Influence Of Structural Changes Research Articles

Numerical Simulation of Fluid and Heat Transfer in a Biological Tissue Using an Immersed Boundary Method Mimicking the Exact Structure of the Microvascular Network

The aim of this study is to develop a model of fluid and heat transfer in a biological tissue taking into account the exact structure of the related microvascular network, and to analyze the influence of structural changes of such a network induced by diabetes. A cubic region representing local skin tissue is selected as the computational domain, which in turn includes two intravascular and extravascular sub-domains. To save computational resources, the capillary network is reduced to a 1D pipeline model and embedded into the extravascular region. On the basis of the immersed boundary method (IBM) strategy, fluid and heat fluxes across a capillary wall are distributed to the surrounding tissue nodes by a delta function. We consider both steady and periodic blood pressure conditions at the entrances of the capillary network. Under steady blood pressure conditions, both the interstitial fluid pressure and tissue temperature around the capillary network are larger than those in other places. When the periodic blood pressure condition is considered, tissue temperature tends to fluctuate with the same frequency of the forcing, but the related waveform displays a smaller amplitude and a certain time (phase) delay. When the connectivity of capillary network is diminished, the capacity of blood redistribution through the capillary network becomes weaker and a subset of the vessel branches lose blood flow, which further aggravates the amplitude attenuation and time delay of the skin temperature fluctuation.

Tacit knowledge sharing in IT R&D teams: Nonlinear evolutionary theoretical perspective

Tacit knowledge sharing influences the performance of IT R&D teams. However, information regarding the mechanism of tacit knowledge sharing is limited. Accordingly, we develop a nonlinear dynamic model to explore the influence of structural changes on tacit knowledge sharing behavior in an IT R&D team, particularly in response to gradual changes in payoff structures. The following results were observed：(1) Certain situations and a traditional correlation analysis confirmed that the current contradictions in the influence of reward systems on knowledge sharing behavior are unified. (2) Under special conditions, the influences of several critical factors (e.g., reciprocity, penalty of social reputation, and supervising mechanism) lose efficacy. As an alternative, managers can only enhance the reward system or reduce sharing cost. The effectiveness of knowledge sharing substantially improves only once it reaches certain critical thresholds. (3) During a catastrophe, a team’s behavior may become immune to the deterioration of payoff structures. However, sudden jumps (i.e., from sharing to hiding knowledge) may occur when another threshold is reached. In summary, once team members experience a sudden jump, retrieving the previous cooperative status becomes difficult.

Influence of structural changes on electrical properties of Al:ZnO films

Abstract This paper presents a study of Al-doped ZnO films deposited at room temperature by a cost-effective sol-gel dip-coating technique. The influence of Al concentration on crystallinity, electrical and optical properties of films annealed in nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere has been studied. The resistivity has been decreased from 1.1–1.6 × 10−4 Ω.cm to 0.73–0.93 × 10−4 Ω.cm with the increase of Al concentration from 0,8 to 1,2 at. %, respectively. Transmission spectrum displays that optical transmittance has been displayed between 85% and 90% by increasing Al concentration.

Crystal Structure Control of ZnxCd1−xS Alloyed Nanocrystals and Structural Dependent Fluorescence Properties

Crystal structure control is so important to the fluorescence properties that each element should be considered carefully. In conventional synthesis of ZnxCd[Formula: see text]S alloyed nanocrystals (NCs), most of studies focus on ligand–surface interaction on the formation of either zinc blende or wurtzite ZnxCd[Formula: see text]S nanocrystals, instead of the reactant source. In this work, mixed crystal phase was found easily in ZnxCd[Formula: see text]S alloyed NCs when reaction proceeded at high Zn/Cd source ratio condition. Therefore, we regulate the Zn/Cd ratio to obtain relative pure zinc-blende structure, and study the influence of structure change on the fluorescence properties. Further, we have proposed a two-step ZnS coating method to acquire ZnxCd[Formula: see text]S/ZnS NCs with separated crystal-phase between core and shell. Compared with maximum QY of 81% for ZnxCd[Formula: see text]S/ZnS NCs synthesized by conventional one-step coating method, the performance of the optimized NCs has significantly improved with maximum QY of 93%.

