Influence Of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Research Articles

Bubble-injection and seeding enabled crystallization of erythritol/xylitol eutectic phase change material

The utilization of Erythritol/xylitol eutectic material for low-temperature thermal energy storage and thermal management holds great promise. However, its inability to undergo spontaneous nucleation and crystallization poses a significant obstacle. This research paper introduces a novel nucleation technique that combines gas injection agitation and seeding to address this issue. The study aims to investigate the impact of gas injection tube diameter, thermal environment, and gas injection duration on the nucleation and crystallization characteristics of the material. Experimental analysis reveals that, under optimal conditions, the solidification enthalpy reaches 203.1 J/g, equivalent to 85% of the melting enthalpy. Additionally, the material exhibits excellent thermal cycle stability, with no observed phase separation or deterioration after 100 heating and cooling cycles. Furthermore, the influence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) nanoparticle additives on nucleation is explored. Different MWCNT additive mass fractions are compared. The obtained results underscore the significance of understanding the effects of gas injection parameters and nanoparticle additives on nucleation and crystallization processes. The enhanced solidification enthalpy, remarkable thermal cycle stability, and insights into MWCNT effects pave the way for broader applications of this promising phase change material in thermal energy storage and thermal management.

Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and properties of Sn-58Bi solder alloys

The influence of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) content on the melting properties, wettability, microstructure, and intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of Sn-58Bi-xMWCNT (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.10 wt.%) and the effects of MWCNT on the tensile strength of Cu/Sn-58Bi-xMWCNT/Cu solder joint were analyzed. The results show that MWCNT addition at a small trace amount into Sn-58Bi solder could increase the spreading area of Sn-58Bi solder, refine the solder matrix microstructure, inhibit the growth of interfacial IMCs, and significantly improve the tensile strength of Sn-58Bi solder joints. However, the melting point and melting range remained the same or slightly changed. The wettability of Sn-58Bi alloys increased first and then decreased with the addition of MWCNT. The spreading area and the tensile strength of solder joint were the maximum when the MWCNT content was 0.01 wt.%, and they were 42.23 mm2 and 50.07 MPa, respectively. The reason may be related to the improved microstructure of solder alloys and the morphology of IMCs due to MWCNT addition at trace level.

Influence of MWCNT’s waviness and aggregation factors on wave dispersion response of MWCNT-strengthened nanocomposite curved beam

This article focuses on the impact of waviness and aggregation of nanofillers on wave dispersion behavior of the nanocomposite curved beam strengthened with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In fact, the aggregation phenomenon is an inevitable subject in the manufacturing process of strengthened nanocomposite materials. Furthermore, in reality, usage of straight nanoreinforcements is almost impossible. So, MWCNTs can be wavy. These noted topics can significantly affect mechanical behavior of reinforced nanocomposite structures. In the current investigation, aggregation and waviness factors are accounted for through a modified Halpin-Tsai micromechanical homogenization model. The relations of kinetic and kinematic of MWCNTs-reinforced nanocomposite curved beam are expressed by employing Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The governing equations are obtained by using Hamiltonian approach. The obtained equations are solved via an analytical solution to attain the wave dispersion values. The precision of the obtained outcomes is verified by the reported outcomes in the literature. Finally, the impacts of various important parameters such as aggregation and waviness factor, wave number and opening angles are examined.

The Influence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Additives on Performance and Emission of CI Engine Using Blends of Non-Edible (Jatropha Methyl Esters) Biodiesel & Diesel

Abstract: This paper investigates the performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder diesel engine under various concentration of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) in blends B20 and B30 biodiesel were investigated to establish the effect of MWCNT as nano-additive on the blends biodiesel used in diesel engine and aims to reduce the emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere.

