Influence Of External Factors Research Articles

ВЫБОР ПАРАМЕТРОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПОГЛОЩАЮЩЕГО АППАРАТА, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИХ ЕГО БЕЗОТКАЗНОСТЬ

The problems to plan and ensure a given level of reliability of mechanical systems at all stages of their design and operation occupy an important place in the problem of ensuring the quality of machine-building products. With a significant number of scientific methods and approaches to solving theoretical and applied issues of reliability theory, one of the key directions is to determine the reliability indicators of technical systems and their elements, in particular a wide range of products including sliding friction pairs with periodic impacts. The study of failure origins, from the point of view of physical-mechanical processes occurring in surface layers of elements, under the influence of external factors, allows selecting parameters characterizing the functional state of the pair, and, as a result, its reliability. For example, for sliding friction pairs with periodic impacts, such a parameter is the geometric dimensions of the conjugate elements. The decrease in the geometric dimensions of conjugate elements, due to wear, characterizes the rate of change of the initial parameter values to the maximum permissible ones determining the failure, and can be approximated by linear, power, exponential and other dependencies obtained from actual measurements. According to the obtained functional dependencies of parameter changes over operating time, it makes possible to determine the norm for the parameter regulating their pre-failure state, beyond which failure prediction is possible with varying probability, and, as a result, the reliability of the system as a whole. The use of this method to reliability forecasting through the determination of the pre-failure state of the system can be projected onto technical objects, which performance indicators are geometric parameters that ensure the performance, first of all, of the functions of the elements themselves and the entire technical system, and worn out during operation.

Legal basis of defense standardization of the European Union

Legal basis of defense standardization of the European Union

Methodological bases for balanced development of the food supply of the population

A retrospective analysis of the economic theories of marginal utility, general economic equilibrium, spatial economics, production factors, and organization theory was carried out from the position of forming the methodological basis for the emergence of the theory of balanced development of food supply for the population. The substantive aspects of the critical concepts of the identified theories are detailed in their influence on the formation and formation of the methodology for food supply to the population, including maintaining a balanced and equilibrium state in the conditions of continuous influence of external factors on food systems. For each identified theory, provisions have been established that determine the relationship with the methodology of the area under study. It has been established that the emergence of the theory and methods of balanced development of food supply for the population is a natural stage in the evolution of economic science in the context of increasing the role and importance of man in the modern economy. The methodological grounds identified are the need to achieve and maintain a balanced human diet, ensure coordination and maintain a balance of social and economic interests of consumers and food producers, ensure a balanced state of food production and consumption, maintain a balance of resource capabilities and future food needs of people, prevent the emergence of imbalances in the food sector. The work results can be used to develop new conceptual frameworks for developing the domestic agro-industrial complex and allow us to form a more holistic and detailed understanding of the specifics and features of achieving balanced agri-food sector development.

Changes in patient recruitment parameters and their derivatives under the influence of external factors – population size and density of residence in a certain area

Background. The lack of targeted patient recruitment for clinical trials reaches 90%, which leads to failures of a trial as a whole and insufficient access to the necessary treatment or diagnostic method for patients. To find out the reasons for recruitment failures, many factors are considered, the action of which is difficult to assess due to high variability. In general, various factors are named that reduce patient recruitment, while factors that improve it are much less known.Objective: to investigate changes in the parameters and indicators of patient recruitment for clinical trials depending on the influence of external factors.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of four international multicenter clinical trials of phases II–III was performed by 16 patient recruitment parameters and their 6 derivatives (indicators) – both widely used in the literature and newly proposed. A total of 622 patients from 70 clinical centers located in 59 cities of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus were included in the study. The methods of descriptive statistics and typing were used. To study the influence of factors, internal and external factors were selected, external factors including population size, area and density of residence were analysed, and changes in parameters and indicators depending on the influence of each factor were examined. The area and population density were studied in inseparable connection with each other.Results. A simple classification of factors was proposed – external and internal to the clinical center where patients were recruited. The factors classified as external were analyzed depending on the change in the proposed parameters of patient recruitment for clinical trials and their relationships – indicators (derivatives). The final rate of patient recruitment and the final number of patients recruited in the population group of 1–2 million people had statistically significant (p<0.05) higher values (0.57±0.20 and 15.08±5.06, respectively) than in group with up to 1 million people – 0.14±0.05 and 3.75±1.24.Conclusion. For the first time, an extended panel of parameters and indicators that allow evaluating the influence of various factors on patient recruitment for clinical trials was proposed. The value of the proportion of parameters and indicators that had statistical differences among themselves in the group influenced by the population size factor was more than twice as large as the proportion of similar parameters and indicators in the group influenced by area and population density: 47% and 23%, respectively, which may indicate more strong influence of the first factor.