Double doping effect on ferroelectric and leakage current behavior of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin film

To study the double doping effect on PZT, following thin films were prepared with stoichiometric compositions of Pb(Zr0·52Ti0·48)O3(PZT), Pb0·92La0·08(Zr0·52Ti0·48)0.98O3(PLZT) and Pb0·92(La0.5Yb0.5)0·08(Zr0·52Ti0·48)0.98O3(PLYZT) by chemical solution deposition method. XRD results revealed tetragonal crystal structure of all the three thin film compositions with significant changes in lattice parameters for La3+and La3+-Yb3+ doped PZT film. Raman study confirmed XRD results. The influence of structural changes on ferroelectric behavior was investigated by studying ferroelectric switching current, remanent polarization and coercive field. An increase in ferroelectric switching current and decrease in coercive field was observed in double doped (La3+ and Yb3+) PZT thin films than the pure one. This result indicates easy domain switching in doped PZT thin films. The double doping has reduced leakage current in PZT by compensating oxygen vacancy and thereby improved the polarization fatigue.

Физико-химические и селективные свойства гетерогенных ионообменных мембран МК-40 и МА-40 после электродиализа природных вод

Установлено влияние структурных изменений и образования осадков после электродиализа природных вод на равновесные и селективные свойства гетерогенных ионообменных мембран МК-40 и МА-40. Образование малорастворимых осадков на поверхности и в объеме мембран, извлеченных из электродной секции реверсивного электродиализатора, приводит к блокировке функциональных групп и транспортных каналов, уменьшению обменной емкости, влагосодержания и чисел переноса противоионов, затруднению процессов переноса. Для мембраны из электродиализатора-концентратора выявлено увеличение макропористости, которое является основной причиной роста влагосодержания на фоне потери обменной емкости и селективности.

Study on nonlinear vibration of simplified solid rocket motor model

The unstable combustion of the large aspect-ration solid rocket in the end phase flight is of great interest and importance to the solid rocket design.The large aspect-ratio solid rocket motor (SRM) tends to produce unstable combustion in flight. As shown in published literatures, it is believed that the main reason for this phenomenon is the internal flow field. However, in terms of the intense pressure oscillation, the contribution of the motor casing should not be ignored. In this paper, the nonlinear natural frequencies of different motor shells in flight are mainly concerned. The SRM model in the working state is simplified to a double-layer time-varying axially moving free-free beam. The governing equation of nonlinear lateral vibration is derived according to the Hamilton principle. The Galerkin method and multi-scale method are adopted to solve the governing equations. Firstly, to verify the accuracy of the presented method, the validating experiments base on the finite difference method are carried out. According to the comparison, the results obtained through the Galerkin method coupled with multi-scale method coincides well with the results obtained by the finite difference method as well as the results in the public literatures. The influence of structural change and axial velocity on the nonlinear coefficients and natural frequencies of the SRM shell is investigated by numerical experiments. The results show that the natural frequency of the SRM shell change during the whole flight and the increase of aspect ratio has a significant influence on the natural frequency. Under the initial excitation, the nonlinear natural frequency will change abruptly. Under some particular excitations, it is possible that the resonance coupling between the shell vibration and internal flow field occurs and it contributes to the amplification of the unstable combustion further.

Effect of structural stacking on magnetocaloric and magnetodielectric properties of Ba1-xSrxCo0.9Mn0.1O3-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5)

The effect of structural stacking sequence on magnetocaloric, critical behavior and dielectric properties in the nanocrystalline Ba1-xSrxCo0.9Mn0.1O3-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) system has been investigated. The parent BaCo0.9Mn0.1O3-δ compound exhibit 12H-hexagonal phase. With increase in Sr-doping, structure changes to 2H-phase (x = 0.5) through mixed 12H+2H-phase (x = 0.1 and 0.3) for the samples annealed at 1100 °C. The magnetocaloric properties shows promising results in the presence of 12H-phase, whereas, inclusion of 2H-phase suppresses magnetocaloric properties. The maximum entropy change for a field change of 5 T is found to be 2.50, 1.73, 0.50 and 0.12 Jkg-1K−1 for x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 respectively. The field dependence of maximum entropy change under different composition ratio is studied using phenomenological scaling behavior of magnetic entropy change model. The nature of magnetic phase transition and critical behavior of the nanocrystalline system are studied using Landau theory and Arrot plots. The obtained critical exponents show deviation from mean-field model with increase in Sr-doping. In addition, influence of structural changes on temperature and field dependent dielectric properties is studied. The temperature variation of dielectric constant (ε′) shows subtle change in the vicinity of magnetic transition and the numerical value of ε’ suppresses with 2H-phase. The value of magnetocapacitance (MC %) is also get suppressed while going mixed 12H+2H- to 2H-phase. The origin of magneto-dielectric properties in the present nanocrystalline system demonstrates the strong correlation among structural, magnetic, electrical and dielectric properties.

