Influence Of Biological Factors Research Articles

Вплив трематодної інвазії на вміст деяких груп ліпідів в організмі ставковика звичайного

Розглянуто особливості вмісту триацилгліцеролів (ТАГ), диацилгліцеролів (ДАГ), неетерифікованих жирних кислот (НЕЖК) та фосфоліпідів (ФЛ) у гемолімфі, гепатопанкреасі, мантії та нозі прісноводного черевоногого молюска Lymnaea stagnalis. Встановлено, що в досліджуваних молюсків дія трематодної інвазії викликає зменшення кількісного вмісту ТАГ в гемолімфі, гепатопанкреасі та нозі (на 30,40–43,37%) та його збільшення на 66,02% у мантії. Виявлено зменшення вмісту ДАГ у гепатопанкреасі та мантії (на 24,0%) інвазованих тварин порівняно з неінвазованими. Стосовно НЕЖК, то зареєстровано зменшення вмісту цієї фракції на 24,75% у гепатопанкреасі та його збільшення у мантії (на 32,51%). Показано, що вміст ФЛ зростає в 1,22–3,79 раза в усіх досліджених органах ставковика звичайного. З’ясовано тканинно-органну специфічність розподілу ТАГ, ДАГ, НЕЖК та ФЛ в організмі як інвазованих, так і інтактних L. stagnalis.

The roles of biological factors in coastal sediment transport: A review

<p indent=0mm>Coastal sediment transport and geomorphological evolution are important scientific focuses in the research field of land-ocean interaction. The feedback between various factors such as hydrodynamics, extreme climate conditions, biological effects, human activities results in complex ecological and environmental characteristics and poses a great challenge to the development and protection of coastal areas. Closely related to the evolution of coastal geomorphology, the stability of coastal sediment is mainly affected by sediment properties and associated dynamics. Traditionally, it is considered that the change of sediment characteristics and dynamics is greatly driven by physico-chemical factors such as particle size distribution, water content and mineral composition and so on. However, the impact of various active biological factors is generally neglected. Over the past decades, with the deepening understanding of coastal ecological environment, more attention has been paid to the critical roles of biological factors in coastal systems. A large amount of field observation data and laboratory-controlled experiments demonstrated that organisms inhabiting coastal areas contribute a lot to sediment erosion, transportation, deposition, consolidation processes in direct or indirect ways. For example, the cohesion between sediment particles could be increased by microorganisms through secreting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) so as to enhance sediment stability; salt-tolerant vegetation has an ability to improve the stability of the sediment bed by capacity of sediment retention and reducing hydrodynamic force; the structure of sediment bed could be destroyed by coastal benthos through feeding and burrowing, which would lead to the failure of the bed. On the one hand, these multiple biological effects endow sediment particles with “biological characteristics”, gradually modifying sediment characteristics and sediment dynamics; on the other hand, they try to strengthen or weaken external erosive forces by remolding sedimentary or dynamic environment. Finally, a more stable or unstable coastal biological sedimentological system different from the traditional physico-chemical sedimentological system is formed as a result of the interaction between these diverse biological factors. This enhances the cognition of traditional coastal sediment dynamics, and relevant research is gradually becoming a research hotspot. Understanding the roles of biological effects in coastal sediment dynamics and evolution of coastal geomorphology is helpful for enriching theory of coastal sediment dynamics, promoting the intersection of coastal dynamics, sediment dynamics and ecological environmentology, and promoting the development of the research field “biomorphodynamics”. Focusing on the role of biological factors in the coastal sediment dynamics, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art research on the distribution characteristics of salt-tolerant vegetation, benthos and microorganisms in the coastal area, their contribution to coastal sediment movement as well as the underlying mechanisms. At present, the research on the influence of biological factors on the coastal sediment dynamics is still in the initial stage, and many of the research conclusions are relatively loose, mostly qualitative at macro-level, and a complete theoretical framework has not yet been established. The mechanism of the interaction between coastal sediment and biology, as well as the establishment of simulation models of sediment dynamics and morphological evolution will be the focus of future research.

Phylogenetic Analysis and Substitution Rate Estimation of Colonial Volvocine Algae Based on Mitochondrial Genomes.

