Influence Of Biological Factors Research Articles

Theory of affective pragmatics under biolinguistics

This paper introduces a pioneering investigation into affective pragmatics through the perspective of Darwinian Biolinguistics, an interdisciplinary field at the nexus of biological and linguistic principles. Anchored in Darwin’s theory of evolution and the latest developments in neurobiology, this study delves into the influence of biological factors---especially those pertaining to the brain’s emotional processing on pragmatic communication. The research posits that human emotional responses, inherent in our biological constitution, profoundly influence the usage and interpretation of language in social interactions.

Plastic ingestion by odontocetes from the Western South Atlantic: A particular concern to a threatened species

The ingestion of debris by marine fauna is a growing threat to biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate and characterize litter ingestion by odontocetes from the Western South Atlantic. Between 2018 and 2022, 154 stomachs from six species were collected from stranded individuals and incidental captures. Stomach contents were analyzed with the naked eye and items of anthropic origin found were counted and physically/chemically characterized. Generalized Linear Models were used to evaluate the influence of biological factors on the presence/absence of litter in stomachs, and for Pontoporia blainvillei only, the influence of these factors on the number of ingested items was also tested; additionally, a temporal analysis of ingestion was done for this species (1994–2022). A total of 156 items, mainly macro-sized plastics made of polypropylene, were found in 52 stomachs of four species: Tursiops spp. (FO% = 3.3%), Steno bredanensis (10.0%), Delphinus delphis (28.6%) and P. blainvillei (47.5%). The presence/absence of litter was explained only by species (χ2 = 28.29 and p < 0.001). For P. blainvillei, a threatened species in the region, the number of items was positively influenced by individual size (χ2 = 6.01 and p = 0.01) and sex (χ2 = 7.93 and p = 0.005). There was an increase in plastic ingestion by this species over the years (χ2 = 121.6 and p < 0.001) and it was estimated that 75% of P. blainvillei stomachs will contain plastic by 2040. The ingestion of litter by odontocetes from the Western South Atlantic was confirmed and the potential risks posed by this type of pollution were evidenced, especially since these species also face other anthropic pressures. These results further demonstrate the increasing threat of litter in the ocean and highlight the importance of circularity of plastics and proper waste management.

Timescales of Ecological Processes, Settling, and Estuarine Transport to Create Estuarine Turbidity Maxima: An Application of the Peter–Parker Model

The estuarine exchange flow increases the longitudinal dispersion of passive tracers and trap sinking particles, potentially creating an estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM): a localized maximum of suspended particulate matter concentration in an estuary. The ETM can have many implications: dead zones due to increased turbidity or hypoxia from organic matter decomposition, naval navigation challenges, and other water quality problems. Using timescales, we investigate how the interaction between exchange flow and particle sinking leads to ETMs by modeling a sinking tracer in an idealized box model of the Total Exchange Flow (TEF) first developed by Parker MacCready. Results indicate that the balance of particle sinking and vertical mixing is critical to determining ETM size and location. We then focus on the role of ecology in ETM formation through the use of the Peter–Parker Model, a new biophysical model which combines the TEF box model with a Nutrient–Phytoplankton–Zooplankton–Detritus (NPZD) model, the likes of which were first developed by Peter J.S. Franks. Detritus sinking rates similarly influence detritus peak concentration and location (an ETM), but detritus ETMs occur in a different location than the sinking tracer due to the influence of biological factors, which create a time lag of about 1 day. Lastly, we characterize the flow of the models with a dimensionless parameter that compares timescales and summarizes the dynamics of the sinking tracer in ETM formation and that can be used across systems.

Iron Deficiency Anemia and Its Impact on Oral Health-A Literature Review.

Oral disease interventions primarily focus on behavioral changes like dietary improvements and ensuring better oral hygiene. However, recognizing the influence of biological factors, including genetics and early-life nutrition, is crucial. Iron deficiency (ID) and its advanced form, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), affect nearly two billion people globally, especially children and pregnant women. We conducted a comprehensive search using Medline via EndNote and Web of Science, employing keywords related to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and we identified 36 studies deemed relevant for inclusion in this literature review. IDA prevalence is notably high among pregnant women and young children. Both IDA and early-childhood caries (ECC) disproportionately affect impoverished populations, highlighting the socioeconomic dimension of this issue. IDA presents with various oral mucosal changes and is closely linked to candidiasis. Additionally, IDA can hinder tooth development and weaken the immune response. Multiple population surveys have revealed a significant association between ECC and IDA. While some studies have explored the IDA-periodontal disease link, the current evidence is relatively limited in its robustness. In conclusion, more comprehensive longitudinal studies are essential to deepen our understanding of the IDA-oral disease connection. Investigating the underlying biological mechanisms is critical to developing effective interventions, particularly for vulnerable populations affected by IDA.

