Influence Of Exercise Research Articles

The influence of exercise and BMI on food choices during pregnancy

BackgroundExercise is linked to health-conscious behaviors, such as healthy eating, through psychophysiological pathways that include improvements in executive functioning. The influence of exercise while pregnant on healthy eating is currently unknown. PurposeTo determine if there are differences in food choices of women who exercised (EX) or not (CON) during pregnancy, and if this differed by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI; normal weight, NW; overweight/obese, OWOB). MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis to examine the food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) of pregnant women randomized to 150 min/wk of EX (n = 72) or CON (n = 16). Maternal descriptors and pre-pregnancy BMI were collected at enrollment (≤16 weeks gestation). At enrollment and at 36 weeks gestation, women reported the frequency of specific food consumption across a range of food groups based on a Likert-scale ranging from 1-rarely or never eat the food to 5- eat the food more than once/day. ResultsOWOB EX increased consumption of nutrient-dense foods from enrollment to 36 weeks pregnancy and these results were not seen in OWOB CON and NW CON groups. Since FFQ is self-reported and captures a broad scope of habitual diet, it is important for future research in this area. ConclusionOverall, data in our study suggests that OWOB women who start exercising during pregnancy also improve their diet. Thus, future research should investigate how exercise may influence changes in nutrient intake during pregnancy.

PENGARUH SENAM HAMIL DALAM MENGATASI NYERI PUNGGUNG PADA IBU HAMIL

Back pain in pregnant women is caused by hormonal changes in the supporting and connecting soft tissues, which results in reduced muscle flexibility. Management to reduce back pain is to maintain good posture by paying attention to the body's mechanisms during pregnancy exercises. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of pregnancy exercise in treating back pain in pregnant women. The research method used is quantitative with Quasi Experimental Design in the form of a one group pretest-posttest method. The sample for this study consisted of 51 pregnant women with a gestational age of > 24 weeks who were selected using a random sampling technique. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The results of the research before being given the pregnancy exercise intervention were 28 people (54.9%) experiencing moderate back pain and 23 people (45.1%) experiencing severe back pain. After being given the pregnancy exercise intervention, 31 people (60.8%) experienced mild back pain and 20 people (39.2%) experienced moderate back pain. The results of statistical tests using the Wilcoxon test obtained a ρ-value of 0.000 so it can be concluded that there is an influence of pregnancy exercise in overcoming back pain in pregnant women. The advice given by this research is to implement a structured and regularly scheduled pregnancy exercise program. This can help reduce back pain and improve the well-being of pregnant women.

Psychological Study on the Influence of Physical Exercise on College Students’ Anxiety

This study aims to explore the impact of physical exercise on the anxiety level of college students. We collected physical exercise data and anxiety self-assessment results from college students of different grades, genders, and ages from multiple universities in Guangdong Province through a questionnaire survey. The study used standardized scales to evaluate participants’ physical exercise types, frequencies, intensities, and anxiety levels. The data analysis results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between college students’ physical exercise and anxiety level, that is, the more frequent and intense the physical exercise, the lower the anxiety level. In addition, there are differences in the effect of different types of physical exercises on anxiety relief, with aerobic exercises such as running and swimming showing more significant anxiety-relieving effects. The research results provide valuable references for psychological health education and anxiety intervention strategies in universities and suggest promoting physical exercise to effectively alleviate college students’ anxiety.

