Water Flow Research Articles

Snowmelt-mediated isotopic homogenization of shallow till soil

Abstract. The hydrological cycle of sub-arctic areas is dominated by the snowmelt event. An understanding of the mechanisms that control water fluxes during high-volume infiltration events in sub-arctic till soils is needed to assess how future changes in the timing and magnitude of snowmelt can affect soil water storage dynamics. We conducted a tracer experiment in which deuterated water was used to irrigate a plot on a forested hilltop in Lapland, tracked water fluxes of different mobility and monitored how the later snowmelt modifies the labelled soil water storage. We used lysimeters and destructive soil coring for soil water sampling and monitored and sampled the groundwater. Large spatiotemporal variability between the waters of different mobility was observed in the subsurface, while surface water flow during the tracer experiment was largely controlled by a fill-and-spill mechanism. Extensive soil saturation induced the flow of labelled water into the roots of nearby trees. We found that labelled water remained in deeper soil layers over the winter, but the snowmelt event gradually displaced all deuterated water and fully homogenized all water fluxes at the soil–vegetation interface. The conditions required for the full displacement of the old soil water occur only during a snowmelt with a persistently high groundwater table. We propose a conceptual model where infiltration into the soil and eventual soil water replenishment occur in three stages. First, unsaturated macropore flow is initiated via the surface microtopography and is directed towards the groundwater storage. The second stage is characterized by groundwater rise through the macropore network, subsequent pore water saturation and increased horizontal connectivity of macropores. Shallow subsurface lateral fluxes develop in more permeable shallow soil layers. In the third stage, which materializes during a long period with a high groundwater table and high hydrological connectivity within the soil, the soil water is replenished via enhanced matrix flow and pore water exchange with the macropore network.

Towards Water Systems Security and Sustainability Using Deep Learning

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) face significant challenges due to varying influent conditions, multiple operational constraints, and a constant lack of reliable datasets to manage and monitor water quality and flow using automated approaches. This paper introduces a novel framework showcasing soft sensors that are aimed at enhancing the sustainability and security of wastewater quality indicators using deep learning. We develop a trustworthy soft sensor that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to provide nitrate NO3 predictions at the WWTP, as well as context-based evaluations to estimate overall predictive uncertainty. Contextual elements are injected into the model to allow for more accurate and relevant water quality monitoring, especially in different conditions (such as rain and snow). In addition, in this paper, we present a time-series Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), namely H2OGAN to address data scarcity and to improve model training by generating synthetic data that mirrors the statistical properties of water datasets from both controlled and real-world environments. Data in turn also train against data poisoning attacks on water supply systems, rendering these systems more secure. Our results indicate the potential uses of the integration of soft sensors and H2OGAN to significantly improve the operational efficiency of WWTPs by providing robust AI-driven tools for offering secure and sustainable water monitoring solutions.

Opposed east-west climate response of the Arctic Ocean during the present interglacial

The role of the Arctic Ocean in the global climate system during the last climatic cycles remains conjectural, but radiocarbon-based chronologies and proxy data provide reliable information about the present interglacial. In the western Arctic, paleoceanographic data demonstrate a linkage between increasing Pacific water fluxes, resulting from the postglacial submergence of the Bering Strait, and the progressive warming, until climate conditions stabilized when sea level reached its present-day limit during the late Holocene. Meanwhile, the southeastern Arctic Ocean evolved from optimal conditions toward a perennial sea ice cover with cooling. We hypothesize that sea level, which determines the depth of Bering Strait and the submergence of the Arctic shelves, has led to enhanced production of seasonal sea ice and an increased freshwater export to the North Atlantic Ocean, since the onset of the present interglacial until preindustrial time.

Piezoelectric Actuator-Driven Pulsed Water Jet for Neurosurgery: Laboratory Evaluation with the Swine Model and Implications of Mechanical Properties.