Influence of Structural Changes on the Brittle Fracture Strength in Metal Springs of Kamaz Trucks Used in a Northern Environment

To make structural components and vehicle parts reliable, it is necessary to study accumulated structural damage and its influence on the properties of materials, taking into account the operational environment. To discover the relation between structural changes in and brittle fracture strength of materials, we studied the degree and kind of structural damages, impact toughness, and microscale processes of destruction observed in the metal of springs mounted on Kamaz trucks driven in a northern environment. The techniques used in this article include optic and electron microscopy and structural statistical analysis of the microhardness and porosity according to which the structural damage was evaluated. New data are derived about accumulated fatigue damages and their influence on the brittle fracture resistance of the metal in springs used in a cold climate environment. The results can be used to extend the service life of elastic parts of automotive vehicles.

Structural properties of unsaturated compacted loess for various sample moisture contents

This paper investigates the structural properties of compacted loess by focusing on the influence of structural changes incurred by varying sample moisture content on matric suction and stress-strain characteristics of unsaturated compacted loess. Two tests are conducted on unsaturated compacted loess with different structural properties: soil-water characteristic curve test and triaxial shear test. Samples are maintained and tested at the same moisture content and dry density through humidification or dehumidification. Test results show that structural changes incurred by sample moisture content markedly influence the soil-water characteristic curve of unsaturated compacted loess. Below the plastic limit, matric suction increases with increasing sample moisture content. At the optimal sample moisture content, unsaturated compacted loess exhibits a homogeneous micro-pore aggregation structure and thus a relatively high suction. In the optimal structural state, the stress-strain curve was located at the top of the stress-strain graph. For moisture contents below the optimal sample moisture content, the degree of structural weakening is relatively low, and the stress-strain curve gradually moves down the stress-strain graph. For moisture content above the optimal sample moisture content, the degree of structural weakening of the soil sample is relatively high, and the stress-strain curve moves to the bottom of the stress-strain graph. A structural parameter mɛr is defined that could reasonably reflect the structural properties of compacted loess and is of great significance for evaluating the engineering quality of compacted loess.

ТИПОЛОГІЗАЦІЯ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ПРЯМОГО ІНОЗЕМНОГО ІНВЕСТУВАННЯ: ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИЙ АСПЕКТ

У статті розкрита сутність та особливості інституційного підходу до залучення та використання прямих іноземних інвестицій. Здійснена типологізація механізмів прямого іноземного інвестування шляхом виокремлення їхніх фінансової, фіскальної та інституціональної складових і визначено відповідні інструменти, які можуть носити як стимулюючий, так і обмежуючий характер.

Conductance Changes in Bovine Serum Albumin Caused by Drug-Binding Triggered Structural Transitions.

Proteins, due to their binding selectivity, are promising candidates for fabricating nanoscale bio-sensors. However, the influence of structural change on protein conductance caused by specific protein-ligand interactions and disease-induced degeneration still remains unknown. Here, we excavated the relationship between circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) to reveal the effect of the protein secondary structures changes on conductance. The secondary structure of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was altered by the binding of drugs, like amoxicillin (Amox), cephalexin (Cefa), and azithromycin (Azit). The CD spectroscopy shows that the α-helical and β-sheet content of BSA, which varied according to the molar ratio between the drug and BSA, changed by up to 6%. The conductance of BSA monolayers in varying drug concentrations was further characterized via CAFM. We found that BSA conductance has a monotonic relation with α-helical content. Moreover, BSA conductance seems to be in connection with the binding ability of drugs and proteins. This work elucidates that protein conductance variations caused by secondary structure transitions are triggered by drug-binding and indicate that electrical methods are of potential application in protein secondary structure analysis.

