Influence Of Infectious Diseases Research Articles

The impact of urbanization on growth patterns of non‐adults in medieval England

AbstractIncreasing urbanization seen during the medieval period (7th to 16th centuries) is associated with adverse living conditions that may have negatively impacted childhood growth via the influence of infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies due to increasing population density and periodic food shortages. This study aims to compare the growth of non‐adults (less than 12 years of age) from urban, proto‐urban, and rural environments from medieval England to determine whether settlement type influenced child health, and by proxy overall population health, during this period. Tibial and femoral maximum diaphyseal lengths and dental age of non‐adults (0–12 years) from urban St. Gregory's Priory (n = 60), urban York Barbican (n = 16), proto‐urban Black Gate (n = 38), and rural Raunds (n = 30) were examined using z‐scores. The results reveal that non‐adults < 2 years from St. Gregory's Priory had the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and York Barbican with the highest growth values. Further, non‐adults 2–12 years from York Barbican had the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and St. Gregory's Priory with the higher growth values. The femoral and tibial diaphyseal growth values are explored within the context of breastfeeding and weaning practices, stability of economies, and environmental conditions.

Influence of infectious diseases on detection of antibodies to treponema pallidum

The problem of the spread of syphilis is becoming acute due to the rapid increase in the number of initially detected cases of the disease. When analyzing and interpreting the obtained laboratory data, there is always the possibility of obtaining contradictory results, both false positive and false negative, which do not coincide with the clinical picture of the patient. Since in practice false positive results of serological tests for syphilis are detected more often than false negative ones, special importance is attached to the identification and study of the causes of their occurrence. At the analysis stage, the cause may be the cross-reactivity of the test system with various ‘particles’ in the analyzed samples, due to the peculiarities of its design and antigenic composition. For this work, sets of reagents Abbott GmbH (CMIA), Mindray (CLIA), as well as reagents produced by Vector-Best (ELISA) were used. During the study, it was found that one of the possible ‘particles’ leading to cross-reactivity of test systems may be IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus.

Review on diseases and health management of poultry and swine

Poultry and swine production play an important role in countries' socioeconomic development by providing proteins that support food and nutrition security. However, several infectious and non-infectious diseases hinder the production of swine and poultry. Therefore, this review aim to provide highlight of the common disease and health management of poultry and swine. Poultry production has suffered from different pathogenic microorganisms that cause devastating economic losses in poultry industries worldwide. Poultry can be infected with common diseases like endoparasites, ectoparasites, infectious bronchitis, Marek's disease, fowl cholera, salmonellosis, infectious coryza, fowl pox, avian encephalomyelitis, etc. Health management is a system of preventive medicine that considers the whole poultry farms and the total influences, including social, with respect to relationships with others in the flock, psychological, and environmental factors that affect health. Swine production can be destructed by the influence of infectious diseases, which include Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Trichinella spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter, and Leprospira. This all causes respiratory problems, leg problems, reproductive disorders, gastrointestinal problems, claw and skin problems, parasitic infections, and piglet mortality. Endoparasites and ectoparasites are regarded as the most significant constraints for welfare and health, as well as economic loss, in swine production, particularly during the post-weaning period. However, health management of swine production can reduce the effect of disease and optimize their productivity. Herd health management practices include vaccination, genetic improvement, and observation for all animals’ clinical signs, record keeping, detection and treatment of injury, sanitation, disease, pest control, and animal handlers. Generally, disease has a great risk to the health of poultry and swine animals that causes a decrement in their production. Therefore, the health management on poultry and swine farms should have to be strictly measured and further studies need to be conducted to solve the major problem of economic loss of production.