Current problems in the field of structure, properties of minerals and methods of their investigation

The main goal of research into the structure and properties of minerals, as well as their crystal chemistry and physics, consists in obtaining fundamental information about the actual atomic and electronic structure of mineral objects and physical regularities of their transformations under the influence of external factors (temperature, pressure, radiation, and environmental chemistry). Such information forms the basis for mineral typification and restoration of mineral crystallization conditions and their evolution in a certain geological situation. This information is widely used in petrogenetic and geochronological constructions. Such studies are also relevant to the development of nature-like technologies for obtaining new promising functional materials. Knowledge of the structure, crystal chemistry, and physics of minerals, typomorphism of their spectroscopic properties, as well as the development of analytical techniques and methods for the synthesis of mineral-like materials are of particular significance. This thematic issue of the Lithosphere journal aims to review of these problems in the context of the materials reported at the XIII All-Russian Scientific Conference “Minerals: Structure, Properties, Research Methods” held in 2023 at the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Yekaterinburg.

Neural networks for intelligent multilevel control of artificial and natural objects based on data fusion: A survey

Today the tasks of complex artificial and natural objects control have come to the fore in the majority of subject domains. The efficiency and effectiveness of solving these tasks directly depends of the efficiency and effectiveness of data fusion (DF). Data fusion methods are designed to integrate data from multiple sources and transform it in order to produce more consistent, accurate, and useful information than that provided by any individual data source. Although DF has been extensively studied for a considerable period of time it is still hardly applicable in practice in the processes of the control of the real world objects with complex structure and behavior as the data produced by the objects is, in the majority of cases, heterogeneous, multimodal, and imperfect, has huge volume. To ensure proper response to the changes in the state and behavior of the controlled objects that can be caused by both internal and external influencing factors the data should be processed with high accuracy and with minimum delays. Despite the importance of the tasks of complex objects control till now there are no researches that clarify to what extent the DF problem has been solved from the perspective of its application in the processes of objects control based on the data received from the objects. In the survey we define the requirements to DF in the interests of the control of complex artificial and natural objects, consider the structure of the multilevel process of intelligent object control, identify the neural networks that can be used in the control process for data fusion. Despite the wide capabilities of the existing NN we reveal that they still do not meet all the requirements to DF for complex objects control. Based on the analysis of NN architectures, we define requirements for advanced NN architectures and discuss future research directions. To facilitate our literature analyses, we also perform conceptual exploration of collected papers with lattices of closed itemsets and implications from Formal Concept Analysis and Data Mining used for knowledge processing in similar large-scale studies.