The influence of traditional Chinese exercise on brain function compared with other sports: A meta-analysis on functional neuroimaging studies

Traditional Chinese Exercise (TCE) has been shown to improve quality of life, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a highly used method for investigating its mechanism. However, there is currently a lack of systematic reviews and meta-analyses focusing on TCE-related brain changes. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting a meta-analysis on brain changes of TCE with fMRI technology. We searched relevant studies published until February 2024. Independent researchers conducted literature screening, quality assessment, and clinical and neuroimaging data extraction. Focis were filtered from eligible studies, and meta-analysis was performed using seed-based d mapping. Twenty-three studies involving 1182 participants were included in this study. The result found that longitudinal TCE increased brain activity in the left anterior cingulate gyri, right fusiform gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus and left frontal superior compared with other exercises or healthcare. Subgroup analysis showed that the brain activity in the right superior frontal gyrus dorsolateral; right cortico-spinal projections; corpus callosum; right inferior network; right gyrus rectus; left middle occipital gyrus were decreased after TCE compared to other exercise among healthy participants. The right median cingulate gyri was increased after Baduanjin (one of the TCE) compared to other exercise; the left precentral gyrus activity was increased after Tai chi chuan (TCC) practice compared to other exercise. The brain activity in the right insula, right supplementary motor area, and left anterior thalamic were significantly increased after long-time TCC exercise. TCE effectively improved the cognitive level of the subjects. Among them, the MoCA score increased, but Memory Quotient was not improved. Research results indicate that TCE have specific neuromodulatory effects, and different TCE have different neuromodulatory patterns.

Influence of Exercise and Genistein to Mitigate the Deleterious Effects of High-Fat High-Sugar Diet on Alzheimer's Disease-Related Markers in Male Mice.

The prevalence of obesity and related consequences, including insulin resistance and Alzheimer's-like neuropathology, has increased dramatically. Contributing to this prevalence is the shift in lifestyle preference away from wholesome foods and exercise to the Western-style diet and sedentarism. Despite advances in drug development, a healthy diet and regular exercise remain the most effective approaches to mitigating the unwanted sequelae of diet-induced obesity on brain health. In this study, we used the high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) mouse model of neurodegeneration to examine the effects of exercise training (HFHS+Ex), genistein treatment (HFHS+Gen), and combination treatment (HFHS+Ex+Gen) on proteins relating to neurodegeneration in the brain of male mice. After a period of 12 weeks, as expected, HFHS feeding increased body weight, adipose tissue weight, and systemic plasma inflammation (TNF-α) compared to lean mice fed a standard diet. HFHS feeding also increased protein expression of brain markers of insulin resistance (pGSK-3β, p-IR), apoptosis (caspase 3), early neurofibrillary tangles (CP13), and amyloid-beta precursor (CT20). Compared to HFHS mice, Ex decreased body weight, plasma TNF-α, and expression of pGSK-3β, caspase 3, CP13, amyloid-β precursor (22c11), and ADAM10. Treatment with Gen was equally protective on these markers and decreased the expression of p-IR. Combination treatment with Ex and Gen afforded the greatest overall benefits, and this group exhibited the greatest reduction in body and adipose tissue weight and all brain markers, except for 22c11 and ADAM10, which were decreased compared to mice fed an HFHS diet. In addition, levels of 4G8, which detects protein levels of amyloid-β, were decreased with combination treatment. Our results indicate that exercise training, genistein supplementation, or combination treatment provide varying degrees of neuroprotection from HFHS feeding-induced Alzheimer's pathology. Future perspectives could include evaluating moderate exercise regimens in combination with dietary supplementation with genistein in humans to determine whether the same benefits translate clinically.

The relationship between physical exercise and sense of social fairness among college students: the chain-mediated role of perceived social support and life satisfaction.