In English

We investigated influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) on spectral characteristics of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes”on the base of butadiene-nitrile rubber at 0–10 % of CNTs. IR reflectance maxima of composites were measured in the spectral area of the rubber CH deformation and valence vibrations. IR absorption spectra of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes” after vulcanization includes some giant two-polar oscillations. IR absorption spectrum of composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes” at 1 % of CNTs without vulcanization includes the alone two-polar oscillation. Two-photon interference is a result of quantum entanglement of dipole-active vibrations and photon splitting according to Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) quantum effect. Two-photon maximal entanglement saturation is called as Bell states. HOM quantum effect is perspective for high-coherent optical quantum computers on composites “rubber-carbon nanotubes”.

Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of Mechanisms of Enhanced Oil Recovery via Nanoparticle-Surfactant Solutions

The enhancement in surfactant performance at downhole conditions in the presence of nanomaterials has fascinated researchers’ interest regarding the applications of nanoparticle-surfactant (NPS) fluids as novel enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. However, the governing EOR mechanisms of hydrocarbon recovery using NPS solutions are not yet explicit. Pore-scale visualization experiments clarify the dominant EOR mechanisms of fluid displacement and trapped/residual oil mobilization using NPS solutions. In this study, the influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles on the EOR properties of a conventional surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, SDBS) was investigated via experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation approaches. Oil recovery was reduced with increased temperatures and micromodel heterogeneity. Adding nanoparticles to SDBS solutions decreases the fingering and channeling effect and increases the recovery factor. The simulation prediction results agreed with the experimental results, which demonstrated that the lowest amount of oil (37.84%) was retained with the micromodel after MWCNT-SDBS flooding. The oil within the micromodel after Al2O3-SDBS and SiO2-SDBS flooding was 58.48 and 43.42%, respectively. At 80 °C, the breakthrough times for MWCNT-SDBS, Al2O3-SDBS, and SiO2-SDBS displacing fluids were predicted as 32.4, 29.3, and 21 h, respectively, whereas the SDBS flooding and water injections at similar situations were at 12.2 and 6.9 h, respectively. The higher oil recovery and breakthrough time with MWCNTs could be attributed to their cylindrical shape, promoting the MWCNT-SDBS orientation at the liquid–liquid and solid–liquid interfaces to reduce the oil–water interfacial tension and contact angles significantly. The study highlights the prevailing EOR mechanisms of NPS.

Tribological characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite filled with ceramic particles: Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Tribological characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite filled with ceramic particles: Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Implementation of Passing Vehicle Search Algorithm for Optimization of WEDM Process of Nickel-Based Superalloy Waspaloy.

Nickel-based superalloys find their main use in missile engines, atomic devices, investigational aircraft, aerospace engineering, industrial applications, and automotive gas turbines, spacecraft petrochemical tools, steam power, submarines, and broader heating applications. These superalloys impose certain difficulties during the process fabrication owing to their levels of higher hardness. In the current study, the precise machining of Waspaloy was attempted through the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) technique. A multi-objective optimization has been performed, and the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been assessed using the passing vehicle search (PVS) algorithm. The effects of machining variables like current, Toff, and Ton were studied using the output measures of material removal rate (MRR), recast layer thickness (RLT), and surface roughness (SR). The Box-Behnken design was applied to generate the experimental matrix. Empirical models were generated which show the interrelationship among the process variables and output measures. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was used to check the adequacy, and suitability of the models and to understand the significance of the parameters. The PVS technique was executed for the optimization of MRR, SR, and RLT. Pareto fronts were derived which gives a choice to the user to select any point on the front as per the requirement. To enhance the machining performance, MWCNTs mixed dielectric fluid was utilized, and the effect of these MWCNTs was also analyzed on the surface defects. The use of MWCNTs at 1 g/L enhanced the performance of MRR, SR, and RLT by 65.70%, 50.68%, and 40.96%, respectively. Also, the addition of MWCNTs has shown that the machined surface largely reduces the surface defects.