We sequenced the mitochondrial genome of six colonial volvocine algae, namely: Pandorina morum, Pandorina colemaniae, Volvulina compacta, Colemanosphaera angeleri, Colemanosphaera charkowiensi, and Yamagishiella unicocca. Previous studies have typically reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship between colonial volvocine algae based on chloroplast or nuclear genes. Here, we explore the validity of phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial protein-coding genes. We found phylogenetic incongruence of the genera Yamagishiella and Colemanosphaera. In Yamagishiella, the stochastic error and linkage group formed by the mitochondrial protein-coding genes prevent phylogenetic analyses from reflecting the true relationship. In Colemanosphaera, a different reconstruction approach revealed a different phylogenetic relationship. This incongruence may be because of the influence of biological factors, such as incomplete lineage sorting or horizontal gene transfer. We also analyzed the substitution rates in the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes between colonial volvocine algae. Our results showed that all volvocine species showed significantly higher substitution rates for the mitochondrial genome compared with the chloroplast genome. The nonsynonymous substitution (dN)/synonymous substitution (dS) ratio is similar in the genomes of both organelles in most volvocine species, suggesting that the two counterparts are under a similar selection pressure. We also identified a few chloroplast protein-coding genes that showed high dN/dS ratios in some species, resulting in a significant dN/dS ratio difference between the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes.

Peculiarities of the Influence of Biological Factors on Human Organism and Conduct of Medical Examinations in Such Cases

Peculiarities of the Influence of Biological Factors on Human Organism and Conduct of Medical Examinations in Such Cases

Protease Activity in Vascular Disease.

Protease Activity in Vascular Disease.

Factors Associated with Substance Use Disorder among Adolescents Age Group: An Integrative Review

Aim: Reviewing the existed literature that addresses the factors influencing adolescent’s substance use disorder. Background: Substance use disorder among adolescents considered a major problem worldwide that affects adolescents wellbeing and destroys their functionality socially, physically and psychologically. Data Sources: A review of relevant literature uses electronic databases including EBSCO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PubMed. Methods: Using an integrative method, peer-reviewed research and discussion papers published between 2011 and 2019 and listed in the CINAHL, SCOPUS, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. Findings: A final review of 9 studies that used quantitative and qualitative research methods to study many factors was related to the substance use disorder. Themes were: Influence of psychological factors on adolescents. Influence of socio-cultural factors on adolescents, the influence of biological factors on adolescents and the influence of environmental factors on adolescents. Conclusions: Reviewed articles revealed that many psychological, biological, socio-cultural, and environmental factors that increase adolescents risk having substance use disorder. For example, stressful life events during adolescents like loss of someone increase the risk to take illicit substances in order to forget painful memory; personal tendency like curiosity and experimentation, increase the risk to have risk health behaviors like substance use disorder. Furthermore, adolescence is a critical period that youth need more supervision and health education to protect them from Substance use disorder.

Features of destruction of pipelines caused by biological factors

Abstract The research of influence of biological factors on features of destruction of metal of pipes of main gas pipelines is conducted. It is established that the ferrito-perlitny structure of steel is rather steady as in the conditions of impact on it of biogenous factors under the exfoliated isolation, i.e. in aerobic conditions, and anaerobic.

Fetal fraction evaluation in non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS).

An important factor in quality control of non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) or testing (NIPT) is a sufficient percentage of fetal DNA to avoid false-negative results. Here we evaluate 14,379 shallow whole-genome sequenced diagnostic NIPS samples, as well as negative controls, for both technical and biological factors that can influence fetal fraction and its assessment. Technically, bioinformatics analyses can have a profound impact on fetal fraction determination. We found best performance for fetal fraction determination with the Ychromosomebased tool DEFRAG for male fetuses and the countbased tool SeqFF for female fetuses. Biologically, gestational age of up to 21 weeks and maternal age had no influence on fetal fraction, while an increase in weight and BMI had a negative influence on fetal fraction. While a trend was observed, no statistically significant difference in fetal fraction was found between trisomy and normal samples. Overall, these results confirm the influence of biological factors and give insight into technical factors that can affect fetal fractions in NIPS.

Influence of biological factors on hematological and serum biochemistry values in captive Adélie, Chinstrap, Gentoo, and Macaroni penguins in Pingtung, Taiwan.

Hematology and serum biochemistry reference values are essential for health evaluation and disease diagnosis in penguins. However, there are currently no published physiological values for captive Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and Chinstrap penguins (P. antarcticus), nor for wild or captive Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus). The present study is the first investigation regarding hematology and serum biochemistry reference values for captive Adélie, Gentoo (P. papua), Chinstrap, and Macaroni penguins in Asia. Fixed effect models for repeated measure were applied to determine the influence of penguin species, age, gender, and age-gender interaction on each blood parameter. Hematology and serum biochemical data from 122 apparently healthy penguins (24 Adélie, 38 Chinstrap, 46 Gentoo, and 14 Macaroni) were collected between 2009 and 2014. The effects of penguin species were observed for most blood parameters, except total bilirubin, creatine kinase (CK), creatinine, and potassium ion (K+ ). Values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), heterophil, ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and chloride ion (Cl- ) had significant positive correlation with age, while significant negative correlation with age was observed in total red blood cells (RBCs), lymphocytes, thrombocytes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), CK, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and plasma iron. Compared to male penguins, females had lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) but higher calcium ion (Ca2+ ) values. As for age-gender interaction, significant positive correlation was shown in MCHC and K+ , and the reverse was true in H/L ratio.

