Influence Of Storage Methods Research Articles

Influence of Storage Methods on the Vitality and Growth Rate of Macrofungi

The work contains a comparative analysis of methods for storing pure cultures of macrofungi. The study used 20 species of macrofungi from various taxonomic and ecological-trophic groups. Storage was carried out using five methods: serial subculturing, storage under a layer of distilled water and three cryopreservation protocols: a protocol using blocks of agar medium, a “perlite protocol” and a “grain protocol”. For the selected cryostorage methods, various cryoprotective compounds (glycerol, trehalose) were used. Radial growth rate was used as a criterion for the state of crops. The values of the radial growth rate obtained immediately after isolation of the pure culture were chosen as the control. It has been shown that the most favorable for preserving the physiological activity of cultures are the storage method under a layer of distilled water, “perlite” and “grain” cryopreservation protocols.

Influence of Storage Methods on the Vitality and Growth Rate of Macrofungi.

The work contains a comparative analysis of methods for storing pure cultures of macrofungi. The study used 20 species of macrofungi from various taxonomic and ecological-trophic groups. Storage was carried out using five methods: serial subculturing, storage under a layer of distilled water and three cryopreservation protocols: a protocol using blocks of agar medium, a "perlite protocol," and a "grain protocol." For the selected cryostorage methods, various cryoprotective compounds (glycerol, trehalose) were used. Radial growth rate was used as a criterion for the state of crops. The values of the radial growth rate obtained immediately after isolation of the pure culture were chosen as the control. It has been shown that the most favorable for preserving the physiological activity of cultures are the storage method under a layer of distilled water, "perlite" and "grain" cryopreservation protocols.

Influence of storage method on the content of photosynthetic pigments of the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica

Aquatic bryophytes are frequently used as bioindicators of water quality in rivers. Poor water quality increases physiological stress in moss, and stress levels can be estimated by measuring the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and by calculating pigmentary indices. However, studies collecting many samples in a short time may need to store them until analysis. In the meantime, the pigments may suffer some degradation. Given the lack of studies on this problem for aquatic bryophytes, this one investigates the effect of three storage methods (refrigerated at 6 °C, frozen at − 20 °C and dried at room temperature) on the concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, pheophytin a and the following ratios: chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b, D430/D410, D665/D665a, D430/D665 and D480/D665 (where Dx is the absorbance at x nm) in the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica. The results showed that refrigeration was the most suitable method, freezing might be suitable for some parameters, and drying was inadequate for this purpose. We recommend that all studies on photosynthetic pigments detail the time elapsed from collection to sample analysis, as well as the storage method used.

Intra-Body Variations of Stable Isotope Ratios (δ13C, δ15N) and Influence of Storage Methods in Aquatic and Post-Aquatic Stages of the Common Toad, Bufo bufo

Isotopic signatures of carbon and nitrogen are widely used for analysis of the structure of food webs in aquatic ecosystems. The study of animals raises a number of methodological questions, including choice of representative tissues and organs for sampling as well as storage of the studied organisms. Furthermore, the impacts of preservation methods can be tissue-specific, age-specific, and even taxon-specific; thus, studies of these impacts on particular taxa are necessary. We focused on the C and N isotope composition of the common toad (Bufo bufo), one of the most widespread European anuran amphibians. We hypothesized that its different tissues and organs may vary in isotopic composition, and ethanol and freezing may have different effects on isotopic values. Our results showed that both “tissue” and “storage method” factors significantly affected the δ13C values of tadpoles and postmetamorphic juveniles, whereas only the “tissue” factor had a significant effect on the δ15N values. The two stages, tadpoles and postmetamorphs, should be analyzed separately despite the brief postmetamorphic period of the juveniles. The skin, legs, muscles, and tail in tadpoles and legs, muscles and heart in juveniles can be used for δ13C and δ15N analysis regardless of the method of storage. The results will serve for the optimization of future study designs in isotopic ecology.

The influence of storage method on the transparency of pig crystalline lens.

The porcine eye is frequently used as a research model. This paper analyzes the effect of different storage methods on the transparency of pig crystalline lens. A spectral transmission curve (from 220 to 780 nm) for the crystalline lens was determined experimentally after storage in different conditions: saline solution, formalin, castor oil, and freezing at -80°C. The total transmission in the visible spectrum, which was used as an index of transparency, was calculated from these curves. For comparative purposes, fresh lenses were evaluated and used as controls. Storing the porcine crystalline lens in saline solution or castor oil resulted in a transparency loss of approximately 10% after 24 h and storage in formalin resulted in a loss of nearly 30%. Storage by freezing at -80°C for 4 weeks maintained the transparency of the crystalline lens; the spectral transmission measured immediately after defrosting at room temperature coincided exactly with that of the freshly extracted lens. The transparency of porcine crystalline lens is affected by the storage method. The visible spectrum is the most affected, evidenced by the effect on the transparency and consequently the amount of light transmitted. The results show that freezing at -80°C maintains the transpa rency of the crystalline lens for at least 4 weeks.