Numerical Study on Lightning Current Performance of Striated YBCO-Coated Conductor

Striated YBCO-coated conductor is a variant structure of the second-generation high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes. The ac loss is reduced owing to the YBCO layer of the striated YBCO tape is divided into filaments by laser scribing. Hence, it is promising for practical HTS electrical application, such as HTS transformer and cable. However, when the superconducting apparatuses are operated in the power grid, it will possibly experience the lightning impulse current in some extreme working condition. Thus, the performance of striated YBCO tapes suffering from exposure to lightning current is important to be studied. In this paper, a numerical model based on the electromagnetic–thermal coupling is built to analyze the lightning current performance of the striated YBCO tapes. The influence of structural changes on the thermal stability is discussed. The standard lightning current waveform is chosen, i.e., 8/20 μs. The simulated results show that cutting the copper edges of striated YBCO tapes will significantly degrade the lightning current withstand capacity. Instead, the degradation effect of grooves is not so obvious.

Effect of Thermal Influence on Mechanical and Relaxation Magnetic Characteristics of St3 steel

The article presents the results of a laboratory study of samples from St3 steel after various thermal treatments. The results of mechanical tests and measurements of the relaxation coercive force magnitude are also presented. Processes that occur to the structure during heat treatment have been studied and described using X-ray diffraction patterns and images obtained with a scanning electron and an optical microscope. The influence of structural changes on the relaxation coercive force and mechanical parameters of the steel under study is described.

Reasons behind changes in the share of labour in nationalincome in the Polish economy: Selected aspects

Aim/purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of structural changes taking place in the Polish economy on the share of labour in national income. Design/methodology/approach – The scope of this study includes a review of the literature dedicated to the issue and an empirical analysis of data available on this topic. The study uses elements of descriptive statistics and the method of induction. Findings – The conducted analysis shows that in the years 2005-2016, a relation contrary to that reported by de Serres, Scarpetta, & de la Maisonneuve (2002), concerning shifts of employee groups between sectors of the national economy, prevailed in Poland. No research results on the impact of the decrease in the share of self-employed on the decrease in the share of labour in the national income have been confirmed. At the same time, the effect of changes in the relation between employee remuneration and the added value, resulting from their transition between sectors of the national economy, was positively verified. Research implications/limitations – The results related to changes in the share of self- -employed in the national economy should be treated with caution, as there are also economically inactive entities listed in the Central Statistical Office (GUS) register. Originality/value/contribution – To date, in Poland comprehensive research into the influence of structural changes on the share of labour in national income has not been conducted.

ORGANIZAION AND ACTIVITY OF MILITIA IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR IN 1947: BASIC ASPECTS

The activities of the militia in 1947 had their own peculiarities. This is, firstly, postwar devastation, which has reached enormous proportions. Secondly, it was the 1946-1947 famine in Ukraine, that had the worst results in the first half of 1947. Thirdly, it a post-war morally-psychological situation in society is a habit to violence and application of weapon. Fourthly, a negative influence on counteraction to criminality was the abolition of death punishment in May in 1947. Fifthly, in 1947 there is the strengthening of the general repressiveness of the totalitarian regime in Ukraine, due to the return to the leadership of L.M.Kahanovych. Sixth, 1947 was the peak of the increase of criminality in the post-war years. Seventh, on December, 14 in 1947 by a government resolution was accepted «About realization of monetary reform and about the abolition of cards on food and industrial stuff». The basic activity of militia, related to this event, came true already in 1948, that is why we examine the beginning of this work only. The review of literature testifies that a scientific problem is given is investigational not enough. The novelty of the article consists in that in her basic work of militia assignments are first studied in this certain historical period – 1947р., a question is complemented about the influence of structural changes in the organization of militia of Ukrainian SSR on counteraction to criminality. There was a reorganized control system of criminal search in these years, increase her basilar links and the number of skilled staff increased. In 1947 from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Ministry of State Security were transferred departments to combat banditry. At the offices of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, there were organized special departments to combat speculation. Militiamen of Ukraine in these years in majority honestly carried out the duties. But legality and discipline in a militia remained at an insufficient level. A militia did not succeed to be obtained an improvement of the criminogenic situation – the crime in this year grew. Need a further study activity of militia in relation to counteraction to hooliganism in an indicated period and the work of district militia officers. Keywords: Ukraine, 1947, militia, Ministry of Internal Affairs, counteraction of criminality.

HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN THE ANCIENT WORLD AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE

The activities of the militia in 1947 had its own peculiarities. This is, firstly, post-war devastation, which has reached enormous proportions. Secondly, it was the 1946-1947 famine in Ukraine, that had the worst results in the first half of 1947. Thirdly, it a post-war morally-psychological situation in society is a habit to violence and application of weapon. Fourthly, a negative influence on counteraction to criminality was the abolition of death punishment in May in 1947. Fifthly, in 1947 there is the strengthening of the general repressiveness of the totalitarian regime in Ukraine, due to the return to the leadership of L.M.Kahanovych. Sixth, 1947 was the peak of the increase of criminality in the post-war years. Seventh, on December, 14 in 1947 by a government resolution was accepted «About realization of monetary reform and about the abolition of cards on food and industrial stuff». The basic activity of militia, related to this event, came true already in 1948, that is why we examine the beginning of this work only. The review of literature testifies that a scientific problem is given is investigational not enough. The novelty of the article consists in that in her basic work of militia assignments are first studied in this certain historical period - 1947р., a question is complemented about the influence of structural changes in the organization of militia of Ukrainian SSR on counteraction to criminality. There was a reorganized control system of criminal search in these years, increase her basilar links and the number of skilled staff increased. In 1947 from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Ministry of State Security were transferred departments to combat banditry. At the offices of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, there were organized special departments to combat speculation. Militiamen of Ukraine in these years in majority honestly carried out the duties. But legality and discipline in a militia remained at an insufficient level. A militia did not succeed to be obtained an improvement of the criminogenic situation - the crime in this year grew. Need a further study activity of militia in relation to counteraction to hooliganism in an indicated period and the work of district militia officers. Keywords: Ukraine, 1947, militia, Ministry of Internal Affairs, counteraction of criminality

Investigations on the effect of magnetic ordering on dielectric relaxation in polycrystalline GdMn1-xFexO3

The influence of structural change and magnetic ordering on the dielectric relaxation has been studied for orthorhombic multiferroic GdMn1-xFexO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) system. The frequency dependent dielectric constant and dielectric loss exhibit dispersion, suggesting a thermally activated relaxation process. The extracted activation energies attribute the relaxation process to charge hopping among the localized Mn/Fe sites. Interestingly, the composition dependent activation energy and characteristics frequency show a transition near x = 0.4 which is consistent with the observed subtle structural change and introduction of spin reorientation at this composition. The static orbital ordering associated with Jahn-Teller distortion and the evolution of magnetic ordering play a vital role in varying these parameters with composition. In addition, the activation energies obtained from impedance analysis support this fact and further reveal that both grain and grain boundary have significant contributions to the relaxation process. The study demonstrates the correlation between structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of the sample which can be tuned by compositional variation.

A Simulation Study Using Terrestrial LiDAR Point Cloud Data to Quantify Spectral Variability of a Broad-Leaved Forest Canopy.

In this analysis, a method for construction of forest canopy three-dimensional (3D) models from terrestrial LiDAR was used for assessing the influence of structural changes on reflectance for an even-aged forest in Belgium. The necessary data were extracted by the developed method, as well as it was registered the adjacent point-clouds, and the canopy elements were classified. Based on a voxelized approach, leaf area index (LAI) and the vertical distribution of leaf area density (LAD) of the forest canopy were derived. Canopy–radiation interactions were simulated in a ray tracing environment, giving suitable illumination properties and optical attributes of the different canopy elements. Canopy structure was modified in terms of LAI and LAD for hyperspectral measurements. It was found that the effect of a 10% increase in LAI on NIR reflectance can be equal to change caused by translating 50% of leaf area from top to lower layers. As presented, changes in structure did affect vegetation indices associated with LAI and chlorophyll content. Overall, the work demonstrated the ability of terrestrial LiDAR for detailed canopy assessments and revealed the high complexity of the relationship between vertical LAD and reflectance.

MODERN ARCHITECTURE OF THE WORLD FINANCIAL MARKETS

The work presents modern tendencies of financial markets development, it analyses basic motive powers of financial markets after 2008 financial crisis including liquidity, financial risks, fund indicators, etc. The work explains Straus's effect, namely how sharp it is to increase the currency market influenced by the dynamic of fund markets. The article explains definite factors of goods market dynamic from a different point of view, from the view of fundamental and financial investors, namely, the work studied the increasing role of non-bank organizations on the currency market, the influence of structural changes of mediators on activation of financial investors’ work; on increasing their influential spheres and on increasing the raw materials activities dynamic in the world financial market.