Influence Of Urine Research Articles

Influence of Urine on Antimicrobial Gradient and Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing of Co-trimoxazole, Fosfomycin, Norfloxacin and Nitrofurantoin against Urinary Escherichia coli

Aim: The aim of present study is to examine the influence of urine on zone of inhibition and Minimum inhibitory concentration by antimicrobial gradient strips of Co-trimoxazole, Fosfomycin, Norfloxacin and Nitrofurantoin against urinary E. coli.
 Study Design: Cross- sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Education, Kottayam, Kerala, India. Between January 2023 and November 2023.
 Methodology: A total of 75 E. coli isolates collected from various diagnostic microbiology laboratories were included in the study. Identification of isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done. Direct v/s standard zone of inhibition and MIC was determined. The data was statistically analysed using Cohen’s kappa for interrater reliability and Intraclass correlation coefficient for consistency level.
 Results: Current study evaluated the effect of urine on zone of inhibition and MIC by disc diffusion and antibiotic gradient testing respectively. The kappa value, a measure of agreement between direct v/s standard zone of inhibition and MIC for Co-trimoxazole, Fosfomycin, Norfloxacin was a perfect 1 (P=.000), indicating complete agreement. While, The kappa value, a measure of agreement between direct and standard MIC determination for Nitrofurantoin, was .67 (P=.000), indicating substantial agreement.
 Conclusion: The present study suggest that direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be employed for Co-trimoxazole, Fosfomycin, Norfloxacin and Nitrofurantoin which are important drugs in the management of UTI, after further standardization.

P0389 - Study on the influence of urine and balanopreputial swab microbiota in the pathogenesis of male genital lichen sclerosus

P0389 - Study on the influence of urine and balanopreputial swab microbiota in the pathogenesis of male genital lichen sclerosus

Fertilizing effect of human urine and ammonium nitrate as sources of nitrogen for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] under saline conditions

An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to assess the influence of urine- and ammonium nitrate-N fertilization on sorghum biomass yield, shoot nutrient concentrations, and root:shoot ratio under different levels of NaCl salinity. Nitrogen applications were 90 and 180 mg N kg−1 soil substrate made from a mixture of bio-waste compost, quartz sand, and silty loam soil. A NaCl solution was added to the soil substrate to achieve target ECe of 1.3 (no salt added), 4.6, and 6.6 dS m−1, imitating different levels of salinity. Sorghum was sown as a second crop after maize, and biomass was harvested 12 weeks after sowing to assess dry weight and shoot nutrient concentrations. Salinity significantly decreased biomass yield regardless of N source. At an application rate of 90 mg N kg−1 substrate, biomass yield was 30% higher in plants fertilized with urine compared to ammonium nitrate regardless of salinity level. The application of 180 mg urine-N kg−1 raised substrate salinity and caused a significant decrease in shoot biomass yield in NaCl-treated substrates. Correlation analyses showed a relatively weak relationship between shoot N concentration and biomass yield in urine (r = 0.34; p > 0.05) compared to ammonium nitrate (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001). At a salinity of 6.6 dS m−1, nitrogen use efficiency was lower (33%) in urine compared to ammonium nitrate treatments. In conclusion, urine fertilization improves sorghum growth. However, where soil salinity is a problem (e.g. ECe 6.6 dS m−1), lower urine dosages should be considered.

Urine can speed up the re-epithelialization process of prostatic urethra wounds by promoting the proliferation and migration of prostate epithelial cells