Variation in the Biochemical Composition of the Edible Seaweed Grateloupia turuturu Yamada Harvested from Two Sampling Sites on the Brittany Coast (France): The Influence of Storage Method on the Extraction of the Seaweed Pigment R‐Phycoerythrin

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the biochemical content of seaweeds varies according to seasonality in a restricted area. In this study, the influence of sampling site on the biochemical composition of the edible red seaweed Grateloupia turuturu Yamada was investigated, but not its variation over time. Some differences in water‐soluble protein (7.19 ± 0.74 mg · g−1 dw and 19.15 ± 0.47 mg · g−1 dw), water‐soluble carbohydrate (16.05 ± 0.82 mg · g−1 dw and 41.57 ± 0.66 mg · g−1 dw), and lipid contents (28.07 ± 5.12 mg · g−1 dw and 54.35 ± 2.05 mg · g−1 dw) were recorded between the two sites chosen on the Brittany coast (France). The yield of R‐phycoerythrin (R‐PE) contained in the seaweed also varied according to the sampling site (1.16 ± 0.33 mg · g−1 dw versus 4.39 ± 0.15 mg · g−1 dw). In addition, the effect of storage conditions on the preservation of R‐PE was studied. The results demonstrated that freezing is the best preservation method in terms of R‐PE extraction yield and purity index. In conclusion, this study shows that the sampling site influences the biochemical content of the red seaweed Grateloupia turuturu. Moreover, the extraction yield of R‐phycoerythrin and its purity index depend on both the sampling site and the sample storage method.

Influence of storage methods on ripening and microbial load of some Musa species

Influence of storage methods on ripening and microbial load of some Musa species

Fuel quality of Norway spruce stumps – influence of harvesting technique and storage method

The interest in using stump biomass as a biofuel has recently increased in Sweden. The uneven consumption of wood fuel during the year creates a need for storage. This study examined the properties of stump biomass and how they vary at two sites in Sweden depending on harvesting technique, storage method and storage period. Norway spruce stumps, extracted using three different stump harvesting heads (Pallari, Rotary Cutter and Aalto), were stored in windrows or heaps. After 3 months, stumps stored in heaps were gathered into windrows. The fuel quality parameters moisture content (MC), ash content (AC) and calorific value (CV) were evaluated on five occasions in the period May 2008–September 2009. After 16 months of storage, the MC in all treatments had decreased to <25% (wet basis). Average AC decreased from 3.8% to around 1% (dry basis), whereas CV marginally increased. Stumps split during harvesting dried better than those harvested in one piece. The influence of storage method was minimal, although initial storage in heaps allowed better drying in the stumps harvested in one piece. In general, fuel quality improved in all treatments after storage.

Influence of storage methods, refrigeration or freezing, on the toxicity of wastewater samples to oyster embryos

One of the main concerns in wastewater whole effluent assessment is the sampling phase and the sample chain of custody before any toxicity evaluation. The major problem is related to establishing the correct method for sample storage in order to perform toxicity bioassays. The toxicity of some domestic and glass factory industrial wastewater samples stored both by refrigeration at 4 ± 1 °C for no more than three days, and freezing at −18 ± 1 °C for no more than one month was compared via the embryo larval development bioassay with the oyster Crassostrea gigas. The results showed no significant differences between the toxicities of refrigerated and frozen wastewater samples. The wastewater classification, according to a score based on four toxicity classes, showed that the preservation methods did not alter the toxicity classification of the samples. In particular, it was demonstrated that the samples considered as ‘not acutely toxic’ after refrigeration were also found to have this classification after freezing.

Influence of Storage Methods on the Surface Roughness of Tissue Conditioners

The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of three kinds of storage methods on surface roughness of tissue conditioners. Four commercial tissue conditioners (GC Soft Liner, Softone, Fictioner, and Hydro-Cast) were used in this study. Five samples of each material were stored in distilled water, air, and a denture cleanser (Polident). Mean surface roughness (R(a)) values of dental stone casts made from the tissue conditioners were measured after 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of immersion using a profilometer. Significant differences in the R(a) values of the specimens were found among the three storage methods. The values of R(a) significantly increased with increase in immersion time for each storage method, except for the materials stored in air. It was found that the materials stored in air showed the most stable and lowest values of R(a). Results obtained suggested that a tissue conditioner exhibited smooth and minimal change in surface roughness with time when stored in air than in distilled water and denture cleanser.

