Influence Of Corruption Research Articles

The Influence of Government Effectiveness and Corruption on the High Levels of Homicide in Latin America

Most research that has examined the international variation in homicide levels has focused on structural variables, with the suggestion that socio-economic development operates as a cure for violence. In Latin America, development has occurred, but high homicide levels remain, suggesting the involvement of other influencing factors. We posit that government effectiveness and corruption control may contribute to explaining the variation in homicide levels, and in particular in the Latin America region. Our results show that social and economic structural variables are useful but are not conclusive in explaining the variation in homicide levels and that the relationship between homicide, government effectiveness, and corruption control was significant and highly pronounced for countries in the Latin American region. The findings highlight the importance of supporting institutions in improving their effectiveness in Latin America so that reductions in homicide (and improvements in citizen security in general) can be achieved.

The effects of corruption of public officials on the dimensions of financial sustainability of state governments in Mexico

AbstractOne of the most concerning types of corruption of public officials is the one associated with budgeting and financial management in government. This type of corruption represents a structural phenomenon that influences governments' financial sustainability (FS); in other words, corruption impacts the government's capability to consistently meet its financial obligations while continuing to provide public services and infrastructure. A traditional venue of research examines the effects of corruption on economic performance and fiscal conditions of governments. Recent efforts have been dedicated to exploring the effects of corruption of public officials on the size and allocation of public spending and debt. The present investigation contributes to this recent body of the literature by analyzing to what extent corruption of public officials influences the dimensions of FS of state governments in Mexico. FS is a framework to assess how governments meet their financial obligations using different ratios and indicators in five dimensions: cash solvency, budget solvency, long‐term solvency, service‐level solvency for revenues, and the service‐level solvency for expenses. For this analysis, techniques of a dynamic panel of generalized method of moments are used to examine a dataset of 30 state governments in Mexico using census governmental data for the period 2011–2016. The results are conclusive for some dimensions of FS and not conclusive for others, but in general the analysis confirms the influence of corruption of public officials in some of the hypothesized directions of these FS dimensions. Several policy implications are also discussed.

Moderating effects of business-systems corruption on corruption in basic national institutions and electronic government maturity: Insights from a dynamic panel data analysis

Corruption has emerged as a well-debated subject against the backdrop of electronic government (e-government). While e-government has attained a level of sophistication in leading countries, there are countries for which going digital remains comparatively new on their national schedules. Their struggle and lag in reaching maturity in e-government can be attributed to corruption, which is an infamous issue prevalent across the globe and argued to impede technological innovation. Despite such a possibility, there is a paucity of research examining the “corruption–e-government” linkage. This study, hence, adopts the institutional perspective for conceptualizing corruption and seeks to understand the relationship of corruption in basic national institutions and national stakeholder service systems with e-government maturity. Specifically, by grounding the discussion on the agency theory, the rent-seeking theory, and the perspective of institutions as structures of cooperation and power, this study analyses the moderating influence of corruption in a national stakeholder service system (i.e., business systems) on the relationship of corruption in three basic national institutions (i.e., political, legal, and media) with e-government maturity in a country. The hypothesized relationships are empirically validated using a panel data of 94 countries, and the findings confirm that political corruption, legal corruption, and business-systems corruption in a country play vital roles in influencing its e-government maturity. Implications of our results to research and practice are discussed.

African governments and the influence of corruption on the proliferation of cybercrime in Africa: wherein lies the rule of law?

ABSTRACT Recent international and domestic reports have consistently tagged Africa as a haven for cybercriminals and cybercrime perpetration. Most of these reports have attributed the absence of a holistic cybercrime legal framework and lack of implementation as the basis for their conclusion. Arguably, in the absence of a regional cybercrime legal framework to curtail cybercrime's menace in the African sub-region, African state governments have enacted legislation and policies in that regard. This paper argues that the level of corruption in government, private, and public institutions significantly influences cybercrime proliferation in Africa. This is accentuated by greed and the urge to attain greater heights in the African society by whatever means. There is evidence that despite the availability of cybersecurity measures corrupt insiders in private and public institutions relay critical information to cybercriminals to facilitate their criminal intentions. These corrupt insiders aid cybercriminals to bypass security infrastructures put in place by governments and institutions. The implication is that cybercriminals can now effortlessly victimize cybercitizens by using social networks to profile them. Suggestions for, increase surveillance of the cyber space, the better welfare package and increment of workers' emoluments, reducing political leaders' flamboyant lifestyle, amongst others are made as possible solutions.