Phenotyping Wheat Kernel Symmetry as a Consequence of Different Agronomic Practices

The use of instrumental methods of analysis in the assessment of indices that record changes in symmetry in the structure of grains to evaluate the quality of durum and soft wheat grain is currently considered a search tool that will allow us to obtain previously unavailable data by finding correlations associated with differences in the shape and ratio of starch granules in conditionally symmetrical and asymmetrical wheat fruits (kernels) formed in different field conditions and with different genotypes. Indicators that had previously shown their effectiveness were used to analyze the obviously complex unique material obtained as a result of growing under critically unique sowing conditions in 2022, which affected the stability of grain development and filling. For the evaluation, a typical agronomic comparative experiment was chosen, which was used to evaluate the soil tillage practices (fallow, non-moldboard loosening, and plowing) and sowing dates (early and after excessive rainfalls), which made it possible to analyze a wider range of factors influencing the studied indices. The soil tillage methods were found to affect the uniformity of kernel fullness and their symmetry, and the sowing dates did not lead to significant differences. This study presents detailed changes in the shape of the middle cut of a wheat kernel, associated with assessing the efficiency of kernel filling and the symmetrical distribution of storage substances under the influence of external and internal physical factors that affect the formation of the wheat kernel. The data obtained may be of interest to breeders and developers of predictive phenotyping programs for cereal grain and seeds of other crops, as well as plant physiologists.

Effects of various cold plasma atmospheres and external influencing factors on the adsorption of formaldehyde gas by bamboo-based carbon microfibers

To effectively enhance the adsorption performance of gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) by bamboo-based carbon microfibers (BCMFs), the active oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N)-containing functional groups were rapidly introduced by cold plasma. The effects of plasma time, plasma atmospheres including oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), air, and argon (Ar) as well as ambient temperature, flow rate, and initial concentration of gaseous HCHO on the adsorption performance of BCMFs were comprehensively investigated. The typical kinetic, isothermal, and thermodynamic models were also evaluated. The O2-plasma activated BCMFs showed the most serious etching effects among four atmospheres. The adsorption capacities were ranked as BCMF-800-N-10 (203.87 mg g−1) > BCMF-800-Ar-10 (166.26 mg g−1) > BCMF-800-Air-10 (151.28 mg g−1) > BCMF-800-O-10 (144.21 mg g−1), which were 112.99%, 73.69%, 58.04%, and 50.66% higher than the control, respectively. The O–CO and pyrrolic N groups were more easily formed onto BCMF-800-N-10. The Langmuir and the Freundlich models displayed the excellent fitting properties. The optimal kinetic model tended to transfer to the pseudo-second-order from the pseudo-first-order after cold plasma modification. The BCMFs activated by plasma showed a synergistic single/multi-layer adsorption mechanism with a complex physicochemical adsorption. The HCHO adsorption performance was positively correlated with its concentrations but negatively correlated with environmental temperature.

Analysis of IDBI Federal Life Insurance's Financial Performance and Statements in NCR: An In-Depth Review

The research paper delves into the financial statement analysis of IDBI Federal Life Insurance, aiming to conduct a thorough examination of its financial standing. It will encompass an extensive review of the company's financial statements, key ratios, capital structure, profitability, liquidity, and solvency. Moreover, the study will compare the company's financial performance with that of its peers in the life insurance sector to pinpoint strengths and weaknesses. Recommendations for improvement will be proposed based on these findings. Additionally, the research will evaluate the influence of external factors like economic conditions, regulatory changes, and market trends on the company's financial performance. The methodology involves collecting and analyzing financial data, performing ratio analysis, and drawing conclusions to provide actionable insights. Ultimately, the research aims to offer valuable insights into IDBI Federal Life Insurance's financial health and performance, guiding strategies for sustainable growth and success.

In-Depth Financial Statement Review of IDBI Federal Life Insurance in New Delhi: A Comprehensive Analysis

The research paper delves into the financial statement analysis of IDBI Federal Life Insurance, aiming to conduct a thorough examination of its financial standing. It will encompass an extensive review of the company's financial statements, key ratios, capital structure, profitability, liquidity, and solvency. Moreover, the study will compare the company's financial performance with that of its peers in the life insurance sector to pinpoint strengths and weaknesses. Recommendations for improvement will be proposed based on these findings. Additionally, the research will evaluate the influence of external factors like economic conditions, regulatory changes, and market trends on the company's financial performance. The methodology involves collecting and analyzing financial data, performing ratio analysis, and drawing conclusions to provide actionable insights. Ultimately, the research aims to offer valuable insights into IDBI Federal Life Insurance's financial health and performance, guiding strategies for sustainable growth and success.