Formation of microplastics by polychaetes (Marphysa sanguinea) inhabiting expanded polystyrene marine debris

Fragmentation of large plastic debris into smaller particles results in increasing microplastic concentrations in the marine environment. In plastic debris fragmentation processes, the influence of biological factors remains largely unknown. This study investigated the fragmentation of expanded polystyrene (EPS) debris by polychaetes (Marphysa sanguinea) living on the debris. A large number of EPS particles (131 ± 131 particles/individual, 0.2–3.8 mm in length) were found in the digestive tracts of burrowing polychaetes living on EPS debris. To confirm the formation of microplastics by polychaetes and identify the quantity and morphology of produced microplastics, polychaetes were exposed to EPS blocks in filtered seawater under laboratory conditions. Polychaetes burrowed into the blocks and created numerous EPS microplastic particles, indicating that a single polychaete can produce hundreds of thousands of microplastic particles per year. These results reveal the potential role of marine organisms as microplastic producers in the marine environment.

ON THE ISSUE OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN HEALTH WORKERS AND THEIR DETECTION IN PERIODICAL MEDICAL INSPECTIONS

The retrospective analysis of the morbidity rate, the loss of the workability in health workers of the Republic of Bashkortostan with occupational diseases over the period from 1960 to 2015 was executed. The distribution of absolute and relative indices of the occupational morbidity rate by years is presented. The factors of the production environment and the labor process contributing to the development of occupational diseases are singled out. The leading place in the structure of the primary morbidity is held by occupational diseases associated with chemical (toxic-allergic) factors, the second - with diseases associated with the impact of physical factors; the third - diseases from the influence of biological factors.

Factors influencing phosphorus regeneration by lake zooplankton—An experimental approach

Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in the trophogenic zone in lakes are main factors determining the trophic state of lakes. The goal of this work was to assess the impacts of enrichment of lake water with nutrients, as well as the presence of large crustaceans, Dreissena polymorpha and fish on the process of phosphorus regeneration by zooplankton (rotifers and crustaceans) in experimental mesocosms. The experiment was carried out for 32 days and consisted of 12 treatments, each replicated in triplicate. The mesocosms were filled with 270 L of natural pelagic water from the eutrophic Lake Mikołajskie and kept on the shore of the lake. Fish did not to have any impact on phosphorus regeneration rates in any of the treatments, whereas the presence of bivalves increased phosphorus regeneration rates. Phosphorus regeneration rates did not affect phosphorus sedimentation in any of the treatments, but the loss of total phosphorus and its increased regeneration rates resulted in markedly decreasing turnover times of phosphorus in all treatments of the experiment. Nutrient enrichment mainly affected phosphorus regeneration by phytophagous and predatory crustaceans and had no impact on phosphorus regeneration by rotifers when large Cladocera were absent. Processes of phosphorus regeneration and uptake included in internal phosphorus cycling were under strong influence of biological factors, which acted quickly, through the changing trophic structure of zooplankton communities, which in turn changed the flow of phosphorus in trophic chains.

Small Scale Genetic Population Structure of Coral Reef Organisms in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia

Small island archipelagos with fringing and dispersed reef systems represent special marine ecosystems, providing a patchy habitat for many coral reef organisms. Although geographic distances may be short, it is still unclear if such environments are inhabited evenly with panmictic conditions or if limited connectivity between marine populations, even on small geographic scales, leads to genetic differentiation between areas within the archipelago or even single reef structures. To study diversity patterns and connectivity between reefs of the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, population genetic analyses of two reef organisms were performed by using the mitochondrial control region and microsatellite markers. A vertebrate (clown anemonefish) and an invertebrate species (sea squirt) were studied in parallel to investigate if there are general patterns of connectivity in Spermonde for sessile or site attached marine species, which can be extrapolated to a larger group. The genetic population structures revealed restrictions in gene flow in the clown anemone fish (Amphiprion ocellaris), especially between near-shore reefs in the South of the archipelago. This indicates very localised genetic exchange and may also reflect the high self-recruitment typical for these fish. The northern reefs show higher connectivity despite geographic distances being larger. The filter-feeding sessile sea squirt, Polycarpa aurata, features similar population patterns, especially in the southern area. However, connectivity is generally higher in the middle and shelf edge areas of Spermonde for this species. The results underline that there are restrictions to gene flow even on very small geographic scales in the studied organisms, with many barriers to gene flow in the southern shallower shelf area. Weaker currents in this area may lead to more influence of biological factors for dispersal, such as larval behaviour, motility and competition for suitable habitat. The results are discussed in the context of conservation and MPA planning in the Spermonde Archipelago.