Plastic pollution and economic growth: The influence of corruption and lack of education

Green economic growth led by technological solutions is often mentioned as a solution for mitigating plastic pollution. However, economic growth appears to be in contradiction to planetary boundaries. By developing two worldwide socio-economic models, for forecasting inadequately managed plastic waste up to the year 2050 across 217 countries and territories, we demonstrate the adverse ecological impacts of the lack of regulatory processes and educational environmental programs. We used country-by-country data from the World Bank for the model estimates. The global cumulative stock of plastic waste that is inadequately managed is predicted to increase from 61–72 million metric tons (MT) in 1990 to 5109–5678 MT by 2050. Four scenario analyses told different stories: The business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, mitigation scenario 1: Capping GDP, mitigation scenario 2: Extending education, and mitigation scenario 3: Fighting corruption. In “capping GDP,” the annual amount of inadequately managed plastic waste slightly increases and reaches 64–119 million MT/year in 2050 instead of 61–110 million MT/year in the BAU scenario. In the “extending education” scenario, the amount decreases by 34% compared to the BAU scenario in 2050. In the “fighting corruption” scenario, the amount decreases by 60%. We provide further details in the country-by-country predictions

Corruption and bank risk-taking: The deterring role of Shari’ah supervision

This paper investigates whether the risk-taking of Islamic banks is differently affected by corruption compared to conventional banks. Indeed, the presence of Shari’ah supervisory boards (SSBs), as a cornerstone of Islamic banking, is expected to deter the influence of corruption on risk-taking for Islamic banks. We consider a matched sample of 70 Islamic and conventional banks operating in 10 OIC (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) countries over the 2012-2017 period. We find consistent evidence that higher levels of corruption are associated with higher bank risk for both conventional and Islamic banks. However, this association is stronger for conventional banks. Furthermore, for Islamic banks, the impact of corruption on risk-taking is significantly reduced with higher representation of females in Shari’ah supervisory boards and higher academic qualifications of board members. The role played by such board members in mitigating the impact of corruption on risk-taking is more effective for Islamic banks than for conventional banks.

MODELLING AND CALCULATION OF THE LEVEL OF CORRUPTION INFLUENCE ON ECONOMIC ENTITIES

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse the impact of corruption on economic entities and develop recommendations for levelling the impact of corruption on their development. Methodology of research. Economic-mathematical and statistical methods were chosen as research tools. In particular, correlation and regression analysis – to diagnose the presence and assessment of the relationship between the Corruption Perceptions Index (СРІ) and the volume of production in terms of large, medium and small enterprises. Also, economic and dynamic modelling – to formalize the dependence of production on the СРІ index in the form of growth curves and to obtain forecast estimates. Findings. The analysis of the influence of corruption on economic entities is carried out. To study corruption and its correlation with business, 3 data sets were worked out: data on the volume of production in the context of industries and size of entrepreneurship; registered cases of corruption; СРІ index. Modelling the dependence of corruption has shown that an increase in resistance to corruption increases the volume of production in a geometric order. Moreover, the model is based on exponential dependence. The forecast is based on CPI estimates – it is optimistic, the fight against corruption should grow in geometric order. Originality. The methodology for estimating the impact of corruption on economic entities based on the application of methods of economic dynamics has been improved, namely, the integration of modelling and forecasting based on correlation analysis and growth curves. As a result, the analysis and assessment of the dynamics of corruption in Ukraine and its impact on economic entities on the basis of indicators: the volume of production, the index of perception of corruption, the number of corruption cases filed in court. Practical value. The obtained results of the model and factor dependences form a significant methodological basis for modelling and calculating the level of influence of corruption on economic entities. Key words: corruption; corruption perception index; business; economic entities; level of influence; modelling.

Management resourcing and government transparency are key drivers of biodiversity outcomes in Southeast Asian protected areas

Protected areas aim to conserve nature by providing safe havens for biodiversity. However, protection from habitat loss, poaching and other threats, is not guaranteed without adequate investment in their management. Here, we examine the relationship between management effectiveness using the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) and trends of 79 populations of mammals and birds in 12 Southeast Asian protected areas from Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. Despite the negative influence of corruption on species population change, we find evidence that adequate financial and human resourcing are important determinants in achieving good biodiversity outcomes. Management resourcing, national government transparency and body size collectively explain 29% of the variation in animal population trends in our model. Our paper contributes to a growing evidence base linking management resourcing shortfalls to declining biodiversity populations in protected areas. Our key findings are relevant to international funding agencies, governments and NGOs, to aid decision making around the allocation of conservation resources in Southeast Asia.