Research and application of small-diameter hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurement system

Abstract. Observation and estimation of the stress state in the deep crust is a crucial challenge in in situ stress measurement work. The hydraulic fracturing method is an important borehole-based technique for absolute in situ stress measurement. The small-diameter hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurement system described in this article consists mainly of underground measurement components (serial small-diameter packers and dual-circuit connecting installation rods) and surface control components (hydraulic fluid control system, data acquisition system, and high-pressure oil pump with controllable flow). It enables series measurement of small-sized boreholes for in situ stress and provides a maximum measurement range of 30–45 MPa. The subsequent calculation of in situ stress data adopts a uniform design method to discuss the influence of various external factors on rock fracturing values. The small-diameter hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurement system has the advantages of simple and lightweight structure, short testing time, high success rate, and low requirements for rock integrity and pressurization equipment. It has formed a series of small-diameter in situ stress measurement equipment which has been innovatively promoted to the field of underground tunnel safety assessment in coal mines and metal mining areas. It has an important practical value and economic significance in accurately determining the in situ stress state of deep development areas.

Enhancing Financial Vulnerability Models for Non-Profit Organizations: Integrating Financial Ratios and Macroeconomic Indicators for Comprehensive Risk Assessment

Purpose: This research advances the financial vulnerability prediction model for Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) by incorporating a comprehensive set of financial and macroeconomic indicators, aiming to refine risk management and strategic planning within the sector. Theoretical Framework: Building upon Tuckman and Chang (1991) foundational work, this study addresses the evolving financial landscape's complexities. It expands on traditional financial ratio analyses to include broader economic conditions affecting NPOs, recognizing the limitations of previous literature. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study analyzes financial data from two NPOs (2017-2021), using three models to assess the influence of internal financial ratios (e.g., Debt Ratio, Cash Ratio, Net Operating Margin) and external macroeconomic factors (e.g., inflation, GDP growth) on NPO financial vulnerability and performance. Findings: Results highlight a significant positive relationship between the Cash Ratio and Return on Assets, underscoring liquidity management’s importance for NPO sustainability. Other factors showed minimal impact, suggesting a nuanced approach to financial vulnerability. Research Implications: The findings emphasize the necessity of integrating financial ratios with macroeconomic indicators in NPO management strategies, offering a refined model for understanding and mitigating financial risk. Originality/Value: This study enhances the financial management literature for NPOs by incorporating macroeconomic indicators into vulnerability assessment models. It provides a comprehensive framework for robust financial planning, filling a crucial gap in non-profit financial analysis and contributing to the sector’s resilience.

EXTERNAL FACTORS OF RUSSIAN ENERGY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS IN THE NEW GEO-ECONOMIC REALITY

The paper analyzes the main stages of the Russian energy sector development in the context of the influence of external factors. The author considers the role of the new export pipelines construction in strengthening the country’s position in global energy markets. The article provides an assessment of the dependence of Russian energy sector on foreign capital and technology. The author provides some practical recommendations for the development of the Russian energy sector in the context of Western sanctions and the transition to a low-carbon economy.

Study on the influence law of gangue filling structure on the gas emission in adjacent coal seams

Gangue filling affects the emission and migration of gas in adjacent coal seams by altering the distribution of mine pressure in the stope. In engineering practice, the filling rate of gangue in the goaf fluctuates under the influence of external factors, leading to the formation of filling structures. However, the relationship between different filling structures and the gas emission law of adjacent coal seams remains unclear. The parameters affecting the gangue filling structure can be controlled or optimized in field practice. Meanwhile, these parameters are not independent of but correlated with each other. This study aims to control gas emission and improve the gas extraction of adjacent coal seams. Therefore, the gangue filling structure index ξ was proposed, and the permeability evolution of adjacent coal seams under different ξ and parameters was analyzed. The respective and coupling effects of the parameters composing ξ were further investigated by response surface methodology. The results revealed the parameters that have dominant effects on pressure relief and permeability increase of adjacent coal seams and their sequence of importance. Finally, the study proposed a technology that combines targeted gas extraction with geophysical prospecting methodologies. The research results provide a theoretical reference for engineering practice.