Exploring young-onset colorectal cancer sex difference incidence rates by race and ethnicity: A SEER database analysis (2000-2020).

e15529 Background: Since 1994, there has been a 51% increase in young onset colorectal cancer incidence rates, as reported by the National Cancer Institute. Recently, the U.S. Preventative Task Force revised its guidelines, recommending colorectal cancer screening to commence at age 45 rather than 50. This study aimed to explore sex differences in cancer incidence across various race and ethnicities, aiming to discern whether these differences are rooted in biological factors or environmental exposures. Methods: Cancer incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) program (2000-2020) was used to calculate male-to-female incidence rate ratios (MF IRR) for colon and rectal cancer, stratified by race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Hispanic), and age-standardized to the 2000 U.S. population for individuals under the age of 50 diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer. Results: A total of 82,238 patients with colorectal cancer under the age of 50 were identified in the study period. Of these, 43,255 (52.6%) were males and 38,983 (47.4%) were females. The incidence trends over the years were analyzed, revealing a steady increase, with the highest incidence found in 2019 (4,819, 5.8%) and the lowest in 2000 (3,189, 3.8%). Non-Hispanic Whites comprised 57.2% of the cases, while the second and third largest groups were Non-Hispanic Black (13.2%) and Hispanic (17.9%). Incidence rates were highest among the non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native population (8.6 per 100,000 cases), followed by the non-Hispanic Black population (8.4 per 100,000 cases), and lowest in the Hispanic population (5.7 per 100,000 cases). Young-onset colorectal cancer incidence rates exhibited a male predominance, with the MF IRR consistently &gt; 1 every year across race and ethnicity. Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander had the highest MF IRRs (7 per 100,000 cases in males vs. 5.8 per 100,000 cases in females), while Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native had the lowest MF IRRs throughout the years, with the lowest being in 2019 (5.1 per 100,000 cases in males vs. 12.6 per 100,000 cases in females). Conclusions: The MF IRR for young onset colorectal cancer showed no significant variation by race, implying a potential influence of biological factors. Notably, disparities in incidence rates were observed among different racial and ethnic groups, with the highest rates among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native populations. Further research is warranted to pinpoint specific factors driving young onset colorectal cancer, facilitating targeted interventions for at-risk populations.

Abstract PO4-09-07: Overall Survival According to Race and Socioeconomic Status Among Women Treated for BreastCancer at Ascension Health Hospitals in Metropolitan Detroit

Abstract Background: Despite increasing public awareness and education regarding racial inequality, African American (AA) patients continue to carry higher likelihood of death from breast cancer due to both cancer phenotype and remediable factors of access to care and socioeconomic status. Patients and Methods: We identified 3,241 patients treated for breast cancer between 2006 and 2015 at Ascension St John Hospital (Detroit MI), Ascension Macomb Oakland Hospital (Warren MI) and Ascension Providence Hospital (Southfield MI). Of these, 2530 (78.1%) were categorized as White (W), 658 (20.3%) as African American (AA), and 53 (1.6%) as Other. We considered known risk factors of race and zip code as well as marital status and having any Medicaid insurance (7.4%). 58.55% of patients were married, 15.88% never married, 13.9% widowed, and 11.6% divorced or separated. There were 632 (19.5%) cases represented from the 50 most affluent zip codes in Michigan (median income $83,125 to $140,372), 400 (12.3%) from the 50 least affluent zip codes (median income $14,909 to $33,500), 2199 (67.8%) from the intermediate zip codes, and 10 (0.31%) unknown or out of state. Tumors subtypes were 62% Luminal A (HR+/HER2-), 9.5% Basal (HR-/HER2-), 3.74% Her2 Enriched (HR-/HER2+), and 8% Triple Positive (HR+/HER2+). There were 279 Stage T0 Receptor positive DCIS and 64 Receptor Negative DCIS. 57.3% had lumpectomy or partial mastectomy as the first course of surgery, 27.9% had some form of mastectomy and 14.7 percent mastectomy with reconstruction. SAS for Windows 9.4, Cary, NC and Tableau 2023.1 was used for descriptive and crude analysis. Results: As expected overall survival was highly statistically associated (p&amp;lt; 0.0001) with the variables: age, race, subtype, node positivity and AJCC pathologic stage. Socioeconomic risk factors including zip code (p&amp;lt; 0.0001), marital status (p=0.0006), and carrying Medicaid insurance (p&amp;lt; 0.0001) statistically influenced overall survival. When considering the 50 most affluent zip codes, just 3.79% were African American (AA), with a greater proportion diagnosed at Stage I (49.85%) as compared to the 50 least affluent zip codes (81.97% AA; 37.74% Stage I, p= 0.022). Conclusions: As expected, breast cancer survival was influenced by race, tumor, and patient characteristics. This analysis allows for evaluation of the relative influence of biologic factors (e.g.tumor subtype and cancer stage) and socioeconomic indicators including zip code (stratified by median income) and insurance status. Citation Format: Shaveena Sivapalan, Khalid Berdi, Ali Shamsa, Maria Vlachaki, Aye Thet, Jeffrey Falk, Carrie Dul, Paul Chuba. Overall Survival According to Race and Socioeconomic Status Among Women Treated for BreastCancer at Ascension Health Hospitals in Metropolitan Detroit [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-09-07.

