving problems are typical issues encountered when protecting heritage buildings. Researchers aim to develop HBIM to resolve these issues, and thus intelligently document, interpret, and manage complex and culturally significant heritage buildings. In this paper, a systematic literature review is conducted on studies published between 2009 and 2020 on the HBIM concept and process. In total, 194 primary studies have been determined on the HBIM process and stages. By examining these studies, an up-to-date workflow was created for the usage areas and process of HBIM. The tools, methods, and software that may be required during HBIM implementation and possible difficulties that may be encountered are explained. Also, it is foreseen that HBIM will replace the traditional survey and restoration process in the near future.