Urinary metabolomic profiling of a cohort of Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune and multisystem disease with a high public health impact. Lupus nephritis (LN), commonly known as renal involvement in SLE, is associated with a poorer prognosis and increased rates of morbidity and mortality in patients with SLE. Identifying new urinary biomarkers that can be used for LN prognosis or diagnosis is essential and is part of current active research. In this study, we applied an untargeted metabolomics approach involving liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to urine samples collected from 17 individuals with SLE and no kidney damage, 23 individuals with LN, and 10 clinically healthy controls (HCs) to identify differential metabolic profiles for SLE and LN. The data analysis revealed a differentially abundant metabolite expression profile for each study group, and those metabolites may act as potential differential biomarkers of SLE and LN. The differential metabolic pathways found between the LN and SLE patients with no kidney involvement included primary bile acid biosynthesis, branched-chain amino acid synthesis and degradation, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, lysine degradation, and tryptophan metabolism. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that monopalmitin, glycolic acid, and glutamic acid allowed for the differentiation of individuals with SLE and no kidney involvement and individuals with LN considering high confidence levels. While the results offer promise, it is important to recognize the significant influence of medications and other external factors on metabolomics studies. This impact has the potential to obscure differences in metabolic profiles, presenting a considerable challenge in the identification of disease biomarkers. Therefore, experimental validation should be conducted with a larger sample size to explore the diagnostic potential of the metabolites found as well as to examine how treatment and disease activity influence the identified chemical compounds. This will be crucial for refining the accuracy and effectiveness of using urine metabolomics for diagnosing and monitoring lupus and lupus nephritis.

An Investigation of the Behaviors and Characteristics of the Interfacial Bonding Capacity between Cement Emulsified Asphalt Composite Binder and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

The interfacial bonding capacity between cement emulsified asphalt composite binder (CEACB) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) plays a critical role in improving the pavement performance of cold recycled asphalt emulsion mixtures (CRAEMs). This study aims to investigate the formation and development of the interfacial bonding capacity between CEACB and RAP. First, the dynamic wettability and the spreading behaviors of CEACB on RAP surfaces were explored according to the surface free energy theory. Second, digital image processing (DIP) technology was employed to recognize interfacial failure patterns. Lastly, the influence of internal and external factors on the interfacial bonding capacity between CEACB and RAP during the curing process was analyzed via grey relational analysis (GRA). The results indicate that a moderate cement content with a mass ratio of asphalt to cement equivalent to 1.0 can significantly enhance the wettability of CEACB on RAP surfaces. By appropriately prolonging the curing time and controlling the curing temperature, it is possible to increase the bonding strength between CEACB and RAP. Additionally, a strong correlation exists between initial wettability and ultimate bonding capacity during the bonding strength curing process. The good wettability that developed in the initial stage of interfacial strength formation relates to the decreased spalling rate of CEACB on the RAP surface. This study is not only devoted to understanding the mechanisms that can enhance CRAEM performance but also provides important guidance for practical engineering applications of cold recycled asphalt pavements.

Effects of As8 structure formation on the surface morphology and internal microstructure of GaAs thin films.