The Relationship between Executive Functions and Body Weight: Sex as a Moderating Variable.

This study explores the interplay between executive functions and body weight, examining both the influence of biological factors, specifically sex, and methodological issues, such as the choice between Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as the primary anthropometric measure. A total of 386 participants (222 females, mean age = 45.98 years, SD = 17.70) were enrolled, from whom sociodemographic (sex, age, years of formal education) and anthropometric (BMI and WC) data were collected. Executive functions were evaluated using the Frontal Assessment Battery-15 (FAB15). The results showed the increased effectiveness of WC over BMI in examining the relationships between executive functions, sex differences, and body weight. In particular, this study revealed that there was a significant moderating effect of sex at comparable levels of executive functioning. Specifically, women with higher executive performance had lower WCs than their male counterparts, suggesting that executive function has a greater impact on WC in women than in men. Our findings highlight the importance of conducting more in-depth investigations of the complex relationship between cognitive deficits and weight gain, considering confounding variables of behavioral, psychobiological, and neurophysiological origin.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Prior Oral Poliovirus Vaccination Decrease Odds of COVID-19 Outcomes among Adults Recently Inoculated with Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine.

Structural and functional commonalities between poliovirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suggest that poliovirus inoculation may induce antibodies that mitigate the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). No known studies have evaluated COVID-19 risk factors in adults recently vaccinated against poliovirus. Among adults with no history of COVID-19 infection or vaccination, who recently received an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), we sought to determine which biological factors and social determinants of health (SDOH) may be associated with (1) testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, (2) experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, and (3) a longer duration of COVID-19 symptoms. The influence of biological factors and SDOH on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptoms were evaluated among 282 adults recently inoculated with IPV. Participant-reported surveys were analyzed over 12 months post-enrollment. Bivariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression models identified associations between variables and COVID-19 outcomes. Adjusting for COVID-19 vaccinations, variants, and other SDOH, secondary analyses revealed that underlying conditions, employment, vitamin D, education, and the oral poliovirus vaccination (OPV) were associated with COVID-19 outcomes. The odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and experiencing symptoms were significantly reduced among participants who took vitamin D (OR 0.12 and OR 0.09, respectively). Unemployed or part-time working participants were 72% less likely to test positive compared with full-time workers. No prior dose of OPV was one of the strongest predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.36) and COVID-19 symptoms (OR 6.95). Findings suggest that prophylactic measures and mucosal immunity may mitigate the risk and severity of COVID-19 outcomes. Larger-scale studies may inform future policies.

The influence of biological factors in genesis of mass murders

In this paper, the authors, starting from the established division of mass murders in the criminological literature, analyze the available research results on cases of mass murders, that is, their etiology. Considering that the analysis of all possible factors that can constitute individual criminogenesis would require much more space, in this paper the emphasis is on the biological factors of crime. The authors start from traditional biological understandings in criminology, such as the study of the connection between physical constitution and crime, or the influence of genetic factors, which they complement with more modern approaches, such as the analysis of neurological, endocrinological and other biologically relevant conditions, i.e. abnormalities while simultaneously investigating their influence on the manifestation of aggression in general but also especially in the context of mass murders. The authors expect the work to be the contribution to the better understanding of the etiology of mass murders and generally violent crimes.

