Influence Of TiO Research Articles

Influence of TiO2 nanostructures on anti-adhesion and photoinduced bactericidal properties of thin film composite membranes

This work investigates the influence of TiO2 nanostructures on the anti-adhesion and photoinduced bactericidal properties of thin film composite (TFC) membranes.

Comparative Study on the Influence of TiO2 Precursors on ZnO-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

We report the rational surface engineering of ZnO photoanode films by strict control of the TiO2 precursors for the facile design of hybrid structures and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with increased energy conversion efficiencies. The effects of typical Ti sources [i.e., tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT), titanium isopropoxide (TTIP), and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4)] on the ZnO film morphology, charge transfer, and DSSC performance were investigated systematically. The testing results revealed that TBOT-treated ZnO film exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) and short circuit current density (Jsc) of 4.92% and 12.49 mA/cm2, respectively, which were largely improved compared with those of TTIP- and TiCl4-treated ZnO films under the same conditions. The excellent performance of TBOT-treated ZnO is mainly ascribed to improved light harvesting and increased charge-recombination resistance. Therefore, TBOT can be considered as a promising alternative for constructing TiO2/ZnO hybrid structur...

Titanium dioxide and carbon co-modified lithium manganese silicate cathode materials with improved electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries

Abstract A new composite of TiO 2 and carbon co-coated Li 2 MnSiO 4 has been successfully prepared for the first time. The influence of TiO 2 on the structure and electrochemical performance is investigated by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, EIS and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests. The results indicate that TiO 2 and carbon have been successfully coated on the surface of Li 2 MnSiO 4 without altering its orthorhombic structure. When assembled as cathode, the electrochemical performance is significantly improved after coating TiO 2 . Specially, 3 wt.% TiO 2 coated Li 2 MnSiO 4 /C can display a discharge capacity of 186 mAh g − 1 at 0.1 C, and 78 mAh g − 1 is remained after 25 cycles at 0.5 C. This excellent electrochemical performance is due to the reason that TiO 2 and carbon hybrid layer are coated on the surface of Li 2 MnSiO 4 , which can alleviate the structural collapse and Mn dissolution in the electrolyte during charge–discharge process. In addition, the smaller charge transfer resistance and the larger lithium ion diffusion coefficient also contribute to the superior electrochemical performance.

Effect of TiO2-SiO2-SnOx film with different firing temperatures on bond strength of low-fusing dental porcelain to pure titanium

To evaluate the influence of TiO(2)-SiO(2)-SnOx nano-coatings with different firing temperatures on the bond strength of low-fusing dental porcelain to pure titanium. The surface of pure titanium was coated uniformly with TiO(2)-SiO(2)-SnOx nano-coatings by solution-gelatin (Sol-Gel) technology and then fired at 300 °C (group A) or 750 °C (group B) for 1 h. The specimens without any coatings were the control group (group C). There were 10 specimens in each group. Dental porcelain was sintered on the surface of titanium specimens. Surface roughness and contact angle of the coatings were also detected. The titanium-porcelain bond strength was investigated according to YY 0621-2008 standards using three-point flexure bond test. The phase composition of the TiO(2)-SiO(2)-SnOx nano-coatings was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD). The interface of titanium-porcelain and TiO(2)-SiO(2)-SnOx nano-coatings were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). No rutile phase was found in these specimens of group A and group B. The surface roughness of group A, B, C was (0.97 ± 0.06), (0.99 ± 0.03), (0.96 ± 0.07) µm, respectively. No significant difference was found among the three groups. Compared with that of group C (64.37° ± 3.01°), contact angles detected in group A (52.04° ± 3.15°) and group B (85.27° ± 4.17°) were significantly different (P < 0.05). The bond strength of titanium-porcelain in group A [(35.66 ± 2.65) MPa] was significantly increased compared with those in group B [(26.18 ± 2.22) MPa] and group C [(31.66 ± 3.52) MPa]. SEM photomicrographs of titanium-porcelain interface morphology of the specimens before porcelain sintering showed that TiO(2)-SiO(2)-SnOx nano-coatings in group A were compact and homogeneous with petty cracks and those in group B was loose and arranged disorderly. TiO(2)-SiO(2)-SnOx nano-coating fired at 300 °C is significantly effective in improving the titanium-porcelain bond strength.