Tribological Performance for Steel–Steel Contact Interfaces Using Hybrid MWCNTs/Al2O3 Nanoparticles as Oil-Based Additives in Engines

Numerous problems occur during engine operation, such as start-up, lack of lubrication, and overheating, resulting in engine components’ wear, power loss, and fuel consumption. Nanomaterials dispersed in engine oil can play an important role in improving the tribological properties of oil lubricants. This study investigated the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) as nano-additives for lubricants. Different engine oil samples were loaded with 0.5–2.0 wt% Al2O3 NPs and 0.5–1.0 wt% MWCNTs and compared with unmodified oil. The tribological performance of the nano lubricants was investigated using the four-ball test method. In addition, the wear scar in the engine was evaluated using 3D micrographs and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the sliding surfaces with hybrid MWCNTs/Al2O3 NPs showed better friction performance and wear resistance. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear scar width were improved by 47.9% and 51.5%, respectively, compared with unmodified oil.

Carbon nanotube-based surfaces: Effect on the inhibition of single- and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis

This study aimed to investigate the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) loading on the antibiofilm activity of MWCNT/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) composites against single- and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. MWCNT/PDMS composites containing different MWCNT loadings (1, 2, and 3 wt%) were synthesized and tested for their ability to reduce biofilm formation. Surfaces were evaluated using a parallel plate flow chamber for 24 h under the hydrodynamic conditions prevailing in urinary catheters. Biofilm formation by E. coli and E. faecalis was assessed by determining the number of total, viable and culturable cells, and the biofilm architecture was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results revealed that the composite with the highest MWCNT loading (3%) was the most effective against E. coli and E. faecalis biofilms. When compared with bare PDMS, it significantly reduced the number of total (63%), viable (74%), and culturable (77%) cells of E. faecalis biofilms, and the number of viable (50%) and culturable (64%) cells of E. coli biofilms. The effect of these MWCNT-based composites on the inhibition of biofilm formation was corroborated by CLSM, where reductions of up to 57% and 64% in biofilm biovolume and thickness, respectively, were observed. Even though dual-species biofilms presented lower susceptibility to the antimicrobial activity of MWCNT/PDMS composites, a reduction of 32% in the number of culturable cells was obtained with 3% MWCNT/PDMS surfaces. Taken together, these results suggest that MWCNT/PDMS composites are promising materials for developing novel antimicrobial and antifouling coatings for urinary tract devices.

Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in polytetrafluoroethylene on the parameters of electronic structure and absorption of ultra-high-frequency radiation

Using the methods of angular correlation of annihilation radiation (ACAR), attenuation of electromagnetic radiation in 1.5–2.2 GHz frequency range, and optical ellipsometry, it was shown that in composites of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) + multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a 2% decrease in the probability of annihilation of positrons in free volumes in PTFE leads to changes in other parameters of electronic structure of composites by 8–29%. Polytetrafluoroethylene is transparent to electromagnetic radiation, but after the addition of 10 wt.% or more of MWCNTs, the composites demonstrate 200–410-fold decrease in the electromagnetic radiation intensity when the radiation passes through a specimen with a thickness of ≈2 mm. It was found that the average radius of the free volumes and the probability of annihilation of positrons are determined by the defect and electronic structures of the polymer matrix only. The Fermi angle and the probability of positrons annihilation with free electrons are determined by the analogous structures of MWCNTs only. Since the electronic characteristics of the atoms and defects in the polymer matrix (at least outside the interphase) do not change, the changes in the other ACAR parameters are mainly due to changes in the imperfect MWCNTs’ atomic and electronic structures. The average radius of free volumes reaches its maximum value in the composite with 10 wt.% MWCNTs. It was found that in a specimen with 10 wt.% MWCNTs, the highest density of free electrons is observed due to charge transfer from free volumes to MWCNTs, and the highest electron density is observed on defects. A disorder of MWCNTs and their branched conductive network can form the ‘tails’ of electronic density of states in a band gap. Thus, composite with 10 wt.% MWCNTs has the highest absorption coefficient for electromagnetic radiation.