Gallic acid functionalized polylysine for endowing cotton fiber with antibacterial, antioxidant, and drug delivery properties

In recent years, the serious influence of infectious diseases on public health and economy development has raised global awareness of the importance of medical textiles for preventing and curing injuries and diseases. The application of biomass molecules is a feasible and sustainable approach to design multipurpose medical materials. In this work, a novel cotton fiber with antibacterial, antioxidant, and drug delivery properties was prepared using gallic acid functionalized polylysine (GA-PL). GA-PL was synthesized by immobilizing GA onto PL using the carbodiimide coupling method. The content of GA immobilized onto PL was 117.9 mg/g. The as-prepared GA-PL was grafted onto oxidized cotton by means of the Schiff base reaction between the amino groups of GA-PL and the aldehyde groups of oxidized cotton. The content of GA-PL grafted onto cotton fiber was 205.1 mg/g. GA-PL grafted cotton fiber exhibited not only durable antibacterial and antioxidant activities but also good drug loading and releasing properties for acetylsalicylic acid. This work presents a novel, cleaner, and sustainable approach to prepare medical cotton fibers with bioactive and drug delivery properties.

The Influence of Infectious Diseases on the Demography of the Population of the Foothill Kuban (on the Example of the Cholera Epidemic of 1910)

The Influence of Infectious Diseases on the Demography of the Population of the Foothill Kuban (on the Example of the Cholera Epidemic of 1910)

Determinant Of Chronic Energy Deficiency (Kek) In Pregnant Women In The Working Area Of Siak Hulu Iii Health Center Of Kampar Regency

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) pregnant women is a situation where a pregnant woman experiences nutritional deficiencies (calories and protein) that have long or chronic competition. In 2018, national the prevalence of CED in pregnant women is 17,3%, and the Siak Health Center prevalence of CED deficiency in pregnant women was 21,4%. The purpose of this research was to determine the factors that influence the CED in pregnant women in the working area of the Siak Hulu III Health Center of Kampar district. The method of this research was a descriptive quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The sample was 70 respondents in the working area Puskesmas Siak Hulu III. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with the dependent variable, namely pregnant women with CED if the upper circumference <23,5 cm, and the dependent variable was knowledge, infectious disease, family income, parity, and hyperemesis gravidarum. The data analysis was a bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. The instrument used questionnaires and data processing using computerized. The results showed a correlation between knowledge on pregnant women CED (p-value 0,158 OR = 2,602), the influence of infectious diseases on pregnant women CED (p-value 0,003 OR = 5,881), family income (p-value 0,025 OR = 0,231), parity) (p-value 0,025 OR = 4,333), and hyperemesis gravidarum (p-value 0,017 OR = 3,934). It can be concluded that there is an influence between infectious disease, family income, parity, hyperemesis gravidarum, and health workers, in particular, are expected to be able to provide information.

A comparison study on the life expectancy among residents in Fujian province, 1990-2010

To analyze the change of life expectancy (LE) among residents of Fujian province over the past two decade and to evaluate the impact of age and causes of death on the differences related to LE. Mortality data from Causes of Death Surveillance System of Ministry of Health in Fujian province during 1990-2010 were used to calculate the life expectancy, and Arriaga decomposition method was applied to quantitatively evaluate its changes, based on the age-specific and cause-specific mortality. The LE in urban and rural residents of Fujian province had an increase of 5.82 and 11.67 years during the past two decade, respectively, which were higher in urban residents than in rural residents. Although the increment of LE was higher in rural populations than in urban population, the difference of LE between urban and rural was seen narrowed. The contribution rate of children on LE was reducing and the contribution rate of children below 14 years old to LE in rural resident declined from 78.29% to 31.23%. Middle age and elderly populations had become the major ones that causing the change of LE. The impact of cancer, respiratory diseases and cerebrovascular diseases on LE in urban residents was reducing, while the influence of infectious disease, nervous system disease and cardiac disease was increasing, causing the LE of urban resident increased 1.54,0.67 and 0.49 years, respectively. The impact of respiratory diseases, digestive system diseases, as well as injury and poisoning on LE in the rural residents was reducing, while the effect of cancer, cerebrovascular and cardiac disease increased, causing the LE in the rural resident increased 1.23 years. Different causes of death had different impact on the LE in each age group. To reduce the mortality rate in the middle-aged and elderly population and to control the incidence of non-communicable diseases could help to improve the LE in the residents of Fujian province.