The development of a stable society is closely linked to a prevalent sense of social fairness. Participating in physical activities, which are inherently social, plays a crucial role in fostering mental stability within social contexts. This study aims to examine how physical exercise influences the sense of social fairness among college students, focusing on the potential mediating effects of perceived social support and life satisfaction. The study surveyed 496 Chinese college students using several scales: the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Social Justice Scale (SJS). (1) A positive correlation was found between physical exercise and sense of social fairness (r = 0.151, p < 0.01). A significant direct effect of physical exercise on sense of social fairness was also observed (β = 0.151, t = 3.971, p < 0.01). (2) Physical exercise was a positive predictor of perceived social support (β = 0.113, t = 4.062, p < 0.01), which in turn positively influenced both life satisfaction (β = 0.333, t = 18.047, p < 0.01) and sense of social fairness (β = 0.485, t = 6.931, p < 0.01). Additionally, life satisfaction had a positive effect on sense of social fairness (β = 0.431, t = 3.247, p < 0.01). (3) Both perceived social support and life satisfaction significantly mediated the relationship between physical exercise and sense of social fairness through two pathways: physical exercise → perceived social support → sense of social fairness (mediating effect: 0.055); and physical exercise → perceived social support → life satisfaction → sense of social fairness (mediating effect: 0.016). (1) Physical exercise enhances both perceived social support and the sense of social fairness among college students, suggesting that it not only directly contributes to an enhanced sense of social fairness but also fosters supportive social relationships. (2) The influence of physical exercise on the sense of social fairness operates both directly and indirectly through the mediating roles of perceived social support and, sequentially, life satisfaction.

The Influence of Nutrition Intervention on the P1NP and CTX-1 Response to an Acute Exercise Bout: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Although nutrition and exercise both influence bone metabolism, little is currently known abouttheir interaction, or whether nutritional intervention can modulate the bone biomarker response to acute exercise. Improved understanding of the relationships between nutrition, exercise and bone metabolism may have substantial potential to inform nutritional interventions to protect the bone health of exercising individuals, and to elucidate mechanisms by which exercise and nutrition influence bone. The aim was to synthesise available evidence related to the influence of nutrition on the response of the bone biomarkers procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) to acute exercise, using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach. Studies evaluating the influence of nutritional status or intervention on the bone biomarker response to an acute exercise bout were included and separated into four categories: (1) feeding status and energy availability, (2) macronutrients, (3) micronutrients and (4) other. Studies conducted on healthy human populations of any age or training status were included. Meta-analysis was conducted when data from at least five studies with independent datasets were available. In the case of insufficient data to warrant meta-analysis, results from individual studies were narratively synthesised and standardised mean effect sizes visually represented. Twenty-two articles were included. Of these, three investigated feeding status or energy availability, eight macronutrients, eight micronutrients (all calcium) and six other interventions including dairy products or collagen supplementation. Three studies had more than one intervention and were included in all relevant outcomes. The largest and most commonly reported effects were for the bone resorption marker CTX-1. Meta-analysis indicated that calcium intake, whether provided via supplements, diet or infusion, reduced exercise-induced increases in CTX-1 (effect size - 1.1; 95% credible interval [CrI] - 2.2 to - 0.05), with substantially larger effects observed in studies that delivered calcium via direct infusion versus in supplements or foods. Narrative synthesis suggests that carbohydrate supplementation may support bone during acute exercise, via reducing exercise-induced increases in CTX-1. Conversely, a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet appears to induce the opposite effect, as evidenced by an increased exercise associated CTX-1 response, and reduced P1NP response. Low energy availability may amplify the CTX-1 response to exercise, but it is unclear whether this is directly attributable to energy availability or to the lack of specific nutrients, such as carbohydrate. Nutritional intervention can modulate the acute bone biomarker response to exercise, which primarily manifests as an increase in bone resorption. Ensuring adequate attention to nutritional factors may be important to protect bone health of exercising individuals, with energy, carbohydrate and calcium availability particularly important to consider. Although a wide breadth of data were availablefor this evidence synthesis, there was substantial heterogeneity in relation to design and intervention characteristics. Direct and indirect replication is required to confirm key findings and to generate better estimates of true effect sizes.

Exercise-augmented THSD7B exhibited a positive prognostic implication and tumor-suppressed functionality in pan-cancer.