A study on activated carbon and carbon nanotube based consolidated composite adsorbents for cooling applications

MWCNT based composites enhance the thermal conductivity of the parent activated carbon, and they exhibit a higher volumetric cooling effect than other promising composites. • Synthesis of Activated carbon (AC)-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites. • AC-MWCNT composites possess higher packing density than parent AC. • AC-MWCNT composites reveal improved thermal conductivity over parent AC. • MWCNT contributes to the CO 2 adsorption capacity of composite adsorbents. • AC-MWCNT composites exhibit improved SCE and COP over other AC-based composites. Activated carbon (AC)/CO 2 pair is very promising for developing an efficient adsorption cooling system (ACS). However, the low packing density and poor heat transfer properties of activated carbon-based ACS prevent their widespread adoption. Addressing these issues, this study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of AC-based consolidated composites comprising Maxsorb III (one type of AC) as adsorbent, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as thermal conductivity enhancer (TCE), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the binder. The influence of MWCNT on the porous properties, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and CO 2 adsorption capacity of composite adsorbents has been experimentally investigated. Besides, performance parameters, including the specific cooling effect (SCE) and coefficient of performance (COP), have been theoretically determined under different working conditions. Porous properties results show that developed composites are microporous like AC and exhibit high surface area and pore volume compared to other AC-based composite adsorbents developed so far. The incorporation of MWCNT into AC results in enhancing packing density, thermal diffusivity, and conductivity. One of the developed composites exhibits 2.47 and 3.5 times higher packing density and thermal conductivity than that of parent AC. Besides, the CO 2 adsorption study concludes regarding the contribution of MWCNT in the CO 2 adsorption capacity of composite adsorbents, which in turn results in the improved CO 2 uptake, SCE, and COP over other AC composites found in the literature. This study's findings will greatly stimulate the development of an efficient and compact adsorption cooling system.

Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the multi-scale performance of internally cured concrete containing pre-wetted lightweight aggregate

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is an effective reinforcing nanomaterial in concrete given its outstanding filling, nucleation and bridging effects. This study evaluates the enhancement of MWCNTs on internally cured concrete (ICC) containing pre-wetted lightweight aggregate (LWA) through mechanical tests, SEM-EDS and XRD evaluations. The variations in the dosages of MWCNTs and LWA and the connection between water-to-binder (w/b) ratios and MWCNT dosages were considered. Results show that adding MWCNTs benefits the mechanical performance of LWA-ICC but at a dosage of less than 0.25 wt%. A richer C–S–H phase can be identified in both the interfacial transition zone and the general matrix with the addition of MWCNTs. The internal curing of LWA presents a positive synergistic effect with MWCNTs and can offset the adverse influence of LWA’s low-strength given a dosage of less than 40 vol%. An increased w/b ratio leads to a porous microstructure with a richer phase in calcium hydroxide, resulting in decreased mechanical performance. However, the negative effect of a high w/b ratio, i.e., 0.55, on concrete performance can be improved given a higher MWCNT dosage of 0.25 wt%.

Influence of multiwalled carbon nanotube on progressive damage of epoxy/carbon fiber reinforced structural composite

AbstractThe present work aims to demonstrate the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on mechanical behavior and damage of woven carbon fiber/epoxy composites through experimental characterizations and multi‐scale modeling. Tensile tests were conducted for MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites, and carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced laminated open hole composites with different MWCNT weight ratios. The tensile modulus in CNT/epoxy nanocomposite was enhanced by 15.0%, 37.86%, and 22.86% for MWCNT reinforcement of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% wt, respectively. The corresponding improvement of tensile modulus for woven composites was 3.45%, 10.25%, and 1.53%; whereas tensile strength was increased by 19.76%, 25.78%, and 6.70%. The enhancement of tensile modulus and strength was less for 1.5% wt MWCNT laminates due to the formation of MWCNT agglomeration. The effective elastic isotropic/orthotropic properties for nanocomposite/woven composite were estimated through Mori‐Tanaka approach and numerical homogenization. The finite element simulations were performed with Hashin's damage model and extended finite element method‐based crack growth study. The delaminations between layers have been demonstrated through cohesive zone modeling. Damage propagation, interface delamination, and fiber/matrix failure were demonstrated by numerical simulations in line with scanning electron microscope observations.

Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) content on metal friction and wear in thermally cracked carbon black (CBp) formulation system during mixing

As the essential mixing equipment, long hours of work can cause wear and tear on the end face of the compactor. The wear of the end faces leads to an increase in the gap between the chamber and the end faces, which leads to leakage, reduces the mixing effect, and ultimately affects the rubber properties. Therefore, it is necessary to study the end face metal wear during the mixing process. Thermally cracked carbon black, as recycled material for scrap rubber, can be used as a substitute for other carbon blacks in some fields, vastly reducing the production cost and promoting the reuse of scrap rubber. In this paper, thermally cracked carbon black (CBp) was mixed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and added rubber by mechanical blending to obtain CBp/MWCNTs composites. The synergistic mechanism of CBp and MWCNTs was investigated to analyze the effect of CBp/MWCNTs ratios on the frictional wear of metal on the end face of the compactor. The results showed that MWCNTs cooperated with CBp particles to form a three-dimensional “grape bunch” network structure. On the one hand, the three-dimensional “grape bunch” network structure can adsorb CBp particles to promote the dispersion of CBp particles. On the other hand, the three-dimensional “grape bunch” network structure can also hinder the overflow of aromatic oil and affect oil film formation. At the same time, the three-dimensional “grape bunch” network structure can also form a physical isolation layer between the rubber and the metal. This significantly influences the degree of CBp particle dispersion, friction coefficient, metal surface roughness, and metal wear. It seems that the synergistic effect between MWCNTs and CBp particles is maximized when the content of MWCNTs in CBp/MWCNTs composites is 4 phr, the area of CBp/MWCNTs three-dimensional mesh is maximized, the dispersion of CBp particles is the best, and the wear of CBp/MWCNTs composites on metal is the lowest.

Influence of MWCNTs on strength properties of high viscous epoxy adhesive and fracture behavior of adhesively bonded joints

In this research, the combined effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) addition, functionalization, and filler concentration on mechanical properties of high viscous structural adhesive and strength characteristics of adhesively bonded joints were experimentally investigated. Two configurations of lap joints: single lap joint (SLJ) and double lap strap joint (DLSJ) were manufactured with Araldite 2011 adhesive. Aluminum alloy 5083 was used as adherends in the fabrication of the lap joints. Non-functionalized, carboxylate (COOH), and amine (NH2) functionalized MWCNTs were added in amounts of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 wt% in the host resin. Solution mixing technique was used for mixing of MWCNTs in the host resin. The prepared adhesive was then used to make bulk adhesive samples and lap joints. The strength properties of epoxy adhesive and lap shear joints were determined by tensile testing of the specimens. For adhesive, a maximum reduction of 54% in elastic modulus and 23% in tensile strength was observed with the addition of 1 wt% functionalized MWCNTCOOH. The decrease in strength was inversely related to failure strain, consequently increasing the toughness characteristics of the adhesive. The lap joints showed a significant improvement in joint strength with the added MWCNTs. A maximum improvement of 60% for SLJ and 31% for DLSJ was observed with the addition of 1 wt% non-functionalized MWCNTs. ANOVA study was performed for the evaluation of data variation and interaction. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was utilized for the analysis of fracture surfaces, and the correlation between nano-reinforcement and strengthening mechanisms was critically discussed.