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate the influence of urine on re-epithelialization in canine prostatic urethra after prostatectomy and explore possible causes.MethodWe established two groups of prostatic canine models. The first group contained urine that canines underwent the surgery by two-micron laser resection of the prostate-tangerine technique (TmLRP-TT), and no transurethral catheter was required. The second group was without urine that canines accepted the surgery by TmLRP-TT add ureter skin ostomy urine bypass. Histopathology of re-epithelialization of repair in trauma in canine prostatic urethra was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and immunochemistry was used to determine the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Human prostate epithelial line (BPH-1) cells were cultured with or without urine and the abilities of proliferation and migration were tested by CCK-8 and transwell assays, respectively.ResultsThe histology displayed that there was distinct proliferation of prostatic cell under the wound after 3 days, re-epithelialization began after 9 days, and finished after 28 days at urine group. The TGF-β1 like-IR in prostatic epithelium cells and fibroblast cells under the wound at urine group were strikingly increased as compared with the cells at no urine group after 3, 9, and 11 days, respectively (p < 0.05). In CCK-8 and Transwell assays, an increase of cells’ proliferation and migration was detected in urine culture group compared with no urine culture group (p < 0.05).ConclusionUrine may speed up the re-epithelialization process for prostatic urethra wounds by promoting proliferation and migration of prostate epithelial cells.

MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF INTESTINAL GRAFT AFTER CYSTECTOMY WITH ORTHOTOPIC PLASTIC OF THE URINARY BLADDER

Introduction.The histomorphological state and mechanisms of transformation of the intestinal epithelium of the orthotopic urinary bladder are unexplored.Purpose of research.The study the morphological adaptive and compensatory changes in the intestinal graft wall (IGW) and their relationship with homeostasis at various stages after surgical treatment. Materials and methods. The morphological state of the intestinal graft wall (IGW) was studied in 42 patient’s cystectomy undergoing with the formation of an orthotopic intestinal bladder (15-ileum, 27-sigmoid) at terms from 1 to 6.5 months and 1 year or more after the treatment.Results.Morphological changes occurring in the IGW wall begin with the moment of urine entering the lumen, which occurs in combination with changes in the stereotyped dynamics of the organ. Expressed changes are observed in all parts of the wall of the small and large intestine. There is regeneration and restructuring of the epithelium, expressed in atrophy and a decrease in the number of suction cylindrical cells and an increase in the number of mucus-forming goblet elements, terminating by 12 months and more after the operation. This combined with a decrease in the number and size of villi and crypts, reduction of the lymphatic channel and sclerosis of the blood vessels and stroma blocks suction. An increase in the number of mucus-forming goblet cells provides a barrier that protects the IGW mucosa from the effects of urine.Conclusion.Morphological changes occurring in the IGW wall under the influence of urine contribute to the preservation of homeostasis and are identical in the thick and thin-intestinal variant of plastic of the bladder.Disclosure: The study did not have sponsorship. The authors have declared no conflicts of interest

ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS OF THE ARTIFICIAL BLADDER IN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

Patients with malignant neoplasms of the bladder or severe anatomical and functional bladder abnormalities are the candidates for cystectomy and orthotopic urine diversion. The distal portion of the ileum is the most frequent anatomical organ, which is used for the formation of the urinary conduit. The formation of a urinary reservoir from the ileum that is unable to perform new functions, and mainly programmed to isolate enzymes, digest food and absorb nutrients, salts and minerals changes the energy exchange in the ileum wall under the influence of urine. The aim of the research is the examination of energy metabolism changes in the ileum wall during the formation of artificial bladder in experimental conditions conducted on mini-pigs. Experimental studies were performed on 21 female mini-pigs with an average age of 6 to 14 months. The duration of the experiment was 12 months. An imbalance of the ATP-ADP-AMP system was observed in the transplant tissue of the graft in different postoperative periods. Changes in the level of ATP are characteristics of the development of tissue ischemia. Results. The values of the adenosine nucleotides sum (the energy potential indicative of the respiration rate of mitochondria) and the phosphorylation index were lower at different times of observation in the transplant tissue. The energy charge value was lower to a lesser extent relative to the control. Conclusion. The revealed changes in the level of adenosine nucleotides confirm the severity of the disturbances of the energy homeostasis in the transplant tissue at all stages of the observation.