Understanding youths' perception and factors advancing cybercrime (yahoo-yahoo) in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Previous studies on cybercrime in Nigeria have largely been conducted with the intention of understanding its influence on economy and country's reputation, with little attention devoted to youths' perception and issues promoting cybercrime. This study seeks to address this gap by understanding youths' perception and factors advancing cybercrime with a special focus on Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A total of 20 respondents were purposively selected from the identified youth population and the semi-structured interview type was employed to elicit qualitative data from the identified respondents. While the NVivo (v.12) qualitative software was used to identify themes from the transcript interview, the content analysis technique was employed to make sense of the themes. The Rational Choice Theory was used as a theoretical leaning to understand the presuppositions raised in the study. Findings show falsification of identity and impersonation, the use of diabolical powers/charms to hypnotize victims, and the belief system that cybercrime is seen as routine work where wage is expected as perception of cybercrime. Similarly, there is an evidence to support the claim that social media tools are robustly employed to perpetrate cybercrime. On the question of factors advancing cybercrime, the study found poor economic performance and youths‘ unemployment, weak law enforcement agencies and the challenge of corruption, and environmental and peer group influence as factors promoting cybercrime. The study recommends a robust investment on youth empowerment programmes, wealth creation and value orientation in addition to responsive and corrupt-free law enforcement agencies as critical to addressing the scourge of cybercrime.

Influence of Сountry-Specific Determinants on Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises of Europe

A lot of obstacles stand in the way of small and medium enterprises formation. One of the first ones is an external financing gap in the majority of Central and Eastern Europe countries. Considering the totality of problems identified by entrepreneurs one may notice that the major part of them is made up of external impact factors.The purpose of the present study is revealing the influence of country-specific determinants on performance of small and medium enterprises in 24 European countries. The research analyzed 54,512 SME within the period of 2013 to 2017.The practical value of the research consists in the fact that its results may be useful for: governmental agencies in optimizing the existing small and medium enterprises support programs, emergent entrepreneurs when choosing the country to start up their business and for a better understanding of their environment, management when choosing the ways of entrepreneurship geographical expansion.The applied importance of this paper consists in defining the most significant country-specific determinants of SME performance.The regression analysis results show that the majority of small and medium enterprises from the point of view of macroeconomic and political conditions exist “in spite of, not thanks to something”. We also identified a negative relation between the government machinery efficiency as such and its efficiency in relation to SME which means that a lot of effort is necessary for improvement in this sphere. Analysis of the difference between developed and emerging countries revealed a slight positive influence of corruption on SME’s return on assets in emerging countries. Northern Europe is considered to be the friendliest region for small and medium enterprises while Eastern Europe is the least favourable one.

Dominance analysis of police legitimacy’s regressors: disentangling the effects of procedural justice, effectiveness, and corruption

ABSTRACT This article examines the relative influence of procedural justice, effectiveness, and corruption in shaping police legitimacy across 26 European countries. The emerging statistical technique of dominance analysis overcomes multicollinearity issues, common in legitimacy models, and ranks by salience a dozen individual-level and country-level antecedents of police legitimacy. Most notably, the two indicators of corruption and a classic measure of procedural justice explained nearly equal portions of the variance of legitimacy across a sub-set of Europe’s most stable and prosperous democracies. A greater role for effectiveness among the transitioning states in Europe offers support for similar findings in the Global South. Europe-wide, procedural justice, police effectiveness, and corruption were three pillars contributing most of legitimacy’s explained variance. The findings suggest police chiefs in developed and transitioning countries must find paths that promote procedural justice while also pursuing innovation to address the public’s strong concerns for police effectiveness and police corruption.

WITHDRAWN: Perceptions of the role of traditional and social media in communicating corruption

HIGHLIGHTS Perceptions of corruption influence views on media’s role in communicating it. A wide spectrum of perceptions of the role of the media is uncovered. Perceptions on traditional media diverge from informative to misleading. Views on social media vary from democratic to fake news broadcasters.