The Influence of Infectious Diseases on Dentistry

ABSTRACT Dentistry, predominantly a surgical field with frequent exposure to blood and body fluids, is a high-risk occupation with respect to occupationally acquiring infectious diseases. On the same note, patients are also at risk of being infected, if adequate infection control measures are not strictly followed. Traditionally, based on the routes of disease transmission, we can categorize diseases that are bloodborne, airborne and also through fomites. Within these traditional categories also fall the new and emerging diseases that have had serious public health consequences of morbidity and mortality. As a health care provider, dentists must understand the impact of these diseases, and strictly implement practical disease control measures during provision of dental care and reduce the spread within the clinical arena. Common diseases of public health concern that need to be addressed are bloodborne diseases, such as hepatitis A, E, B, C, D and G, HIV; respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), AH1N1 influenza and immunizable childhood diseases. Apart from infection control measures, we must implement public health policy measures, such as immunization of current and prospective health care personnel (students in the dental profession) against immunizable diseases, utilize disease screening measures, postexposure disease control measures and utilize standard and additional precautions, the latter as required in certain instances.

Multiculturalism, Racism and Infectious Disease in the Global City: The Experience of the 2003 SARS Outbreak in Toronto

The 2003 SARS outbreak in Toronto, which killed forty-four and made hundreds sick, tested the multicultural model often presented as the reason for making that city a livable global metropolis. Billed as the “Chinese disease,” SARS connected seamlessly with previous periods of racializing disease assumed to originate from migrants and foreigners in North America. Yet when restaurants in the city’s three Chinatowns remained empty for weeks and close contact with Chinese citizens was avoided by others in public, the dynamics that unfolded also tied in with a new development in Toronto: the formation of the global city. As news on the SARS outbreak spread and the intricate details of travel patterns and infection-pathways became clearer, the relationships of Toronto diasporic communities and business ties with other globalizing cities like Hong Kong, Guangzhou and Singapore became obvious, and Toronto’s vulnerability in the network of global flows of finance, culture, commodities and people was exposed. Our paper provides a narrative of the racialization of infectious disease in the context of Toronto’s multiculturalism and the region’s formation as a major global city. Providing evidence of racialization in public discourse, everyday practices and institutional policies, we advance the hypothesis that the SARS outbreak strained the usually happy appearance of this particular multicultural urban fabric of diversity. This analysis is part of a long-term research project at York University on SARS and the Global City, which addresses the network connectivity of Toronto in the global city hierarchy; the influence of infectious disease; and the re-scaling of the health governance system in Toronto in the wake of the SARS outbreak.

The influence of infectious diseases on population genetics

Malaria is the vector-transmitted disease that causes the highest morbidity and mortality in humans. Motivated by the known influence of sickle-cell anemia on the morbidity and mortality of malaria-infected humans, we study the effect of malaria on the genetic composition of a host (human) population where sickle-cell anemia is prevalent and malaria is endemic. The host subpopulations are therefore classified according to three genotypes, AA, AS, and SS. It is known that AA malaria-infected individuals experience higher malaria-induced mortality than AS or SS individuals. However, individuals carrying the S gene are known to experience a higher mortality rate in a malaria-free environment than those who lack such a gene. The tradeoffs between increased fitness for some types in the presence of disease (a population level process) and reduced fitness in a disease-free environment are explored in this manuscript. We start from the published results of an earlier model and proceed to remove some model restrictions in order to better understand the impact on the natural hosts' genetics in an environment where malaria is endemic.

Influence of infectious diseases on eye affections

Influence of infectious diseases on eye affections

On the treatment of schizophrenia by malaria inoculation. Wiesel and Markuszewicz (Warsz. Czasop. Lek., 1927, no. 7)

Already in ancient medical literature there are indications of the beneficial influence of infectious diseases on the course of psychoses. In 1879, Rosenblum (Odessa) was the first to inoculate the mentally ill with relapsing typhus and in 22 cases had 11 cures and 3 improvements (the remaining 8 cases were unchanged). In 1917, Wagner Juregg began inoculating malaria in progressive paralysis. Repeated observations of schizophrenics who recovered clinically under the influence of accidental infection (sore throat, typhus) led Wiesel and Markuszewicz to test malaria vaccination in 46 schizophrenics, of whom 27 had already completed observations.

Resorption of Lymphoid Vegetations at the Vault of the Pharynx under the Influence of Infectious Disease

Resorption of Lymphoid Vegetations at the Vault of the Pharynx under the Influence of Infectious Disease