Pulsed water jet is an emerging surgical instrumentation intended to achieve both maximal lesion resection and functional maintenance through preservation of fine vessels and minimal damage to the surrounding tissue. The piezoelectric actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) is a new technology that can deliver a precisely controlled uniform and efficient pulsed water jet with minimum water flow. The present study evaluated the ADPJ system in preclinical animal studies in the swine brain, and investigated breaking strength, one of the parameters for mechanical properties, to elucidate the mechanism of tissue selectivity for tissue dissection by the water jet. This system consisted of a pump chamber driven by a piezoelectric actuator, a stainless steel tube, and a nozzle (internal diameter: 0.15 mm). Water was supplied at 6 ml/min. The relationship between input voltage (3-25 V at 400 Hz) and peak pressure was measured using a pressure sensor through a sensing hole. The temporal profile of dissection depth during moving application was evaluated using gelatin brain phantom and swine brain. The dissected specimens were evaluated histologically. The mechanical property (breaking strength) of the swine brain was measured by a compact table-top universal tester. Peak pressure increased linearly with increase in input voltage, which reflected the dissection depth in both the gelatin brain phantom and swine brain. Small arteries were preserved, and minimum damage to surrounding tissues occurred. The breaking strength of the arachnoid membrane (0.12 ± 0.014 MPa) was significantly higher compared with the gray matter (0.030 ± 0.010 MPa) and white matter (0.056 ± 0.009 MPa; p < 0.05). The breaking strength of the gray matter corresponded to that of 3 wt% gelatin, and that of white matter corresponded to a value between 3.5 and 4 wt% gelatin, and the dissection depth seemed to be estimated at 3 to 4 wt% gelatin. The present study suggests that the ADPJ system has the potential to achieve accurate tissue dissection with preservation of blood vessels in neurosurgery. The difference in breaking strength may explain the tissue selectivity between the brain parenchyma and tissue protected by the arachnoid membrane.

Numerical Simulations Using iRIC Nays2DH for Sediment Transport Behaviors in Dam Breach Tests

After the breach of a landslide dam, the sediment in the breach opening will be carried downstream by the breach flood. The river channel will also be eroded by the flood, resulting in bed load transport. Three large-scale dam breach tests were conducted to investigate the sediment transport behavior after a dam breach. The topography data of the creek channel were measured before and after the dam breach tests to understand the sediment transport behavior. The sediment transport simulations of the dam breach tests were conducted using the iRIC Nays2DH software. The simulations focused on three types of test setups: the single dam, single dam with a spur dike, and double dam models. The terrain (DEM) for the numerical model input was designated based on the LiDAR results, and a flow hydrograph during the dam breach tests was applied. The accuracy of the simulations was assessed using the “coverage index” and “mean absolute percentage error”. A numerical parametrical study was performed to find the major parameters that influenced the simulations. The results showed that the dynamic behavior of water flow and sediment during the dam breach processes were effectively captured by the iRIC Nays2DH simulation, but with limitations. The average flow velocity of the flood in the single dam case was the fastest among the three types of dam breaches. Due to the contraction of the creek channel caused by the spur dike, severe erosion occurred locally, and the flow rate increased in the narrowed section. Water impoundment between the two dams after the first dam breach and the consequent breach of the second dam were also well-simulated for the double dam breach. The findings and simulations in this study help explain dam breaches better and can guide researchers working on sediment transport during dam-breach floods.

Thermal performance analysis of the novel medium-depth borehole heat exchanger (MDBHE) coupled photovoltaic photothermal (PV/T) heat pump domestic hot water supply system