The dynamic relationship between regional corruption and carbon emissions in China.

Does regional corruption exacerbate regional carbon emissions? To answer this, based on the spatial Durbin model, this study empirically examines the impact of regional corruption on carbon emission, using panel data from 30 provinces in China during the period 2002–2017. The results show that: (1) there is an indistinctive N-shaped relationship between regional corruption and carbon emissions at the national level. Regional corruption tends to initially aggravate carbon emissions, then contributes to emission reduction, and then finally boosts carbon emissions. However, this effect is not statistically significant. The results suggest that the role of regional corruption on carbon emissions is twofold. Corruption can exacerbate and can also inhibit regional carbon emissions. (2) Pronounced regional heterogeneity exists with regard to the influence of corruption on carbon emissions. Regional corruption and carbon emissions show a significant N-shaped dynamic relationship in China’s central region, while the relationship is not significant in the eastern and western regions. (3) The impact of regional corruption on carbon emissions varies with time. For 2002–2009, regional corruption did not have a significant effect on carbon emissions. For 2010–2017, the direct effect became significant, and an apparent N-shaped relationship formed between regional corruption and carbon emissions. Based on the empirical results, this paper proposes several policy recommendations regarding corruption and carbon governance.Graphic abstract

Corruption, illegitimacy and external influence: political factors of state instability

The article constructs a descriptive and analytical description of the connection between corruption, delegitimization and loss of state sovereignty over society as background factors for increasing external influence and the destruction of political and spatial cohesion. As a result of the study, a conclusion was formulated, according to which the complete or partial loss of legitimacy coincides with the spread of corruption, which entails the devaluation of value and regulatory systems of social behavior. It is emphasized that corrupt practices contribute to the destruction of morals, law, ideology, have a devastating effect on government structures, procedures for its institutionalization, prevent the nomination of elites and leaders to command positions in the state apparatus, negatively affect the power and centralizing capabilities of the state. legitimate physical violence. It is noted that the loss of legitimacy is preceded by the loss of dialogue between government and society, the habitualization of corruption and its transformation into an endemic component of social life.It was stated that corruption increases the level of public permeability for external actors who take advantage of the situation of blurring the boundaries of political space and encourage citizens to spontaneous protests, which should shake the procedural principles of law and order, to achieve open conflicts between government and self-organized communities. what are the conditions for dialogue. External actors can seek to actively discredit the ruling elites by simultaneously unscrewing instability and escalating waves of destructive criticism aimed at disavowing all kinds of legitimacy: ideological, ethnic, structural, personalistic (charismatic), and others.It is noted that the final destruction of the state is the loss of a monopoly on public violence within the procedures established by law. Actors of external influence can resort to various acts of violence in order to encourage the ruling elites to increase security with the use of special Praetorian groups (paramilitary formations).It is summarized that the emergence of paramilitary formations is an indicator of the fragility of the state and its inability to control its own power structures, as evidenced by the violation of paramilitary formations of the usual official hierarchies and privatization of legitimate violence by alternative centers of power. Finally, it is emphasized that the destructive accompaniment of the latter is the growth of shadow arms markets, criminalization of the behavior of ordinary citizens who cease to see the state as an authorized defender of sovereignty and security and cease to trust legitimate law enforcement agencies, and these processes precede their colonial expansion. frozen conflicts with accompanying negative consequences for the state.

KORUPSI DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI

This study analyzes corruption and economic growth. The method of analysis uses literature studies. This literature study was carried out by searching scientific research articles about corruption through Google Scholar and journals about corruption. After the identification of several articles, the results show different results about the effect of corruption on economic growth. From each journal shows Corruption has a negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia and those that have a positive effect. This shows several factors that underlie the influence of corruption on economic growth, namely due to cultural differences, policies, economic freedom and the rules of each region. The diversity of each region in Indonesia makes a different level of influence of corruption so that if a region has a high level of economic freedom and rules and bureaucracy that are not difficult, corruption has a positive effect on economic growth. In general, the effect of corruption on economic growth is negative, where the cleaner the region or region is from corruption, the more it will encourage the growth of the region.