Dynamic Mechanical and Gel Content Properties of Irradiated ENR/PVC blends with TiO2 Nanofillers

Numerous studies reported on irradiated epoxidized natural rubber/polyvinyl chloride (ENR/PVC) blends and the blends were found miscible at all compositional range thus it offers a broad of opportunity in modifying the blend characteristic. Addition of low loading titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanofillers in the ENR/PVC blends has shown a remarkable increment in tensile strength. Thus, this study was initiated to address the effect of TiO 2 nanofillers on ENR/PVC blends dynamic mechanical and gel content properties and its morphology upon exposure to electron beam irradiation. ENR/PVC blends with addition of 0, 2 and 6 phr TiO 2 nanofillers were first blended in a mixing chamber before being irradiated by an electron beam accelerator at different 0-200 kGy irradiation doses. The influence of TiO 2 nanofillers on the irradiation crosslinking of ENR/PVC blends was study based on the dynamic mechanical analysis which was carried out in determining the glass transition temperature and the storage modulus behavior of ENR/PVC blends incorporated with TiO 2 nanofillers. Formations of irradiation crosslinking in the blend were investigated by gel content measurement. While, the TiO 2 nanofillers distribution were examined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Upon irradiation, the ENR/PVC/6 phr TiO 2 formed the highest value of gel fraction. For dynamic mechanical analysis, it was found that electron beam radiation increased the Tg of all the compositions. The relationship between the crosslinking and the stiffness of the nanocomposites also can be found in this study. The enhancement in the storage modulus and Tg at higher amount of TiO 2 in the blend could be correlated to the enhancement of the irradiation-induced crosslinking in the nanocomposites characteristic and also with the higher agglomerations of TiO 2 evidence shown from the TEM micrograph examination. Lastly, the dimensions of TiO 2 in the blends were found less than 100 nm in diameter which indicates incorporation of TiO 2 nanofillers in ENR/PVC blends is potentially to provide the nanocomposites features. Doi : 10.12777/ijse.6.1.24-30 [How to cite this article: Ramlee, N.A. , Ratnam, C.T., Alias, N.H., Rahman, M.F.A. . 2014. Dynamic Mechanical and Gel Content Properties of Irradiated ENR/PVC blends with TiO 2 Nanofillers. International Journal of Science and Engineering , 6(1),24-30. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.6.1.24-30 ]

The influence of TiO$_{2}$ nanostructure properties on the performance of TiO$_{2}$-based anodes in lithium ion battery applications

We investigated the properties of 7 different titanium dioxide nanostructures with different crystal structures (3 anatase, 2 rutile, and 2 mixed anatase--rutile phase). Nanoparticle samples and mesoporous sphere samples were investigated. Even for the same crystal structure, significant variations in performance were observed for anatase titania samples, while 2 rutile samples exhibited similar performance inferior to anatase-based anodes. Mixed-phase samples also exhibited lower specific capacity compared to the best performing anatase samples, and in this case a significant difference in performance was observed between nanoparticles and mesoporous spheres.

Influence of TiO2Surface Properties on Water Pollution Treatment and Photocatalytic Activity

/g), and the other chemicals were of AR (Analy-tical reagent) grade and procured from Sinopharm ChemicalReagent Co., Ltd. (China). Distilled water was used to pre-pare the solutions. A Degussa P25 catalyst provided by theDegussa Company (Germany) was used without furthermodification throughout this work. Its main physical para-meters are as follows: S

Influence of TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and Bio-Solution Based Additives on Exhaust Emissions of a DI Diesel Engine

This study presents the use of bio-solution and nano-Titanium dioxide (TiO2) based additives for dosing in diesel and palm biodiesel (B5). The aim of this work is to enhance the performance of a direct injection (DI) engine and to simultaneously reduce the exhaust gas emissions. The basic properties such as kinematic viscosity, specific gravity, flash point, fire point, and carbon residue of the test fuels were measured and accepted in ASTM standards. Overall, diesel-bio-solution and diesel-TiO2 blends show the lower break specific fuel consumption by 13% and 10%, respectively and the lower exhaust gas emissions, as compared with diesel. B5-bio-solution blend provides the break specific fuel consumption decreased by 1.68%, while exhaust emissions were effectively increased in comparison with B5 fuel.

Refractive index investigation of poly(vinyl alcohol) films with TiO2 nanoparticle inclusions

The refractive index (RI) of polymer nanocomposite of poly(vinyl alcohol) films with TiO(2) nanoparticle inclusions with low concentration up to 1.2 wt. % was investigated. Accurate refractometric measurements, by a specially designed laser microrefractometer, were performed at wavelengths 532 and 632.8 nm. The influence of TiO(2) concentration on the RI dispersion curves was predicted based on the well-known Sellmeier model. The theoretical analysis, in a small filling factor approximation, was performed, and a relation between the effective RI of the nanocomposite and weight concentrations of the TiO(2) nanofiller was derived. The experimental values were approximated by two different functions (linear and a quadratic polynom). The polynomial approximation yields better result, where R(2)=0.90.