Breast cancer, one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide, has rising incidence rates. Physical activity, particularly exercise, has emerged as a significant modifier of cancer prognosis, influencing both tumor biology and patient outcomes. In this study, we utilized a murine breast cancer model, dividing mice into a control group and an exercise group; the latter underwent 21 days of voluntary running. We conducted RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, pan-cancer analysis, and cellular experiments to investigate the underlying mechanisms influenced by exercise. Exercise led to a significant reduction in tumor size and weight. Post-exercise mRNA sequencing indicated a notable upregulation of THSD7B in the exercised mice, with significant alterations observed in pathways such as MicroRNAs in cancers and the Calcium signaling pathway. In a broader cancer context, THSD7B showed considerable expression variability, being significantly downregulated in several cancers, correlating with positive prognostic outcomes in PRAD, LAML, KIRC, and GBM and highlighting its potential role as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target. THSD7B expression was also negatively associated with processes of breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This study underscores the dual role of exercise in modulating gene expression relevant to tumor growth and highlights the potential of THSD7B as a therapeutic target in cancer. Future research should further explore the specific mechanisms by which exercise and THSD7B influence cancer progression and develop immunotherapy-enhanced strategies to change patient outcomes in clinical settings.

Cultivating Vitality: Unveiling the Transformative Effects of Exercise on Menopausal Women's Well-being and Physiological Markers: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trial

Introduction: Menopause frequently coincides with age-related hormonal decline, elevated blood pressure, and unfavorable body composition changes, collectively heightening the risk of cardiovascular disease. Addressing the adverse effects of menopause is crucial through the integration of suitable lifestyle interventions, such as exercise. Nonetheless, there remains controversy within studies regarding the significance of exercise in improving Quality of Life (QoL), reducing Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Total Cholesterol (TC), and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), as well as maintaining Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Thus, this review aims to determine and clarify the influence of exercise on patient outcomes. Materials/Methods: This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA statement guidelines, utilizing databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar over the past ten years. Inclusion criteria adhered to the PICOS framework, and the literature quality assessment was based on the Risk of Bias 2.0 Tool. Results: Out of 14 included studies, the majority indicated no significant improvements in menopause women undergoing exercise regarding QoL [MD: -6.62 (95% CI: -16.90 – -3.66, I2=91%)], SBP [MD: -4.74 (95% CI: -10.54 – 1.05, I2=100%)], DBP [MD: -4.52 (95% CI: -8.59 – -0.46, I2=99%)], TC [MD: -4.06 (95% CI: -8.75 –0.64, I2=57%)], LDL [MD: -2.26 (95% CI: -7.37 – 2.86, I2=65%)], and BMD [MD: 0.06 (95% CI: -0.01 – 0.13, I2=86%)]. Significant improvements were seen only in DBP outcomes Conclusion: Menopause exercise women may effectively raise QoL, reduce SBP, DBP, TC, and LDL, also maintain BMD.

Exercise-downregulated CD300E acted as a negative prognostic implication and tumor-promoted role in pan-cancer.

Breast cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent malignancies among women globally, with increasing incidence rates. Physical activity, particularly exercise, has emerged as a potentially significant modifier of cancer prognosis, influencing tumor biology and patient outcomes. Using a murine breast cancer model, we established a control and an exercise group, where the latter was subjected to 21 days of voluntary running. RNA Sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, pan-cancer analysis, and cell experiments were performed to validate the underlying mechanisms. We observed that exercise significantly reduced tumor size and weight, without notable changes in body weight, suggesting that physical activity can modulate tumor dynamics. mRNA sequencing post-exercise revealed substantial downregulation of CD300E in the exercise group, accompanied by alterations in critical pathways such as MicroRNAs in cancers and the Calcium signaling pathway. Expanding our analysis to a broader cancer spectrum, CD300E demonstrated significant expression variability across multiple cancer types, with pronounced upregulation in myeloma, ovarian, lung, and colorectal cancers. This upregulation was correlated with poorer prognostic outcomes, emphasizing CD300E's potential role as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target. Moreover, CD300E expression was associated with cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. The study highlights the dual role of exercise in modulating gene expression relevant to tumor growth and the potential of CD300E as a target in cancer therapeutics. Further research is encouraged to explore the mechanisms by which exercise and CD300E influence cancer progression and to develop targeted strategies that could enhance patient outcomes in clinical settings.