Investigating the Influence of Biological Sex on the Behavioral and Neural Basis of Face Recognition.

There is interest in understanding the influence of biological factors, like sex, on the organization of brain function. We investigated the influence of biological sex on the behavioral and neural basis of face recognition in healthy, young adults. In behavior, there were no sex differences on the male Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT)+ or the female CFMT+ (that we created) and no own-gender bias (OGB) in either group. We evaluated the functional topography of ventral stream organization by measuring the magnitude and functional neural size of 16 individually defined face-, two object-, and two place-related regions bilaterally. There were no sex differences in any of these measures of neural function in any of the regions of interest (ROIs) or in group level comparisons. These findings reveal that men and women have similar category-selective topographic organization in the ventral visual pathway. Next, in a separate task, we measured activation within the 16 face-processing ROIs specifically during recognition of target male and female faces. There were no sex differences in the magnitude of the neural responses in any face-processing region. Furthermore, there was no OGB in the neural responses of either the male or female participants. Our findings suggest that face recognition behavior, including the OGB, is not inherently sexually dimorphic. Face recognition is an essential skill for navigating human social interactions, which is reflected equally in the behavior and neural architecture of men and women.

Adventitious rooting of conifers: influence of biological factors

Vegetative propagation of superior conifer trees can be achieved, e.g., through rooted cuttings or rooted microshoots, the latter predominantly through in vitro tissue culture. Both techniques are used to achieve rapid multiplication of trees with favorable genetic combinations and to capture a large proportion of the genetic diversity in a single generation cycle. However, adventitious rooting of shoots (cuttings) is often not efficient due to various problems, such as scarcity of roots and cessation of their growth, both of which limit the application of vegetative propagation in some conifer species. Many factors are involved in the adventitious rooting of shoots, including physical and chemical ones, such as plant growth regulators, carbohydrates, light quality, temperature and rooting substrates, or media [reviewed by Ragonezi et al. (Trees 24(6):975–992, 2010)]. The focus of this review is on biological factors, such as inoculations with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria and other endophytes, and mycorrhizal fungi, which were found to stimulate adventitious rooting. These microorganisms could contribute not only to adventitious root development but also to help in protecting conifer plants against pathogenic microorganisms, facilitate acclimation and transplanting, and contribute to more sustainable, chemical-free forests.

Influence of biological factors on injuries occurrence in the Polish population.

Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is one of the most common knee injuries in sports. Although various intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors have been identified, the exact aetiology of the injury is not yet fully understood. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the collagen type I (COL1A1) gene have been shown to be associated with several complex connective tissue disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the association of -1997G/T polymorphisms in the COL1A1 gene with ACL ruptures in Polish recreational skiers in a case-control study. A total of 180 male and female recreational skiers with surgically diagnosed with primary ACL ruptures were recruited for the study, all of whom qualified for ligament reconstruction. The control group was comprised of 245 apparently healthy male and female skiers with a comparable level of exposure to ACL injury, none of whom had any self-reported history of ligament or tendon injury. DNA samples extracted from the oral epithelial cells were genotyped for -1997G/T polymorphisms using PCR method. Genotype distribution in the cases (GG-82.2% GT-16.7%; TT-1.1%) showed significant difference (P=0.036) compared to controls (GG-71.4% GT-26.5%; TT-2.2%). The frequency of the GG genotype in the ACL rupture group was also statistically significant (p=0.011, Fisher's exact test recessive mode: GG vs GT+TT). The frequency of the G allele was higher in these cases (90.6%), and also statistically significant (p=0.012) when compared with controls (84.7%). The results obtained indicate that the -1997G/T COL1A1 gene is one of the genetic markers to be taken into the consideration in the identification of the risk of ACL injury.