Influence of TiO2Nanocrystals Fabricating Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell on the Absorption Spectra of N719 Sensitizer

The absorption spectra of N719 sensitizer anchored on the films prepared by TiO2nanocrystals with different morphology and size were investigated for improving the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC). We find that the morphology and size of TiO2nanocrystals can affect the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra of the sensitizer anchored on their surfaces. In particular, the low-energy metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions (MLCT) band in the visible absorption spectra of N719 is strongly affected, and locations of these MLCT bands revealed larger differences. The results indicate that there is a red shift of MLCT band in the spectra obtained by using TiO2nanocrystals with long morphology and large size compared to that in solution. And it produced a larger red-shift on the MLCT band after TiO2nanocrystals with small size mixed with some long nanocrystals. Accordingly, the utilization rate to visible light is increased. This is a reason why the DSC prepared by using such film as a photoelectrode has better performance than before mixing.

Antifungal Effect of Titanium Dioxide, Indoor Light and the Photocatalytic Process in In Vitro Test on Different Media

AbstractThe goal of the study was to examine the influence of TiO

Synthesis of CdSe and CdSe/TiO 2 nanoparticles under multibubble sonoluminescence condition

CdSe and CdSe/TiO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized under multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) condition. The influences of TiO 2 introduced as the sensitizer on the morphology and crystal transformation were investigated. The morphology, phase and optical properties of the final products have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscope, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results showed that as-prepared nanoparticles are well-crystallized, and the suppression of crystal pattern transition as well as the control of CdSe crystal growth can be implemented by coupling of TiO 2 semiconductor. Furthermore, the possible growth mechanism for different morphologies and crystal phases of the nanocrystals were also discussed.

Generation of hydrogen from aluminum and water – Effect of metal oxide nanocrystals and water quality

Metal Oxides nanocrystals such as TiO 2, Co 3O 4, Cr 2O 3, Fe 2O 3, Mn 2O 3, NiO, CuO and ZnO were used as modifiers on the metallic aluminum (Al) powders for the production of hydrogen in deionized water or tap water at room temperature. In particular, the influences of TiO 2 nanocrystals with various crystal sizes on the production of hydrogen from the reaction in tap water under ambient condition were investigated in details. It was found that hydrogen was barely generated from metal Al powders in tap water at 25–45 °C but significantly produced in deionized water above 35 °C without any modifiers. TiO 2, Co 3O 4, and Cr 2O 3 nanocrystals were very effective to promote hydrogen generation from the reaction of Al and deionized water at 25 °C. In addition, while other oxide nanocrystals were ineffective to promote hydrogen generation in tap water, TiO 2 nanocrystals (P90, ∼14 nm in diameter) were found to be highly effective in facilitating the production of hydrogen from the reaction of Al with tap water, comparable to the well-known γ-Al 2O 3. The production of hydrogen over time was found to be dependent on the passive layer of metal Al, where Al(OH) 3 plays an important role during reaction. Pitting is proposed as the major mechanism behind the production of hydrogen in the nanocrystals TiO 2 (P90)-modified Al/tap water system, which is thought to be originated from point defects, and differ considerably from the uniform corrosion model.

A novel cellulose acetate (CA) membrane using TiO 2 nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and permeation study

CA/TiO 2 hybrid membranes were prepared via phase inversion by dispersing TiO 2 nanopaticles in the CA casting solutions. TiO 2 nanoparticles, which were synthesized by the sonochemical method, were added into the casting solution in different concentrations. The influence of TiO 2 on the morphology and thermal stability of the CA/TiO 2 membranes were investigated through the methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Permeation performance of the prepared membranes was evaluated in terms of pure water flux (PWF) and water content (WC). SEM results show that addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles cause that the hybrid membrane becomes more porous because of increasing in the mean pore size. TGA results show that the interaction exists between the TiO 2 nanopaticles and CA. Also the thermal stability of the hybrid membrane was improved by the addition of TiO 2 nanopaticles. The membranes PWF shows that addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles leads to the water permeation increase.

