Abstract
This paper analyses the impact of corruption on environmental sustainability in all 16 countries in the Southern region of Africa from 2010-2017. The paper uses two proxies of corruption: the Corruption Index and Corruption Ranking. Using two econometric methods, namely, the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) Granger causality test and the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) techniques this study found largely congruent results on both causation and relationships, respectively. Firstly, the two indicators of corruption harmoniously show that corruption Granger causes the existing state of environmental sustainability in Southern African economies, and vice-versa. Moreover, in the short-run corruption was also found to worsen environmental sustainability for both regression models deployed using the two corruption indicators. In the long-term, the two measures of corruption conflicted with their findings. In this regard, though the relationship is contradicting in the long-run the corruption negative (becoming bad) effect of corruption ranking surpasses the corruption positive (becoming clean) effect of corruption index by nearly three times. This show how detrimental corruptible actions are to the natural environment. Overall, this paper consent to global reports explaining how Southern African environments are gradually deteriorating by putting corruption as one central practice causing extensive damage.
Highlights
Corruption is globally perceived as actions in which persons entrusted with power abuse it for personal benefit
This paper investigated the influence of different indicators of corruption on the environmental sustainability of all the 16 countries that make up Southern Africa over the period 2010 to 2017
The article deploys the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) Granger causality tests and the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) econometric techniques to establish causation and relationships respectively. Both indicators of corruption found a bi-directional link between corruption and environmental sustainability and that association was confirmed to worsen environmental sustainability in the short-rum the relationship is contradicting in the long-run
Summary
Corruption is globally perceived as actions in which persons entrusted with power abuse it for personal benefit. Gavin (2010) adds that Southern Africa's government leading political parties are contorted in tangles as they effortlessly try to keep their privileged offices in various sectors of the economy while seek to address corruption which inevitably has lessened their integrity along with popularity. In that case, Choruma (2018) contributes that despite all the Southern African states being signatories of African Union (AU) Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AUCPCC) of 2013 and the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Protocol against Corruption (SADCPC) of 2001 this challenge has increased to appalling levels and evolved to put large threat to stability, sustainable development along with socio-economic change in the region. Natural environmental issues need immediate attention (Ganda, 2018, 2019)
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