Пути преодоления коррупции при ведении внешнеэкономической деятельности в России

The influence of corruption on the conduct of for-eign economic activity (FEA) both in the world economy as a whole and in Russia in particular, as well as ways of overcoming it, is considered. The study used analytical methods for studying domes-tic and international scientific literature on this is-sue, the method of comparative analysis, etc. The purpose of this study is to identify and propose possible ways to overcome corruption in foreign economic activity. The scientific novelty of the re-search lies in the aggregation of various approaches and ways of overcoming corruption, both widely discussed and little studied, and their application to foreign economic activity, as well as the use of the “Agency theory” tools in the analysis of corruption in customs and the preparation of appropriate con-clusions on this basis. In addition, the institutional approach used in this article is of scientific novelty and is the most promising for further research, which consists in describing one of the main root causes of high corruption in Russia - resource orien-tation of the economy. The article also examines other possible reasons for the spread of corruption, including rent seeking, the merger of energy state monopolies and the supreme power. The ways of solving this problem by improving legal mecha-nisms, creating institutions of wide access, raising the moral and ethical level of citizens are proposed.

Influence of Competitiveness, Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth of Asean Developing Countries

The purpose of this study is to look at the condition of the country's competitiveness and its influence on ASEAN economic growth. The data used is panel data consisting of time series data for 2009 - 2019 and cross section of five ASEAN countries with the highest level of competitiveness. The variables used are economic growth, competitiveness, corruption perception index, political risk, and foreign direct investment. The analysis tool used is panel data regression, the Random Effect Model (REM). The results show that competitiveness and foreign direct investment have a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while the corruption perception index has no effect on economic growth in 5 ASEAN countries.

Corruption, Democracy, and Privately Financed Infrastructure

Do political institutions moderate the influence of corruption on privately financed infrastructure projects? We argue that electoral competition incentivizes politicians to monitor bureaucratic corruption and focus on the public benefits of projects. Without such incentives, corruption is not monitored and the private benefits of bribes and favorable contract terms are responsible for increasing numbers of projects. Studying 116 countries between 1984 and 2012, we find that as public-sector corruption increases in democracies, no change in the number of projects is observed, while more projects emerge in non-democracies as corruption worsens.

Measures to combat smuggling and corruption in the customs clearance of commercial goods in Ukraine

The article deals with an important and relevant issue – measures to combat smuggling and corruption during customs clearance of commercial goods in Ukraine. The authors analyze the scientific doctrine regarding the nature and level of influence of smuggling and corruption on the state budget and the level of economic growth in Ukraine. It has been found out that scientists who choose different definitions and forms were unanimous about the negative nature and level of harmful influence of these phenomena on the economy of Ukraine. Various methods were used in the article: dogmatic, formal legal, and system-structural. It is proposed to analyze the main measures necessary to overcome smuggling and corruption in the customs clearance of commercial goods in Ukraine. First, the implementation of the principle of transparency in the activities of customs during the customs clearance of commercial goods. Second, updating the qualification requirements for positions in this service and the procedure for competitive selection. Third, criminalizing the smuggling of commercial goods. Fourth, establishing coordination of law enforcement and regulatory agencies of Ukraine with the relevant authorities of neighboring countries. Fifth, expanding the powers of the State Customs Service of Ukraine to investigate the smuggling of commercial goods. It is concluded that it is necessary and important to develop and introduce specific, rather than declarative, measures to counteract smuggling and corruption in the customs clearance of commercial goods in Ukraine.

The influence of corruption on environmental sustainability in the developing economies of Southern Africa

This paper analyses the impact of corruption on environmental sustainability in all 16 countries in the Southern region of Africa from 2010-2017. The paper uses two proxies of corruption: the Corruption Index and Corruption Ranking. Using two econometric methods, namely, the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) Granger causality test and the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) techniques this study found largely congruent results on both causation and relationships, respectively. Firstly, the two indicators of corruption harmoniously show that corruption Granger causes the existing state of environmental sustainability in Southern African economies, and vice-versa. Moreover, in the short-run corruption was also found to worsen environmental sustainability for both regression models deployed using the two corruption indicators. In the long-term, the two measures of corruption conflicted with their findings. In this regard, though the relationship is contradicting in the long-run the corruption negative (becoming bad) effect of corruption ranking surpasses the corruption positive (becoming clean) effect of corruption index by nearly three times. This show how detrimental corruptible actions are to the natural environment. Overall, this paper consent to global reports explaining how Southern African environments are gradually deteriorating by putting corruption as one central practice causing extensive damage.