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) materials have the advantages of high electron mobility, electron saturation drift rate, and other irreplaceable semiconducting properties. They play an important role in the electronics, solar and other fields. However, during GaAs film sedimentary growth, As atoms can undergo segregation to form As8 clusters because of the influence of external factors, which affect the surface morphology and internal structure of these films. In this study, a series of investigations on the deposition and growth of GaAs crystal films were performed. Additionally, the deposition and growth of GaAs thin films were simulated using molecular dynamics. The influence of As8 clusters on the surface morphology and internal structure of GaAs films at different incidence angles, velocities and substrate temperatures was studied by using "defect analysis technology" and "diamond structure identification" in open source software, along with surface roughness and radial distribution function. Results show that with increasing incident angle, the number of As8 clusters decreases and film density increases. Increasing incident velocity increases the irregular movement of As8 clusters in air, and their deposition on the film surface affects the morphology of the film, the surface roughness increases first and then decreases. Additionally, we investigated the effect of different substrate temperatures on the film surface. Results show that at a substrate temperature of 1173 K, the number of As8 clusters in the film decreases or the As8 clusters disappear, heterogeneous nucleation occurs in the film, and the crystallization rate increases. Although the dislocation line associated with nucleation may affect the mechanical and optical properties of the film, it considerably reduces the annealing effort after the deposition and growth.

A review and outlook on the influence factors for High-quality development of enterprises

Introdution: The high-quality development of the economy depends on the parallel progress of enterprises, it is particularly urgent to strengthen the research on the high-quality development of enterprises. Existing studies have conducted comprehensive analyses of the internal and external influencing factors of high-quality development of enterprises from different aspects. The study has mainly reviewed the literature about the high-quality development of enterprises from the historical evolution and current situation, definition, measurement and explored the influencing factors from four aspects: ESG, government incentive policies, green innovation, and innovation organization culture and to explore possible influence and path and relationship among different factors for further empirical research. The study found that (1) high-quality enterprise development has replaced rapid expansion as one of China's economic priorities. Sustainable and equitable growth is prioritized over rapid economic expansion. (2) ESG, green innovation, and innovation organization culture can have a positive impact on High-quality of enterprises, the influence of government incentive policy is ambiguity. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate influence factors of high-quality development of enterprise and to analysis ESG, government incentive policies, green innovation, and innovation organization culture influence path and relationship among different factors. Theoretical Framework: The theory used is behavior change support from Robertson (1993). It refers to the behavior that employees willingly adopt and actively engage in in organizational management activities. This factor is crucial for the success of any organizational change. Results and Discussion: The study found that ESG, green innovation, and innovation organization culture can have an impact on High-quality of enterprises, the influence of government incentive policy is ambiguity. Future studies can explore technology innovation and corporate social responsibility, so as to help firms understand how their ESG performance affects their high-quality development and lead sustainable practices and innovation decisions. Research Implications: The study intends to expand the range of ESG-related academic views and suggest meaningful managerial implications for companies that want to practice ESG.

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Hydrogen Leakage and Diffusion in Tunnel

In order to study the actual situation of accidental hydrogen leakage of fuel cell buses in tunnels, and to provide certain safety countermeasures when hydrogen leakage occurs in tunnels, a tunnel in Nanjing was taken as the research object by using the fluid simulation software Fluent, and the influence of external factors on hydrogen leakage and diffusion was explored from the angle of leakage rate. The simulation results show that after hydrogen leaks for a period of time, the distribution of hydrogen concentration will form an obvious layered structure with the increase of time. The higher the leakage rate, the higher the rate of hydrogen concentration rise in space, and the smaller the leakage rate, the smaller the area of explosion danger in space.

Passenger Flow Enhancement Strategies for Metro Operations

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework for passenger flow enhancement for metro operations. The proposed framework takes into account the state of urban transportation and the forecasting of passenger flow, based on which the internal and external influencing factors on passenger flow are analyzed. By utilizing the Suzhou Metro as a case study, specific strategies for enhancing passenger flow are suggested. This research contributes valuable insights and actionable strategies for metro systems, offering a holistic approach to address the challenges associated with passenger flow enhancement in metro system.