Simple and Rapid Determination of Diuretics by Luminescent Method

Diuretics are drugs widely used in treatment of heart failure and hypertension and as doping agents in sports. Wrong prescription and excessive abuse can lead to negative side effects. Despite the effectiveness of methods usually used for the determination of diuretics (gas or liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis), they do not always provide necessary sensitivity. Moreover, sample preparation increases time of analysis. A rapid and sensitive luminescent method for determination of 5 diuretics (amiloride, bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide, furosemide, triamterene) in aqueous solutions and amiloride and triamterene in human urine is described. Intrinsic luminescent properties of protolytic forms of diuretics were studied in order to provide highly sensitive analysis. Investigation of interfering influence of diuretics was carried out to provide selective determination of triamterene, bumetanide and furosemide in aqueous mixtures of diuretics. Influence of urine at luminescent properties of diuretics was studied. The possibility of determination of triamterene and amiloride in human urine as individual substances and in mixture was proved. Simple and rapid technique for their determination in human urine was elaborated. The techniques elaborated for determination of triamterene in presence of other diuretics and furosemide in presence of commensurate amount of bumetanide allow enhancing specifity of analysis. Sufficient selectivity and sensitivity were reached in determination of amiloride and triamterene in human urine. The reduction of time of analysis due to avoiding sample preparation merits the techniques proposed.

The Influence of Urine on the in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Various Antibiotics against Different Escherichia coli Phenotypes

Background: The influence of urine on the in vitro activities of various antibiotics used in the therapy of urinary tract infections was assessed by the microbroth dilution method in this study. Methods: Thirty Escherichia coli strains were used: 10 E. coli strains susceptible to ampicillin, 10 strains resistant to ampicillin and ampicillin+sulbactam and ten extended spectrum beta-lactamase producer strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, cephalothin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were performed parallel in Mueller-Hinton broth and human urine by the microbroth dilution method. Results: The MIC₉₀ of all antibiotics except cephalothin were higher in the urine. MICs performed in the urine were found significantly higher than those performed in broth. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that MICs of antibiotics are influenced by the human urine and that MICs of some antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary tract infections may be overestimated by the standard antibiotic testing methods.

The influence of urine and dung deposition on patch grazing patterns of cattle and sheep in the Southern Tall Grassveld

Abstract The effect of urine and dung deposition on the patch grazing patterns of cattle and sheep in the Southern Tall Grassveld was investigated using an experiment with four treatments, viz. artificial urine, fresh cattle dung, fresh sheep dung, and a control. Cattle and sheep preferentially grazed the sward surrounding and within urine deposits for six months after deposition. Cattle rejected herbage from both cattle and sheep dung patches for six months after deposition. Sheep initially rejected the herbage from cattle dung patches, but their grazing patterns were no longer affected at six months after deposition. Sheep grazing tended not to be influenced by sheep dung. Urine deposition may consequently be an important factor in patch initiation and patch development.

Integrating sphere effect in whole-bladder-wall photodynamic therapy. II. The influence of urine at 458, 488, 514 and 630 nm optical irradiation

For pt.I see ibid., vol.39, p.947-59 (1994). Whole-bladder-wall (WBW) photodynamic therapy (PDT) performed with 458 nm instead of 630 nm wavelength might be advantageous. On the basis of Monte Carlo (MC) computer simulations using in vitro bladder optical properties, these wavelengths show an equally strong integrating sphere effect, while haematoporphyrin derivatives can be excited equally efficiently and more easily with an Ar+ laser at 458 nm. To test this, fluence rates were measured at the walls of two piglet bladders during in vivo and in vitro WBW optical irradiations at 458, 488, 514 and 630 nm. In the in vitro experiment, a controlled amount of urine with known absorption coefficient at the irradiation wavelengths was introduced in the bladder cavity. The optical absorption and scattering coefficients and anisotropy factor of the tissue of both piglet bladders were determined in vitro with a double integrating sphere setup. MC simulations, using the in vitro optical properties, agree only partly with the measured bladder wall fluence rates. In the in vitro experiment with saline in the bladder cavity, the fluence rate at the bladder wall is lowest for 514 nm irradiation and highest for 458 and 630 nm irradiation. In the in vivo experiment and the in vitro experiment with light absorbing urine in the bladder cavity, which mimics the clinical situation, irradiation at 458 nm wavelength resulted in the lowest fluence rate for a given optical power emitted. It cannot be completely ruled out that in an in vivo bladder the light absorption by haemoglobin further reduces the integrating sphere effect at wavelengths shorter than 630 nm. Thus, WBW PDT with red light (630 nm) is technically more advantageous than that with green light (514 nm) or blue light (488 and 458 nm) as this gives the strongest integrating sphere effect.