Abstract C039: Cancer labeling should be retained for prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 3+3=6 - based on genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic aspects

Abstract Purpose: The decision to remove the cancer label for prostate cancer with a Gleason score (GS) of 3+3 relies on pathology and clinical manifestations. However, evidence at the molecular level, especially for comparing the Excluding 3 group (GS4+4, GS4+5, GS5+4 and GS5+5) and the Gleason Grade Group 1 (GG1) (GS3+3), is lacking. To address this gap, we aimed to explore the differences between these two groups at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels. Methods: We compared the GG1 group (n=82) and Excluding 3 group (n=148) using data from the TCGA in terms of genomic alterations, including gene mutations, chromosomal structure variants, and copy number variants. Pathways were revealed by using GSEA enrichment analysis at the transcriptome level. We also conducted a quantitative whole protein analysis of prostate cancer and paraneoplastic tissues in 6 pairs of GG1 and 11 pairs of Excluding 3 groups to compare the differences at the protein level and explored the enriched pathways between them by GSEA enrichment analysis. Finally, we validated the accuracy of DIA quantification by performing immunohistochemical experiments on radical resection pathology specimens from 29 patients diagnosed with GG1 and 29 patients diagnosed with Excluding 3 group. Results: At the genomic level, we found that the mutation frequencies of GG1 and Excluding 3 group were comparable. But, the mutation frequencies of TP53, FOXA1 and PTEN were significantly higher in the Excluding 3 group than in the GG1 group , while the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was not significantly different between the two groups. And the incidence of the p53 signaling pathway, WNT pathway, PI3K pathway, and DNA damage was significantly higher in the Excluding 3 group than in the GG1 group. For the transcriptomic level, GSEA enrichment analysis revealed that both groups were enriched for multiple tumor-related pathways. At the proteome level, with protein quantitative testing by mass spectrometry, we identified that androgen-response pathway was inhibited in the GG1 group, while DNA repair and PPAR signaling pathway was activated in the Excluding 3 group. Six differential proteins were identified which had important roles in cancer development. And immunohistochemical experiments confirmed the accuracy of quantification analysis for 3 representative proteins (DDX21, NOLC1, and TIMP1). Conclusion: The GG1 and Excluding 3 groups showed similar oncogene mutation frequencies and chromosomal structural variations. However, shared and distinct pathway alterations were observed in genomic and transcriptomic analyses, indicating common driving factors and differential influences of biological factors. Proteomic analysis identified differentially expressed proteins and enriched cancer-related pathways associated with tumor characteristics. These findings support the malignancy features of GG1 prostate cancer. Citation Format: Sijie Wen, Yinzhao Wang, Lin Qi, Hongling Yin, Xiaomei Gao, Minfeng Chen, Yi Cai. Cancer labeling should be retained for prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 3+3=6 - based on genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic aspects [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C039.

Gas ebullition associated with biological processes in radioactively contaminated reservoirs could lead to airborne radioactive contamination

BackgroundStorage reservoirs of radioactive waste could be the source of atmospheric pollution due to the efflux of aqueous aerosol from their water areas. The main mechanism of formation of aqueous aerosols is the collapse of gas bubbles at the water surface. In this paper, we discuss the potential influence of biological factors on gas ebullition in the water areas of the radioactively contaminated industrial reservoirs R-9 (Lake Karachay) and R-4 (Metlinsky pond) of the Mayak PA. The emission of the released non-dissolved gases captured with gas traps in reservoir R-9 was (88–290) ml/m2 per day (2015) and in reservoir R-4 (270–460) ml/m2 per day (2016). The analysis of gas composition in reservoir R-4 (60% methane, 35% nitrogen, 2.4% oxygen, 1.5% carbon dioxide) confirms their biological origin. It is associated with the processes of organic matter destruction in bottom sediments. The major source of organic matter in bottom sediments is the dying phytoplankton developing in these reservoirs. ConclusionThe obtained results form the basis to set a task to quantify the relationship between the phytoplankton development, gases ebullition and radioactive atmosphere contamination.

Sex differences in cancer incidence rates by race and ethnicity: Results from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) Registry (2000-2019).