ABSTRACT As global energy demand continues to rise and traditional energy sources increasingly fail to meet sustainability targets, conventional domestic hot water systems that rely exclusively on either geothermal or solar energy face inefficiencies and seasonal limitations. To tackle these issues, this study introduces an innovative domestic hot water supply system combining MDBHE with a PV/T heat pump and investigates its thermal performance. This system utilizes thermal energy to elevate the temperature of water extracted from the MDBHE, while supplying power through photovoltaic electricity. The results indicate that increasing the circulating water flow rate improves the heat extraction capacity of the MDBHE. However, this also leads to higher flow resistance and an increased power requirement for the circulating water pump. Additionally, at a circulating water flow rate of 32 m3/h, the system fails to extract heat from geothermal energy when the inlet temperature exceeds 34.5°C. Furthermore, with a PV/T module area of 2000 m2, solar radiation intensity of 600 W/m2, and MDBHE depth of 2000 m, the system can attain a maximum water supply temperature of 50.9°C, with solar energy contributing 63%. Moreover, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system can reach 5.8, outperforming conventional systems.

Floods and Structural Anthropogenic Barriers (Roads and Waterworks) Affecting the Natural Flow of Waters: Hydraulic Modelling and Proposals for the Final Section of the River Segura (Spain)

Floods and Structural Anthropogenic Barriers (Roads and Waterworks) Affecting the Natural Flow of Waters: Hydraulic Modelling and Proposals for the Final Section of the River Segura (Spain)

Preparation of hydrophilic PVDF membranes through in situ assembly of phytate-polyethyleneimine-Fe3+ for efficient separation of herbal volatile oil from oily water.

In the realm of oil-water separation technologies, membrane-based separation emerges as an efficacious approach. Nevertheless, crafting a hydrophilic membrane capable of effectively segregating herbal volatile oil remains a formidable challenge. Our study introduces a facile in situ assembly strategy for fabricating a double-crosslinked composite coating comprising phytate (PA)-polyethyleneimine (PEI) polyelectrolyte complexes and PA-Fe3⁺ assemblies. The PA within the PA-PEI/Fe3⁺ coatings form a double cross-linking layer through interactions with amine groups and metal ions, thereby enhancing interfacial interactions and structural integrity of the membranes. Consequently, the resultant PVDF/PA-PEI/Fe3⁺ membranes exhibit improved coating stability, pronounced hydrophilicity, and exceptional antifouling capabilities, rendering them highly suitable for the separation of diverse herbal volatile oil-in-water emulsions. Furthermore, they possess the capability for reuse with an average retention ratio exceeding 90% and a pure water flux reaching up to 3200 L·m⁻2·h⁻1. Additionally, they demonstrate long-term stability and resistance to corrosion. With a simplistic yet efficient preparation process, the PVDF/PA-PEI/Fe3⁺ membrane holds significant potential for the extraction of oils from herbal volatile oil-in-water emulsions.

Monitoring Activity of the Subglacial Lake Mercer Based on CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 Altimetry Data from 2011 to 2023

Abstract. Active subglacial lakes are capable of exchanging and transporting water through water flow paths, thus having an important impact on ice sheet movement and even on the regional mass balance. The use of satellite altimetry can indirectly reveal internal subglacial hydrological activity through direct surface elevation observation, which plays an important role in the study of the evolution of active subglacial lakes. This paper monitors and analyzes the activity of the subglacial lake Mercer (SLM) in the Whillans and Mercer Ice Stream (WIS/MIS), using data from the CryoSat-2 satellite radar altimetry and ICESat-2 satellite laser altimetry. We adopt the differential DEM model and the repeat orbit model based on their respective data characteristics. Finally, we reveal the temporal and spatial evolution patterns of SLM during 2011-2023, and construct the elevation anomaly time series. The results show that the central and western parts of SLM were the areas with more significant elevation anomalies, and there were three significant fill-drain cycles during the time periods studied in this research, with the elevation anomaly range reaching about 8 m and 4 m for the first and second cycles, respectively, and the lake is currently in the third significant draining phase. Furthermore, the elevation anomalies obtained during the mission overlap time of CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 data are in good agreement, which confirms the accuracy of our method.