Numerical investigation of TiO2 and MWCNTs turbine meter oil nanofluids: Flow and hydrodynamic properties

The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on lubricant and fluid flow within natural gas turbine meters. In light of this purpose, disparate concentration of TiO2 NPs (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 wt%), various volume flow rates 0.14, 0.35, and 0.12 cm3S were employed for experimental analyses. In the facet of simulation, Gambit software version 2. 4. 6 to mesh oil pathway and Fluent software version for solving the equations were utilized. It was revealed that the pressure drop in the presence of nanoparticles was increased. Moreover, there was an increase in pressure drop value with raising the NPs concentration; for instance, the pressure drop value of MWCNTs-containing nanofluids at the volume flow rate of 0.35 cm enhanced from 92.72 Pa to 94.64 Pa as the NPs concentration raised from 0.1 to 0.3. Furthermore, modeling outcomes corroborated the uptrend in pressure drop value by increasing the volume flow rate and reported the maximum pressure drop value of 0.12 cm3S. On the other hand, the numerical results revealed that the friction coefficient is directly and inversely proportional to NPs concentration and the volume flow rates, sequentially. Additionally, with increasing the volume flow rate, the entrance length increased, and reaching the developed state was delayed. It is worth noting as the final finding of this study that increasing the NPs concentration resulted in decreasing the entrance length and the fast reaching of the developed state.

Flexible Electromagnetic Shielding Material Using Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Coated Cotton Fabric

The present work focuses on the development of cotton fabric with multi-walled carbon nanotube coating (CMC) through a dip and dry process. The influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) concentration on transmission, reflection, and absorption properties, which leads to an estimation of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, was also studied. The merits of MWCNTs coating on the cotton fabric were evaluated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and surface resistivity. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy result supports the bonding between MWCNTs and cotton fabric. The significant increase of 98.9% of EMI shielding for the highest MWCNTs weight percentage (22.23 wt%) was attributed due to the well-interconnected network of MWCNTs. The shielding mechanism in the high wt% MWCNTs samples is dominated by both reflection and absorption properties.

Bending response analysis of a laminated, tapered, curved, composite panel made from an agglomerated and wavy MWCNT–glass fiber–polymer hybrid

The work investigates the influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the bending behavior of laminated, spherical, cylindrical, hyperbolic, and elliptical tapered composite panels made from a MWCNT–glass fiber–polymer hybrid and subjected to transverse loading conditions. The deflection and stress behavior of the composite panels were studied by developing a mathematical model based on high-order shear deformation theory using finite element (FE) formulation. In this context, the agglomeration and waviness of MWCNTs were modeled and characterized using the Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka approach and a continuum mechanics based 3-D representative volume element (RVE), respectively. Subsequently, glass fiber was introduced as a reinforcement phase, and the elastic properties of the three-phase hybrid composite material were obtained using the Chamis model. The developed FE formulation was validated theoretically and experimentally. Further, detailed parametric studies were performed to examine the influence of micromechanical and structural characteristics such as weight fraction of MWCNTs, weight fraction of fiber, type of load, taper configuration, curved geometry, curvature ratio, and length to thickness ratio of the panel on the bending behavior of the composite panels. The effective laminated tapered curved composite panel, TC-3, tailored with improved MWCNT characteristics, can substantially resist the stresses from a bending load.

Influence of multiwall carbon nanotubes and styrene acrylic acid on morphology and thermal properties relationship of 80/20 PA6/ABS blends

ABSTRACT Polyamide-6 (PA6), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), and its blends with compatibiliser (styrene acrylic acid: SAA, multiwall carbon nanotubes: MWNT, and a combination of MWNT and SAA, respectively) have been investigated. It was found that compatibiliser SAA, MWNT, and the combination of MWNT and SAA help refine the morphology. It includes the decrease in the diameter of the droplets, decreases in interparticle ligament thickness (IPDC), and increase in interfacial area per unit volume (Ai) of the dispersed phase (ABS) in the PA6 matrix. In addition, the morphology crystallinity and thermal stability correlations reveal the behaviour of the blend. Crystallinity and thermal stability of combinations will be maximum when the droplet diameter and critical inter-particle distance must be minimum and interfacial area per unit volume must be foremost.