The Influence of Aerobic Exercise on Nitric Oxide Signal Transduction and Related Cytokines in ApoE-/- Mice and the Underlying Mechanisms

Objective: To investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on nitric oxide (NO) signal transduction and related cytokines in ApoE-/- mice and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: ApoE-/- mice were divided into a control group and an aerobic exercise group. An 8-week aerobic exercise intervention using a treadmill training model was conducted to determine the expression levels of NO signal transduction-related cytokines. Results: Aerobic exercise significantly increased the expression of NO and related cytokines in the plasma of ApoE-/- mice and reduced the level of inflammatory factors. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can enhance NO signal transduction, reduce inflammatory responses, and improve the cardiovascular function of ApoE-/- mice.

Development of coordination abilities of primary school children

The study aimed to determine the influence of the traditional classical exercise on the development of the reaction speed of boys and girls studying in the first grade. Methods: The pedagogical experiment was conducted from September 3, 2022 to May 28, 2023. The study involved 100 children aged 7-8 years who studied in the 1st grade of an ordinary school in the Russian Federation. The schoolchildren practiced physical education according to the standard school curriculum 2 times a week for 40 minutes in each lesson. During the 9 months of training, 74 lessons were conducted. Children from the experimental group additionally performed traditional classical exercises for 6-7 minutes during the lesson. To determine the level of development of responsiveness in schoolchildren, the "Ball Touch" test was used. All the indicators of the children were entered into an Excel spreadsheet, the Student's T-criterion was also used, with a significance level of p&lt;0.05 (program – Biostatistica 2022). Results: The indicators of reaction speed in schoolchildren from the control group who studied according to the standard program improved by an average of 2.9-3.0% (p&gt;0.05) during the study period. In the experimental group, in which children additionally performed special exercise classics, the indicators became 9.4% higher in boys from 269.2±5.2 to 243.8±6.2 (p&lt;0.05), and in girls, the indicators increased by 8.6% from 271.2±6.5 to 247.9±6.6 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion. The physical exercise "classics" has shown its effectiveness for developing the reaction speed of schoolchildren aged 7-8 years. If you perform this exercise for 6-7 minutes at each physical education lesson at school, then the children's reaction speed will significantly and significantly improve. Keywords: Physical exercises, Coordination abilities, School curriculum, Children's health.

Influence of the yoga breathing exercise “uddiyana” on blood flow in the marginal sinus

Purpose: Studying the effect of the Uddiyana Bandha (UB) yoga breathing exercise on blood flow in the marginal sinus (MS).Materials and methods: The study involved 16 people in whom blood flow in the MS was assessed against the background of free breathing, during voluntary expiratory apnea (VEA) — 5 seconds, and during UB — 5 seconds. The maximum blood flow velocity (Vmax), the time-averaged maximum velocity Vmean, and the index phase character (IP) were recorded.Results: When recording Vmax during VEA (stage 2) for 5 seconds, it did not show significant differences compared to free breathing (stage 1); within 5 seconds of execution, the UB (stage 3) was significantly higher than the baseline (stage 1), p &lt; 0.001, and also higher than the VEA (stage 2), p &lt; 0.001. Vmean PEA (stage 2) for 5 seconds was without significant differences compared to free breathing (stage 1). During 5 seconds of UB execution (stage 3), Vmean was higher than the baseline (stage 1), p &lt; 0.001, and also higher than VEA (stage 2), p &lt; 0.009. Against the background of free breathing (stage 1) and PEA (stage 2), the values of IP and were without significant differences compared to UB (stage 3).Conclusions: The UB breathing exercise increases the maximum linear blood flow velocity Vmax and the time-averaged maximum blood flow velocity Vmean in the MS, which may indicate activation of cerebral venous outflow during the exercise.