Growth Response of Kappaphycus Alvarezii at Different Depth in the Waters of Batu Bao, East Nusa Tenggara

ABSTRACT Seaweed is one of the important fisheries commodities with significant economic value. Kappaphycus alvarezii, commonly known as Eucheuma cottoni in the market, is a type of seaweed that produces kappa carrageenan. This research aims to determine the effective planting depth for the growth, morphological and histological changes, and the environmental parameters influencing the growth of K. alvarezii. The cultivation method used in this research is the longline method, and it employs a Completely Randomized Design consisting of four treatments: 15cm, 30cm, 45cm, and 60cm, with each treatment replicated five times. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if significant differences were found, Duncan's post hoc test was conducted. The research results indicate that an increase in planting depth has a significant impact on specific growth rate (SGR) and average growth rate (AGR). Deeper planting depths result in slower growth. The best depth for the growth, morphology, and histology of K. alvarezii during the study was observed at a depth of 15 cm. Environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, water flow rate, water clarity, and pH have a positive influence on the growth of K. alvarezii.

Characterization and prediction of hydraulic properties of traffic-compacted forest soils based on soil information and traffic treatments

Key messageThe hydraulic properties of compacted and rutted soils were evaluated through in-situ infiltration experiments and predicted based on soil texture class and traffic treatments. A significant decrease in saturated soil water content and soil hydraulic conductivity at saturation was observed. The resulting soil hydraulic parameters, when integrated into a soil water transfer model, effectively simulated water dynamics in these impacted forest soils, providing a crucial first step toward developing decision support tools for real-time trafficability. This approach can assist forest managers in minimizing the extent of soil compaction.ContextTo overcome trafficability issues of forest soils induced by heavy logging machinery, planning support tools are needed to determine suitable soil moisture conditions for traffic.AimsThis study aimed to identify the soil properties that differ significantly between undisturbed and compacted soils and to provide several estimation tools to predict the hydraulic properties of compacted soils beneath the skid trails.MethodsFour hundred seventeen water infiltration tests were conducted on 19 forest sites, mostly in North-eastern France, and analysed with the BEST method to estimate the hydraulic properties of the skid trails and undisturbed soils. The hydraulic properties of the skid trails were predicted thanks to linear mixed effect models using a bulk treatment effect, a site effect, or a skid trail degradation score. The predicted hydraulic properties were tested using a water flow model to assess their relevance regarding the prediction of water dynamics in skid trails.ResultsThe compaction effect was only significant for the logarithm of the hydraulic conductivity at saturation (log10(Ksat)) and the soil water content at saturation (θsat). For the skid trails, θsat was reduced by - 0.02 and − 0.11 m3m−3 in the 0 − 10 cm and 15 − 25 cm layers respectively, compared to undisturbed topsoil (0 − 10 cm). log10(Ksat) was reduced by − 0.38 and − 0.85 for skid trails in the 0 − 10 and 15 − 25 cm soil layers respectively, compared to undisturbed topsoil. The use of a pedotransfer function, in replacement of water infiltration tests, and their combination with the same correction coefficients proved to efficiently simulate the difference in water dynamics between skid trails and undisturbed forest soils.ConclusionEstimation of soil hydraulic properties based on in situ water infiltration experiments proved efficient to simulate water dynamics in compacted and rutted forest soils. Yet, further studies are needed to identify the most adapted pedotransfer function to forest soils and to test the generalisation of our findings in different conditions, especially deeply rutted soils (rut depths > 12 cm).

A new method to improve the thermal performance of high-level water collecting cooling tower based on the migration of vortices

This study proposes a novel annular inlet hat structure designed to address internal vortex flow within high-level water collecting cooling towers (HCTs). To investigate the effect mechanism of inlet hat, a three-dimensional numerical model for an HCT equipped with inlet hat was developed, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the flow and temperature fields, as well as several performance parameters. The results manifest that the inlet hat strengthens the tower thermal performance by migrating the longitudinal vortices from the interior to the exterior and reducing the number of longitudinal vortices induced by crosswinds. The strengthening effect of inlet hat shows minimal variation when its width exceeds 8 m. Under the studied water flow rates, an 8-m inlet hat results in increases in air mass flow rate, water temperature drop, Merkel number, and evaporation rate by a maximum of 4.3 %, 4.2 %, 6.4 %, and 1.5 %, respectively. In terms of crosswinds, the inlet hat operates with optimal efficiency at a direction of 0° and a velocity of 13 m/s, achieving maximum increases in air mass flow rate, water temperature drop, and Merkel number of 23.3 %, 25.4 %, and 33.6 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and practical value of the proposed inlet hat.