Influence of Storage Methods on Total Nitrogen Analysis in Rice Leaves

Crop researchers often store ground plant tissue samples for considerable time before determining their nitrogen (N) concentration. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of storage methods and storage duration on total N analysis in rice leaves. The storage methods investigated were (1) keeping ground leaf tissue in a paper bag, (2) storage in a bottle with additional drying at 70°C for 24 h, or (3) in a bottle without additional drying. Paper bags and sealed bottles were kept under ambient condition. Leaf N concentration was measured about once a month for two years by micro-Kjeldahl method. Storage methods had little effect on leaf N concentration during the two-year storage period. The difference in leaf N concentration was 0.1–0.2 g kg−1 between the samples stored in paper bags and in bottles, which was less than 0.5% of mean value of leaf N concentration. Leaf N concentration was not affected over the two-year storage duration. These results suggest that it is sufficient to keep plant tissue samples in paper bags under ambient condition for at least two years for measurement of leaf N concentration.

Influence of storage methods on corn root length measurements

This study evaluated the changes in root length, mass, and diameter after air drying and rehydration of corn (Zea mays L.) root samples. For corn roots washed from soil, rehydrated root length was not reduced when compared with fresh root length, but rehydrated root mass was reduced to about half of fresh root mass, and rehydrated root diameter was approximately 75% of fresh diameter. Three storage methods (air dried, 70% ethanol, and 5% formaldehyde solution) were also compared for corn roots grown in moist paper towels. Although root mass and diameter were significantly reduced by air drying, root length was not altered by any of the treatments.

Influence of Storage Methods on the Utilization of Large Round Hay Bales by Beef Cows

Influence of Storage Methods on the Utilization of Large Round Hay Bales by Beef Cows

Studies on the Germination of Seeds of Bupleurum falcatum L. : II. Methods of hastening of germination and storage of the seeds

In part II, the results of experiments, carried out in 1971 and 1972, on the method of hastening of germination with low temperature treatment and that of storage of the seeds are reported. 1. The influence of storage methods ( T, four levels) and storage period (M, ten levels) on the germination was investigated. The effect of stratification (T3) was the most conspicuous, thc germination percentage and mean necessary time for germination of five month storage stratified in the ground (T3M5, 69.1%, 15.18 days) being superior to those of the control (T0M5, 57.4%, 25.12 days) by about ten per cent higher and ten days shorter respectively (Tables 1, 2 and 3). 2. It was observed that the stratification hastens the development of embryo, after-ripening protressing favorably as compared to the control (Table 4). 3. The influence of the period of low temperature treatment (T, 5°, five levels), the time of beginning of the low temperature treatment (D, number of days after sowing on moist filter paper in petri dishes, four levels), and time elapse after seed harvest (M, two levels) on the germination were investigated. The results with respect to the germination percentage showed that the main effect, D, T, and M and all of the interaction effects were very highly significant (Table 5a). 4. No effect of the low temperature treatment was observed on the germination percentage of the level D0 in which it was begun just when the seeds were sown in petri dishes (Table 5c). 5. Of the four levels of factor D, the germination percentage of the level D10 in which the low temperature treatment was begun ten days after sowing in petri dishes wad the highest, especially that of the plot of three-day treatment (D10T3) being the highest (66.8%) (Tables 5b and 5c). 6. In the level D20 in which the treatment was begun 20 days after sowing, the germination percentage of the plots of three-and five-day treatment (T3 and T5) were higher than that of the control (T0), while that of seven-day treatment (T7) was the lowest (Table 5c). 7. In the level D30 in which the treatment was begun 30 days after sowing, the germination percentage of the plot of one-day treatment was not effective, but those of more than three-day treatment (T3, T5, and T7) were higher than that of the control (T0), the longer the treatment the higher the germination percentage (Table 5c). 8. Regarding the mean necessary time for germination, that of the plot D10T3 was the shortest (22.06 days) of all the combinations of D and T.

Influence of Storage, Preservatives, Methods of Preparation, and Routes of Inoculation on Infectivity of T-Virus in Chicks

SUMMARY The influence of storage methods, preservative, inoculum preparation, and routes of administration on the infectivity of the T-virus was studied in chicks. Intact livers maintained at -56 C remained infective after 4 years. Preservation with glycerine, dimethylsulfoxide, phosphate-buffered saline, or lyophilization was more effective in maintaining infectivity than was storing intact livers. Cell-free infected plasma and supernatant fluid from macerated infected livers were as infective as cellular inocula prepared from macerated livers.