Influence of TiO2 morphological parameters in dye photodegradation: A comparative study in peroxo-based synthesis

Morphologically different TiO2 nanocrystals were prepared by oxidant-peroxo method (OPM) synthesis. Morphological characterization was performed with the use of field emission gun-scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and low temperature N2 adsorption. The photocatalytic behavior of synthesized TiO2 powders was studied in the reaction of Rhodamine B photodegradation in water. The trials showed that synthesis performed at pH value around 8 generated materials with higher photoactivities than at other pH values. Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure part of the absorption spectra, photoluminescence spectroscopy and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy measurements were performed to investigate why the materials had different photoactivities. Two dominant particle characteristics, which came from synthesis environment, interfered in the photoactivity of materials. These characteristics were surface hydroxylation, which had a positive effect on photocatalysis, and crystalline defects due to crystal growth, which had a deleterious effect on photocatalysis. Both characteristics increased with an increase in synthesis pH value. Dye degradation mechanism in water, an oxidation by hydroxyl radicals, was used to explain the different photoactivities and the optimum synthesis pH.

Removal of the hazardous dye—Tartrazine by photodegradation on titanium dioxide surface

The removal of the dye—tartrazine by photodegradation has been investigated using titanium dioxide surface as photocatalyst under UV light. The process was carried out at different pH, catalyst dose, dye concentration and effects of the electron acceptor H 2O 2. It was found that under the influence of TiO 2 as catalyst, the colored solution of the dye became colorless and the process followed a pseudo first order kinetics. The optimum conditions for the degradation of dye were 6 × 10 − 5 M dye concentration, pH of 11, and 0.18 mg/L of catalyst dose. In order to evaluate the effect of electron acceptor, the effect of H 2O 2 on the degradation process was also monitored and it was found that the hydroxyl radical formation and retardation of electron–hole recombination took place simultaneously. The adsorption studies of tartrazine at various dose of TiO 2 followed the Langmuir isotherm trend. In order to determine the quality of waste water, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) measurements were carried out both before and after the treatment and a significant decrease in the values was observed, implying good potential of this technique to remove tartrazine dye from aqueous solutions.

Influence of TiO2 Nanofiber Additives for High Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

TiO2 nanofibers were prepared from a mixture of titanium-tetra-isopropoxide and poly vinyl pyrrolidone by applying the electrospinning method. The samples were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and BET analyses. The diameter of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers is in the range of 70 approximately 160 nm. To improve the short-circuit photocurrent, we added the TiO2 nanofibers in the TiO2 electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). TiO2 nanofibers added in DSSCs can make up to 20% more conversion energy than the conventional DSSC with only TiO2 films only.

Investigation on solar photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 loaded composite: TiO 2/Eggshell, TiO 2/Clamshell and TiO 2/CaCO 3

The TiO 2/Eggshell, TiO 2/Clamshell and TiO 2/CaCO 3 loaded composites were prepared by sol–gel method and characterized by XRD and SEM. Their photocatalytic activities were measured through the degradation of Acid Red B under solar light irradiation. The influences of TiO 2 loaded content, heat-treated temperature and time on the photocatalytic activities were reviewed. The effects of irradiation time and dye initial concentration on the photocatalytic degradation were also investigated. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity can be greatly enhanced by appropriate TiO 2 loaded content.

Influence of TiO&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt; Buffer on Structure and Optical Properties of ZnO Film on Si(100) Substrate

ZnO films were prepared on p-Si (100) substrates by direct current (DC) sputtering with and without TiO 2 buffer. The crystal structures, surface morphologies and optical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). XRD results indicated that the growth mode of ZnO film was changed from strong (002) preferential orientation to several crystal orientations by introducing TiO 2 buffer, and the residual strain was reduced. SEM manifested that ZnO film with TiO 2 buffer had the uniform grain size and flat surface. In addition, stronger ultraviolet emission was observed from ZnO film with TiO 2 than that without at room temperature. The low temperature photoluminescence was investigated to understand the different PL mechanism of ZnO films.

Solar Photochemical Treatment of Winery Wastewater in a CPC Reactor

Degradation of simulated winery wastewater was studied in a pilot-scale compound parabolic collector (CPC) solar reactor. Total organic carbon (TOC) reduction by heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO(2)) and homogeneous photocatalysis with photo-Fenton was observed. The influence of TiO(2) concentration (200 or 500 mg/L) and also of combining TiO(2) with H(2)O(2) or Na(2)S(2)O(8) on heterogeneous photocatalysis was evaluated. Heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO(2), TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) and TiO(2)/S(2)O(8)(2-) is revealed to be inefficient in removing TOC, originating TOC degradation of 10%, 11% and 25%, respectively, at best. However, photo-Fenton experiments led to 46% TOC degradation in simulated wastewater prepared with diluted wine (WV) and 93% in wastewater prepared with diluted grape juice (WG), and if ethanol is previously eliminated from mixed wine and grape juice wastewater (WW) by air stripping, it removes 96% of TOC. Furthermore, toxicity decreases during the photo-Fenton reaction very significantly from 48% to 28%. At the same time, total polyphenols decrease 92%, improving wastewater biodegradability.