Initial Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic Characteristics at Right-Angle Diversion in a Combined Canal and Pipe Water Conveyance System

To enhance the efficiency of irrigation water utilisation, China is progressively converting irrigation ditches into pipelines. The water distribution outlets in irrigation zones are predominantly right-angled, and there are typically occurrences of erosion, sedimentation, and structural deterioration in the surrounding areas. This article employs a synthesis of indoor physical model experiments and theoretical analysis to examine the distribution of channel flow velocity and variations in water surface profile, pipeline flow rate, diversion ratio, circulation intensity, and turbulence energy across different relative water depths. The experimental results indicate that the water surface adjacent to the main canal wall demonstrates a pattern of initial decline, followed by an increase and subsequently another decline; furthermore, as the water level in the main channel rises, the magnitude of this fluctuation progressively diminishes. In some sections of the canal, the water surface elevation progressively increases, albeit with minimal amplitude. With a constant relative water depth, an increase in main channel flow results in a corresponding increase in pipeline flow; however, the diversion ratio is inversely related to the main channel flow. Conversely, when the main channel flow rate is constant, the diversion ratio increases as relative water depth rises. The vertical flow velocity near the water diversion outlet has a negative value, signifying the existence of a backflow zone, while the horizontal flow velocity varies considerably, facilitating the formation of circulation and resulting in localised deposition and erosion. The water flow near the pipe inlet downstream of the lower lip of 0.5 times the pipe diameter is impacted by the return zone, which has a higher turbulence energy and circulation strength and is more susceptible to siltation. The turbulence energy of the water flow is higher in the range of 0.5 times the pipe diameter upstream and downstream of the pipe inlet. This research is highly significant in facilitating the conversion of irrigation channels into pipelines.

The Regional Scale of Landscape Planning: the Possibilities for Measuring the Effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the measurement of landscape integrity based on ecological support processes in the Federal District, with the aim of defining a multi-scalar and multi-functional Regional Green Infrastructure Network (IVR) based on Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). Theoretical Framework: This topic presents the main concepts and theories that underpin the research. Landscape Ecology, Restoration Ecology, Green Infrastructure and Geodesign stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the research context. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises the analysis of ecological support processes in the landscape, using the multispectral “CO2flux” index, related to the photosynthetic efficiency of vegetation and a proxy for energy, carbon and biomass inputs, which, together with the “Topographic Wetness Index”, related to the flow and accumulation of water and sediment in the landscape, provided the basis for the elaboration of a Geodesign process. Data was collected using multispectral satellite scenes - “Landsat 8”, collected during the dry season. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed the design of a mosaic of “hotspots”, corridors and patches that consolidates and intensifies carbon flows in the Federal District's landscape, with positive impacts on territorial resilience. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in the light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing “insights” into how the results can be applied, or how to influence practices in the field of landscape planning. These implications can cover the design of Nature-Based Solutions at a regional scale, climate mitigation and adaptation actions for territories, and people's access to ecosystem services. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by proposing the design of a regional network of green infrastructures based on the analysis of the flow of ecological support processes in the landscape, considering different demands and goals for environmental recovery. The relevance and value of this research is evidenced by the possibility of planning and designing mosaics in the landscape based on the identification of networks with greater potential for the provision of ecosystem services and, consequently, for the adaptation and mitigation of territories to climate impacts and those resulting from human occupation.