10547 Background: Sex differences in cancer incidence are pronounced, with men having 2-3 times the rate of most non-reproductive cancers than women. However, whether the male predominance is due to differences in biological factors or behavior remains not well understood. This study investigated sex differences in cancer incidence by race and ethnicity to provide a greater understanding of whether differences are driven by biological factors or environmental exposures. Methods: Cancer incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) program (2000-2019) was used to calculate male-to-female incidence rate ratios (MF IRR) for each cancer site and histological subtype, stratified by race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Hispanic), and age-standardized to the 2000 U.S. population for individuals ages ≥20 years. Results: Most non-reproductive cancers had a male predominance across race and ethnicity, with the largest MF IRR seen for cancers of the tonsil, hypopharynx, larynx, and Kaposi sarcoma (MF IRR &gt; 4). Three cancers, gallbladder; peritoneum, omentum, mesenter; and thyroid, were more common among females than males across all race and ethnicity. Females had a higher incidence of anal cancer than males for all racial and ethnic groups except for non-Hispanic Black individuals where the MF IRR was &gt;1. Cancers of the stomach, skin (excluding basal and squamous cell), melanoma skin, and other non-epithelial, and myeloma had greater MF IRR among non-Hispanic White adults than all other racial and ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had higher MF IRR of cancers of the liver and lung and bronchus, compared to other racial and ethnic group. Non-Hispanic White males had the highest MF IRRs for esophagus adenocarcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and the lowest MF IRR for esophagus SCC compared to other races and ethnicity. Conclusions: The MF IRR for most cancers in this study did not differ by race and ethnicity, suggesting the influence of biological factors. Differences in the MF IRR across race and ethnicity may indicate carcinogenic exposure differences leading to the development of non-sex-specific cancers. Further research is needed to identify biological drivers of cancer incidence for most non-reproductive cancers. Funding: Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics in the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health.

Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of primate communities in Ecuador

One of the fundamental objectives of ecology is to study the relative importance of ecological, evolutionary, and stochastic processes in determining local community structure. Many studies have focused on taxonomic diversity, paying relatively little attention to other dimensions of biological diversity, such as phylogenetic and functional diversity. Little is known about how these dimensions relate to each other, and the ecological processes that influence their variation. In this study, we characterize these three dimensions of biodiversity in 14 primate communities from different ecosystems in Ecuador to understand possible mechanisms responsible for their assembly. Results show that coastal communities are taxonomically less diverse than those from the Amazon and present different functional groups. On the other hand, phylogenetic diversity is higher in Amazonian communities, showing a tendency for overdispersion (high values of MPDPD = mean phylogenetic distance per pair and low PSC = degree to which coexisting species are related). This indicates a possible influence of biological factors, such as competition, on community assembly. For all three dimensions, climatic variables were the most significant predictors of community structure, while vertical forest structure contributed significantly to variation in the phylogenetic dimension. The high functional diversity reported in this study highlights the importance and vulnerability of this group and the ecosystems they inhabit. Macroecological studies, such as the one presented here, allow a better understanding of community structure and provide important information for the development of conservation strategies.

Uncovering the special microbiota associated with occurrence and progression of gastric cancer by using RNA-sequencing

Gastric cancer (GC) has been identified as the third deadly cancer in the world. Accumulating researches suggest a potential role of microorganisms in tumorigenesis. However, the composition of microbiota in GC tissues is not clear and it changes throughout the different stages of GC remain mostly elusive. Our study integrated RNA-Seq data of 727 samples derived from gastric tissues across four datasets and revealed its microbial composition. In order to remove the false positive results, core taxa were defined and characterized. Based on it, we analyzed the influence of biological factors on its composition. The pan-microbiome of gastric tissues was estimated to be over than 1400 genera. Seventeen core genera were identified. Among them, Helicobacter, Lysobacter were significantly enriched in normal tissues, while Pseudomonas was enriched in tumor tissues. Interestingly, Acinetobacter, Pasteurella, Streptomyces, Chlamydia, and Lysobacter, showed a significant increase trend during tumor development and formed strong intra/inter-correlations among them or with other genera. Furthermore, we found that tumor stage played an important role in altering the microbial composition of GC tissues. This study provides support for the in-depth study of tumor microbiome, and the specific microbiome excavated provides a possibility for the subsequent identification of potential biomarkers for GC.