The influence of foot muscles exercises and minimalist shoes on lactate threshold velocity in long-distance amateur runners: a randomized controlled trial

The exercises of plantar foot muscles may have beneficial effects on the performance of the lower extremity muscles. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of foot muscle strengthening: direct short foot muscle exercises and indirect activation through training in minimalist footwear in regard to influence on lactate threshold velocity in long-distance runners. 55 recreational runners aged 21–45 years took part in that study. They were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n = 25) with short foot muscle exercises, and Group 2 (n = 30) with training in minimalist shoes. The progressive running test was performed to determine heart rate (HR) and running velocity corresponding to lactate threshold (VLT). Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the differences regarding the evaluated variables. After the 8-week training program, higher values of VLT were observed in both groups. This change was significant only in Group 1 (p < 0.05). In Group 2, the higher value was noted but the changes were non-significant. Strengthening of the short foot muscles may improve lactate threshold velocity which is connected with running performance. Considering the obtained results, it is worth contemplating the implementation of these methods in the training of long-distance runners.

The influence of Parent-Infant Joint Exercises on the physical and psychological health of mothers and infants

The influence of Parent-Infant Joint Exercises on the physical and psychological health of mothers and infants

Exercise training and spexin ameliorate thyroid changes in obese type 2 diabetic rats: the possible interlaying mechanisms.

Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are prevalent endocrine disorders that often coexist and influence each other. The role of spexin (SPX) in diabetes and obesity is well documented, but its connection to thyroid function is less understood. This study investigates the influence of exercise (EX) and SPX on thyroid hypofunction in obese type 2 diabetic rats. Rats were divided into normal control, obese diabetic sedentary, obese diabetic EX, and obese diabetic SPX groups, with subdivisions for M871 and HT-2157 treatment in the latter two groups. High-fat diet together with streptozotocin (STZ) injection induced obesity and diabetes. The EX group underwent swimming, and the SPX group received SPX injections for 8 wk. Results showed significant improvements in thyroid function and metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory states with EX and SPX treatment. The study also explored the involvement of galanin receptor isoforms (GALR)2/3 in SPX effects on thyroid function. Blocking GALR2/3 receptors partially attenuated the beneficial effects, indicating their interaction. These findings underscore the importance of EX and SPX in modulating thyroid function in obesity and diabetes. Comprehending this interplay could enable the development of new treatment approaches for thyroid disorders associated with obese type 2 diabetes. Additional research is necessary to clarify the exact mechanisms connecting SPX, EX activity, and thyroid function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study proves, for the first time, the beneficial effects of SPX on thyroid dysfunction in obese diabetic rats and suggests that SPX mediates the EX effect on thyroid gland and exerts its effect mainly via GALR2.

ACTIVE STRETCHING HAS AN EFFECT ON FUNCTIONAL ABILITY IN ONLINE MOTORCYCLE TAXI DRIVERS EXPERIENCING CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common medical condition that occurs when the median nerve is pinched or compressed as it passes through the wrist due to continuous long-term movement. The research aims to determine the effect of Active Stretching on the functional ability of the hands in online motorcycle taxi drivers who experience Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. The type of research is quasi-experimental with sample collection techniques using the purposive sampling method. The research was carried out in May-June 2023, with a population of 35 people and a sample size of 10 people who were given intervention 9 times. Measurements in this study used the Wrist/Hand Disability Index (WHDI). The results of research on Active Stretching showed that the average functional ability of the hand before the intervention was 58 and after the intervention was given it was 43,2. The p value = 0.0005 means there is an increase in functional ability. The results of the research can be concluded that there is an influence of Active Stretching exercises on increasing the functional abilities of the hands in online motorcycle taxi drivers who experience Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Exercise Reduces Glucose Intolerance, Cardiac Inflammation and Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Psammomys obesus Exposed to Short Photoperiod and High Energy Diet.