Solutions and Solute

In the formation of calculi within the urinary tract, two fundamental factors are critical when crystals precipitate and stones form: They are solute and the solution itself, which must be oversaturated if crystals are to form and to grow. Several elements present in the urine influence solutions and solute and, thus, stone formation. Because all forms of medical therapy influence these elements favorably to prevent stone formation, this update reviews why stones form and how specific medical therapy works to prevent their formation.

How variations in the composition of urine influence urease-induced crystallization

To Study how the composition of urine influences urease-induced crystallization, human urine samples were incubated with urease and the subsequent precipitation measured. Beside the pH increase, the urinary content of magnesium and calcium had profound effects on the precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium phosphate, respectively. Urine phosphate, ammonium and osmolarity had no direct effects on the precipitation. Among the urine components with potential inhibitory properties, only albumin was found to be correlated with such an effect. This inhibitory activity was especially influential in urines with high calcium and magnesium levels. These findings suggest that the composition of urine could also influence the formation of stones consisting of magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium phosphate.

The influence of urine from asymptotic laboratory populations on sexual maturation in prairie deermice

SummaryMale and female prairie deermice housed singly from weaning (21 days) until 40 days of age had urine from one of the following sources applied daily to their nostrils: sexually mature laboratory population males or females, and sexually mature breeder males or females from our laboratory colony. Other males and females were treated with water. Records were obtained of the weights of the tests, seminal vesicles and bacula of males and the ovaries and uteri of females at 40 days of age.The major results of this study were as follow: Female urine from sexually mature and inhibited population or isolated mice stimulated the development of the male reproductive organs significantly more than water or male urine. Male urine applied to young males did not differentially affect the weights of their reproductive organs compared with water and thus showed no inhibition effects.The reproductive organs of females treated with male urine did not differ significantly in weight from those of females treated with female urine. Females treated with water developed significantly larger uteri than those treated with urine from sexually mature population females (P≤0.02), inhibited population females (P&lt;0.001) and inhibited population males (P&lt;0.007).

Influence of urine on “in vitro” crystallization rate of calcium oxalate: determination of inhibitory activity by A [ 14C]oxalate technique

A simple radiochemical method is proposed for the in vitro assay of the inhibitory activity of urine with respect to calcium oxalate crystal growth using [ 14C]oxalate as a tracer. The method shows an improved sensitivity over existing methods and indicates that citrate, pyrophosphate and chondroitin sulphate are active inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal growth down to concentrations of 10 −5, 10 −7 and 10 −10 mol/l respectively. The inhibitory activity in the urines of 12 recurrent calcium stone-formers was significantly lower than in the urines of matched control subjects ( P < 0.01), confirming the clinical usefulness of the test.

Influence of Urine on Viruses

Influence of Urine on Viruses

Potentiating Influence of Urine on Sulfanilamide's Bacteriostatic Effect on E. coli in vitro.

In a previous publication1 one of us (Mellon) reported a poten-tiative effect of sulfanilamide on hemolytic streptococci when the organisms had been exposed to physiological salt solution during the process of dilution preliminary to seeding the test cultures. If this exposure was omitted and dilution in broth substituted, the remarkable bacteriostatic effect of sulfanilamide in low concentrations was not noted. In the presence of normal human serum the effect is enhanced. In other words, a sterilizing effect is obtained from the combined action of these minimal factors which exceeds many times a simple summation effect.Kenny, Johnston, and von Haebler2 have recently reported a very favorable series of clinical cases of E. coli infection of the urinary tract which were successfully treated with sulfanilamide. They showed that with oral medication of 1.5 gm. a day for 5-7 days sterilization of the urine was obtained during the period of treatment in all of 46 cases of infection with a typical E. coli. The ...