Effects of Tea Plant Varieties with High- and Low-Nutrient Efficiency on Nutrients in Degraded Soil.

Tea plants are widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions globally, especially in southern China. The high leaching and strong soil acidity in these areas, in addition to human factors (e.g., tea picking and inappropriate fertilization methods) aggravate the lack of nutrients in tea garden soil. Therefore, improving degraded tea-growing soil is urgently required. Although the influence of biological factors (e.g., tea plant variety) on soil nutrients has been explored in the existing literature, there are few studies on the inhibition of soil nutrient degradation using different tea plant varieties. In this study, two tea plant varieties with different nutrient efficiencies (high-nutrient-efficiency variety: Longjing43 (LJ43); low-nutrient-efficiency variety: Liyou002 (LY002)) were studied. Under a one-side fertilization mode of two rows and two plants, the tea plant growth status, soil pH, and available nutrients in the soil profiles were analyzed, aiming to reveal the improvement of degraded soil using different tea varieties. The results showed that (1) differences in the phenotypic features of growth (such as dry tea yield, chlorophyll, leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content) between the fertilization belts in LJ43 (LJ43-near and LJ43-far) were lower than those in LY002. (2) RDA results showed that the crucial soil nutrient factors which determine the features of tea plants included available P, slowly available K, and available K. Moreover, acidification was more serious near the fertilization belt. The pH of the soil near LJ43 was higher than that near LY002, indicating an improvement in soil acidification. (3) Soil nutrient heterogeneity between fertilization belts in LJ43 (LJ43-near and LJ43-far) was lower than in LY002. In conclusion, the long-term one-side fertilization mode of two rows and two plants usually causes spatial heterogeneities in soil nutrients and aggravates soil acidification. However, LJ43 can reduce the nutrient heterogeneities and soil acidification, which is probably due to the preferential development of secondary roots. These results are helpful in understanding the influence of tea plant variety on improving soil nutrients and provide a relevant scientific reference for breeding high-quality tea varieties, improving the state of degraded soil and maintaining soil health.

On the 95th anniversary of the birth of the member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Volya Georgievna Artamonova, an outstanding Russian occupational pathologist

The article presents the materials about the life and work of the outstanding Russian occupational pathologist V. G. Artamonova. V. G. Artamonova is the author of original works on the study of various aspects of the impact of electromagnetic waves on workers’ bodies. In addition, the subject of V. G. Artamonova’s cre ative activity was the development of issues of occupational pathology of the bronchopulmonary apparatus in workers exposed to organic dust. These works have played an important role in the development of modern ideas about the etiopathogenesis of occupational bronchial asthma under the influence of biological factors with a high sensitizing ability, as well as in the development of prevention and therapy measures.

Active tailings disturb the surrounding vegetation soil fungal community: Diversity, assembly process and co-occurrence patterns

Soil fungi play an important role in the soil biogeochemical cycle and are important biological indicators for the ecological remediation of mine tailings contaminated sites, therefore understanding the characteristics of soil fungal communities is a key aspect of pollution remediation. However, the influence of biological factors on the characteristics of fungal community diversity; assembly mechanisms and co-occurrence patterns of fungal community along environmental gradients around tailings are not well understood. In this study, soil samples from forest, agriculture and grass around tailings were collected to reveal the assembly mechanisms and co-occurrence patterns of soil fungal community and to quantify the contribution of abiotic and biotic factors to fungal diversity. The results suggest that vegetation types and Cu concentration together drive the distribution of fungal diversity. We found that Exophiala has potential as a biomarker species indicative of restoration progress. Increased environmental stress accelerates the process of changing fungal community assemblages from stochastic to deterministic, while also allowing fungal communities tend to resist tailings-induced environmental stresses through species coexistence. Together, this study provides new insights into the influence of biological factors on fungal community diversity, as well as revealing mechanisms of fungal community assembly and co-occurrence patterns, which are important for understanding the maintenance mechanisms of fungal community diversity and ecological remediation of tailings-contaminated soils.