Circadian disruption causes glucose intolerance, cardiac fibrosis, and adipocyte dysfunction in sand rats (Psammomys obesus). Exercise intervention can improve glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue function and protect against inflammation. We investigated the influence of exercise on male P. obesus exposed to a short photoperiod (5 h light:19 h dark) and high-energy diet. Exercise reduced glucose intolerance. Exercise reduced cardiac expression of inflammatory marker Ccl2 and Bax:Bcl2 apoptosis ratio. Exercise increased heart:body weight ratio and hypertrophy marker Myh7:Myh6, yet reduced Gata4 expression. No phenotypic changes were observed in perivascular fibrosis and myocyte area. Exercise reduced visceral adipose expression of inflammatory transcription factor Rela, adipogenesis marker Ppard and browning marker Ppargc1a, but visceral adipocyte size was unaffected. Conversely, exercise reduced subcutaneous adipocyte size but did not affect any molecular mediators. Exercise increased ZT7 Bmal1 and Per2 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and subcutaneous Per2. Our study provides new molecular insights and histological assessments on the effect of exercise on cardiac inflammation, adipose tissue dysfunction and circadian gene expression in P. obesus exposed to short photoperiod and high-energy diet. These findings have implications for the protective benefits of exercise for shift workers in order to reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Intestinal barrier permeability: the influence of gut microbiota, nutrition, and exercise.

The intestinal wall is a selectively permeable barrier between the content of the intestinal lumen and the internal environment of the body. Disturbances of intestinal wall permeability can potentially lead to unwanted activation of the enteric immune system due to excessive contact with gut microbiota and its components, and the development of endotoxemia, when the level of bacterial lipopolysaccharides increases in the blood, causing chronic low-intensity inflammation. In this review, the following aspects are covered: the structure of the intestinal wall barrier; the influence of the gut microbiota on the permeability of the intestinal wall via the regulation of functioning of tight junction proteins, synthesis/degradation of mucus and antioxidant effects; the molecular mechanisms of activation of the pro-inflammatory response caused by bacterial invasion through the TLR4-induced TIRAP/MyD88 and TRAM/TRIF signaling cascades; the influence of nutrition on intestinal permeability, and the influence of exercise with an emphasis on exercise-induced heat stress and hypoxia. Overall, this review provides some insight into how to prevent excessive intestinal barrier permeability and the associated inflammatory processes involved in many if not most pathologies. Some diets and physical exercise are supposed to be non-pharmacological approaches to maintain the integrity of intestinal barrier function and provide its efficient operation. However, at an early age, the increased intestinal permeability has a hormetic effect and contributes to the development of the immune system.

The Influence of Aerobic Exercise on Hippocampal Glial Cells and Inflammatory Factor Expression in the Aging Process of Rats

The objective is to analyze the impact of aerobic exercise on the activation of hippocampal glial cells and the expression of inflammatory factors in the aging process of rats. Methods: Thirty male SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) rats at 10 weeks of age were selected and divided into three groups: the sedentary group (A), the aging group (B), and the aging exercise group (C), with 10 rats in each group. The sedentary group (A) was raised for 6 weeks without exercise or aging intervention; the aging group (B) was continuously injected with D-galactose for 6 weeks without exercise intervention; the aging exercise group (C) was continuously injected with D-galactose for 6 weeks while simultaneously implementing exercise intervention, with 60 minutes of unassisted swimming per day, three times a week (swimming pool size 0.5m x 0.8m, water temperature 35±2°C). All groups were harvested at the end of 6 weeks. Compared with the sedentary group, the GFAP immunohistochemical staining in the hippocampal area of the brain was stronger in both the aging group and the aging exercise group, with more GFAP expression, darker positive reaction color, and higher average fluorescence intensity than the sedentary group; compared with the aging group, the aging exercise group had less GFAP expression, lighter positive reaction color, and lower average fluorescence intensity. All differences were significant (P&lt;0.05). In the comparison of GSH levels in the hippocampal tissue of rats, the aging group had the lowest levels, indicating a decrease in the activation level of glial cells in the hippocampus, while the aging exercise group had higher GSH levels than the aging group, proving that exercise intervention in the aging process can effectively improve the activation level of hippocampal glial cells in rats.