Evolution and morphodynamics of the large braided river Brahmaputra during the last four decades of the Quaternary epoch: a spatio-temporal assessment using geoinformatics

ABSTRACT Spatio-temporal assessment of the evolution and morphodynamics of the Brahmaputra River (BR) can contribute significantly in mitigating challenges offered by rapid urbanisation and climate change. The present remote sensing and geographic information system (RS and GIS) based analysis of the BR revealed an increased Braiding Intensity (BI) from 1976 to 2000, which declined in 2010, and re-emerged in 2020. The average maximum width of the river has generally widened over time and sandbar distribution has exhibited fluctuations. The overall active channel area increased by 1.5 times, and the sandbar area expanded by 1.2 times between 1976 and 2020. The interplay between braiding intensity and width reveals a positive relationship. The sandbar-water ratio reveals a significant prevalence of sandbars in the Brahmaputra River. Furthermore, the study highlights changes in the Bar Development Index (BDI), showing a significant increase in micro-bars and meso-bars but a decrease in macro-bars. With the approach of change detection, key factors observed within the river driving the changes are erosion, channel bifurcations, sandbar formation due to sediment deposition, and sandbar loss due to shifts in channel course. These characteristics are potentially influenced by high water and sediment influx, climate change, and anthropological activities.

Comparison of Hollow Fiber and Flat Sheet Membranes for Removing TDS and Turbidity of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Wastewater

The most significant pollutant produced from agricultural industry in Kalimantan, Indonesia is Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Due to the high levels of suspended particles and organic matter, POME has become a brownish color with high turbidity, color, chemical oxygen demand, and oil and grease content. To recycle the POME wastewater as clean water, these pollutants must be eliminated. In this study, we compare the effectiveness of hollow fiber (HF) and flat sheet (FS) membrane to remove total dissolved solid (TDS) and turbidity from POME with varied filtration pressure. HF and FS membrane were prepared from PVDF and nylon66 polymer, respectively. The PVDF HF membrane was modified using TiO2 and SBE (spent bleaching earth) to improve HF membrane properties to maintaining fouling. Meanwhile, FS membrane was added by pectin to increase the hydrophilic properties. Overall membrane’s morphology was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate the membrane structure. Both of HF and FS membrane were operated via ultrafiltration (UF) under cross flow system. The filtration pressures were varied at 1-3 bar and followed by flux and rejection evaluation. The results show both HF and FS membranes has stability flux. In addition, TDS rejection up to 25% while turbidity is excellent high over 95% for all membranes. The fabrication HF membrane has finger like-sponge structure and FS membrane exhibits sponge asymmetric structure. Overall, all membranes perform highest water flux (FS membrane) while highest rejection conducted by HF membrane for POME wastewater treatment.

Single-cell analysis of osmoregulation reveals heterogeneity of aquaporin 4 functionality in human astrocytes.

The water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) contributes to water flow and waste removal across the blood-brain barrier and its levels, organization and localization are perturbed in various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease. This renders AQP4 a potentially valuable therapeutic target. However, most functional assays aimed at identifying modulators of AQP4 function are performed with primary rodent cells and do not consider inter-cellular variations in AQP4 abundance and presentation. To address this, we have established and applied a robust live cell microscopy assay that captures the contribution of AQP4 in the osmotically driven (de-)quenching of the vital dye Calcein-AM with single-cell resolution. Using human astrocytoma cells, we found that performing measurements on cellular regions instead of whole fields of view yielded a more sensitive readout of the osmotic response, which correlated with AQP4 abundance. Stable co-expression of the two major AQP4 isoforms, but not of the individual isoforms, provoked a faster adaptation to osmotic changes, while siRNA-mediated knockdown of AQP4 had the opposite effect. Post-hoc correlation with the canonical membrane marker CD44 revealed that the speed of the osmotic response scaled with AQP4 membrane enrichment. Coating the substrate with laminin promoted AQP4 membrane enrichment, while cell confinement with fixed-size micropatterns further increased the speed of osmoregulation, underscoring the influence of extracellular factors. The osmotic response of primary fetal astrocytes and human iPSC-derived astrocyte models was comparable to AQP4-deficient astrocytoma cells, in line with their low AQP4 levels and indicative of their immature state. In conclusion, a correlative single-cell approach based on the quantification of Calcein-AM quenching capacity, AQP4 abundance and AQP4 membrane enrichment, allows resolving osmoregulation in a more sensitive manner and reveals heterogeneity between and within human astrocyte (-like) cultures, which could prove crucial for future screens aimed at identifying AQP4 modulators.