Immune Status of Turkeys in Industrial Cultivation Conditions

The intensification of turkey farming is accompanied by the impact of various dangerous factors on the poultry’s body. This leads to a violation of metabolic processes, an imbalance in the absorption of nutrients, and immunity decrease in turkeys, which determines the relevance of the study in this area. In this regard, figuring out when immunity reduces and, in the future, increasing its effectiveness in the body of turkeys, improving metabolic processes, growth, and development of poultry determined the purpose of this study. It was found that during the first six weeks of intensive cultivation of turkeys, the body’s immune response, the activity of non-specific resistance factors on the influence of biological factors and the intensification of poultry feeding processes were effective. However, from 42 days of poultry rearing, depletion of the immune defence of the turkey body and a decrease in the activity of non-specific resistance factors were observed, which is manifested by a likely decrease in the content of total protein, albumins, and class G and M immunoglobulins in the blood of poultry (P&lt;0.01). Analysis of the protein spectrum of turkey blood serum indicates an immunosuppressive state of the body, probably caused by the action of biological factors. By 42 days, the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, and T-cell activity of lymphocytes decrease in turkeys. Nonspecific changes in the components of the functional element of the liver were detected, which are accompanied by an increase in the number of lipid inclusions of various sizes, destructive changes in mitochondria, and a decrease in the synthetic activity of cells. Studies of the immune state of the body of turkeys, the activity of factors of non-specific resistance and liver in the cycle of intensive cultivation from 7 to 120 days revealed the presence of a critical period of decrease in the effectiveness of the body’s protection and further adequate correction. The results obtained during this study will be used for educational purposes, implemented in growing turkeys in the production conditions of “Indychka” LLC (Sumy Oblast). They are offered to all farms in Ukraine to produce turkey farming products

Evaluation of the Influence of Biological Factors during the Course of Treatment in Patients with Ovarian Cancer.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of β-endorphins and serotonin on the course of treatment, disease-free time, and overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer. This study may contribute to the identification of modifiable factors that may influence the treatment of ovarian cancer. The research was carried out in a group of 162 patients of which 139 respondents were included in the research; ovarian cancer was diagnosed in 78 of these patients. The study consisted of three stages. In the first stage of diagnostics, a survey among the patients was carried out. In the second stage—5 mL of blood was collected from each patient (n = 139) in the preoperative period to determine the concentration of β-endorphin and serotonin. In the third stage—blood samples were collected from those patients who had completed chemotherapy treatment or had surgery. Concentrations of β-endorphin and serotonin were measured by the Luminex method, using the commercial Luminex Human Discovery Assay kit. The average age of the patients was 62.99 years. The level of β-endorphin significantly differs among patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer and among patients in the control group (202.86; SD—15.78 vs. 302.00; SD—24.49). A lower level of β-endorphins was found in the patients with a recurrence of the neoplastic process compared to those without recurrence (178.84; SD—12.98 vs. 205.66; SD—13.37). On the other hand, the level of serotonin before chemotherapy was higher in the group of people with disease recurrence compared to those without recurrence (141.53; SD—15.33 vs. 134.99; SD—10.08). Statistically significantly positive correlations were found between the level of β-endorphin and both disease-free time (β-endorphin levels before chemotherapy: rho Spearman 0.379, p < 0.027; β-endorphin levels after chemotherapy: rho Spearman 0.734 p < 0.001) and survival time (β-endorphin levels before chemotherapy: rho Spearman 0.267, p < 0.018; β-endorphin levels after chemotherapy: rho Spearman 0.654 p < 0.001). 1. The levels of serotonin and β-endorphin levels are significantly related to ovarian cancer and change during treatment. 2. High mean preoperative concentrations of β-endorphins were significantly related to overall survival and disease-free time.

The activity patterns of nonworking and working sled dogs

There are limited studies investigating the combined effects of biological, environmental, and human factors on the activity of the domestic dog. Sled dogs offer a unique opportunity to examine these factors due to their close relationship with handlers and exposure to the outdoors. Here, we used accelerometers to measure the activity of 52 sled dogs over 30 days from two locations in Canada. The two locations differ in the working demands of dogs, therefore we used linear mixed effects models to assess how different factors impact daytime and nighttime activity of working versus nonworking dogs. During the daytime, we found that males were more active than females among nonworking dogs and younger dogs were more active than older dogs among working dogs. Alaskan huskies had higher activity levels than non-Alaskan husky breeds in working sled dogs during the day. Nonworking dogs were slightly more active during colder weather, but temperature had no effect on working dogs’ activity. The strongest predictor of daytime activity in working dogs was work schedule. These results indicate that the influence of biological factors on activity varied depending on dogs’ physical demands and human activity was the most powerful driver of activity in working dogs.