Swimming performance of adults and copepodites of Caligus rogercresseyi against different water flow speeds in presence or absence of light and host fish attractants

Swimming performance of adults and copepodites of Caligus rogercresseyi against different water flow speeds in presence or absence of light and host fish attractants

Dating an ancient spring tunnel using archaeological artefacts functioning as nuclei of cave pearls

AbstractCave pearls are spherical concentric speleothems growing radially around nuclei in shallow pools saturated with calcite. They are very rare in the Southern Levant. We present a unique assemblage of 50 cave pearls found in the Iron Age Joweizeh artificial spring tunnel in the Jerusalem Hills of Israel. Some of these deposits represent the first global evidence of formation on archaeological artefacts: pottery sherds and ancient plaster. Multi‐analyses were conducted to date and characterize the different nuclei and pearls. Charcoal samples extracted from the plaster nuclei of two pearls were 14C dated to the Hellenistic period. Two pearls were formed on sherds of Hellenistic lamps. XPS found Co colour remains, suggesting both had been imported. The Hellenistic date is also supported by archaeomagnetic dates of seven other pottery nuclei. Most Hellenistic remains are probably the outcome of a renovation campaign in the tunnel. Four pearls were sampled for stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O). The range of δ18O values from the Joweizeh pearls is compatible with the Holocene Soreq and Jerusalem caves’ records. The δ13C differences between Joweizeh and Soreq indicate local changes in the overlying vegetation throughout history. The various lines of evidence enabled us to characterize the pearls’ formation process, reconstruct the Joweizeh spring tunnel's hydraulic environment and detect changes that occurred in its water flow regime throughout history.

Enhancing ambidextrous green innovation: the role of green supply chain integration, knowledge capabilities and technology dynamism in manufacturing

PurposeIn the context of the environmental degradation challenge in manufacturing firms, greening the supply chain (SC) is the most widely endorsed method to mitigate the adverse repercussions of climate change. Based on organizational learning and resource dependence theories, the aim of this research is to know how green supply chain external integration (GSCEI) and green supply chain internal integration (GSCII) influence ambidextrous green innovation (AGI). It also examines the mediating roles of green absorptive capacity (GAC) and green knowledge integration capability (GKIC), as well as the moderating role of green technology dynamism (GTD).Design/methodology/approachTo assess the hypothesized model, data were obtained with 386 questionnaires from managers employed in manufacturing firms in Pakistan applying a cross-sectional approach. A partial least square structural equation modeling technique was implemented to evaluate the data.FindingsThe results revealed that GSCEI and GSCII substantially impact AGI. Moreover, GAC and GKIC serve as mediators between GSCEI and AGI. GAC and GKIC also intervene in the relationship between GSCII and AGI. GTD was significant as a moderator for the correlation between GSCEI and AGI. However, it does not moderate the relationship between GSCII and AGI.Practical implicationsThis research offers significant comprehension and an innovative approach for manufacturing organizations to curb environmental corrosion by stimulating AGI through green SC integration. It suggests to practitioners that integrating internal knowledge with external partners expands communication and collaboration to ensure that resources connected with environmental preservation flow smoothly.Originality/valueThis research is a valuable addition to the field, as it explores for the first time the missing link among the studied constructs. It opened the black box of how knowledge-related capabilities facilitate knowledge resources to elicit AGI, an area that has not yet been explored.