Mercury bioaccumulation in an estuarine predator: Biotic factors, abiotic factors, and assessments of fish health

Estuarine wetlands are major contributors to mercury (Hg) transformation into its more toxic form, methylmercury (MeHg). Although these complex habitats are important, estuarine Hg bioaccumulation is not well understood. The longnose gar Lepisosteus osseus (L. 1758), an estuarine predator in the eastern United States, was selected to examine Hg processes due to its abundance, estuarine residence, and top predator status. This study examined variability in Hg concentrations within longnose gar muscle tissue spatially and temporally, the influence of biological factors, potential maternal transfer, and potential negative health effects on these fish. Smaller, immature fish had the highest Hg concentrations and were predominantly located in low salinity waters. Sex and diet were also important factors and Hg levels peaked in the spring. Although maternal transfer occurred in small amounts, the potential negative health effects to young gar remain unknown. Fish health as measured by fecundity and growth rate appeared to be relatively unaffected by Hg at concentrations in the present study (less than 1.3 ppm wet weight). The analysis of biotic and abiotic factors relative to tissue Hg concentrations in a single estuarine fish species provided valuable insight in Hg bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and elimination. Insights such as these can improve public health policy and environmental management decisions related to Hg pollution.

Influence of Biological and Environmental Factors on Leaching Efficiency during Chalcopyrite Bioleaching Process

In the bioleaching process, many factors in ore, water and sediments are important contributors as driving forces to improve leaching efficiency. In this study, FeSO4·7H2O and S0as energy substrates were added to an oxide-rich, low-grade copper ore to explore the influence of biological and environmental factors on leaching efficiency. Mantel test results showed that the leaching rate was significantly correlated with biological and environmental factors with r values of 0.78 and 0.63 respectively, indicating that influence of biological factors were more significant. It cannot be ignored that environmental factors were important to construct the microbial community. Real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that the dominant and minor species wereA. caldusandA. ferrooxidans. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) made it clear that pH and ferrous concentration were crucial for shaping microbial community. All results are of great significant to gain the optimal leaching condition on Zambia oxide-rich, low-grade copper ore.

Biological and environmental influences on parturition date and birth mass of a seasonal breeder.

Natal features (e.g. Julian birth date and birth mass) often have fitness consequences and can be influenced by endogenous responses by the mother to seasonal fluctuations in nutritional quality and photoperiodic cues. We sought to further understand the biological and environmental factors that influence the natal features of a polytocous species in an environment with constant nutritional resources and limited seasonal variation. During a 36-year study we assessed the influence of biological factors (maternal age and litter type [i.e., litter size and sexual composition]) and environmental factors (total precipitation and mean maximum temperature during months encompassing conception, the last trimester of gestation, and the entire length of gestation) on Julian birth date and birth mass using linear-mixed effects models. Linear and quadratic functions of maternal age influenced both natal features with earliest Julian birth dates and heaviest birth masses occurring at prime-age and older individuals, which ranged from 5–9 years of age. Litter type influenced Julian birth date and birth mass. Interestingly, environmental factors affected Julian birth date and birth mass even though mothers were continuously allowed access to a high-quality diet. Random effects revealed considerable variation among mothers and years. This study demonstrates that, in long-lived polytocous species, environmental factors may have a greater influence on natal features than previously supposed and the influence from biological factors is also complex. The documented responses to environmental influences provide unique insights into how mammalian seasonal reproductive dynamics may respond to current changes in climate.

Nondestructive monitoring of the effect of biological activity on the pedogenesis of a Technosol

Pedogenesis is a set of steps which leads to the formation and evolution of soils under pedogenetic factors and processes (e.g., aggregation, weathering, transfer). To describe them quantitatively for a modeling end, constructed Technosols are suitable candidates to be studied, because their initial composition can be controlled. The challenging objective of our work was then to monitor and study nondestructively, visually, and quantitatively the effect of biological agents on the evolution of a constructed Technosol. The Technosol is constructed in three horizons. From bottom to top of the mesocosms, horizons are: (1) gravels, (2) treated industrial soil mixed with paper mill sludge (2/3, 1/3 mass ratio), and (3) green waste compost. Pedogenetic factors are organized according to two modalities each repeated three times: “Plant and Fauna,” where six adult earthworms, Lumbricus castaneus, and five seeds of white lupin, Lupinus albus, are inoculated, and a “control” without any plant and macrofauna. Moisture of 60/80 % field capacity is maintained in all treatments throughout a 14-month experiment. Soil evolution is studied by recurrent image acquisition of the soil profile. At the beginning, roots grew preferentially through fissures and cracks at 10 mm·day-1 speed during the first 3 weeks. Then they grew exponentially until reaching a plateau and decreased when plants were at the end of their life cycle. Earthworms prospected the top of the soil first before exploring the deeper horizons preferentially along roots. During their round-trip between the two horizons, earthworms translocated compost. The porosity increased in the first hours of experience and decreased when the system was irrigated. In the Control, porosity continuously decreased while it increased in Fauna–Plant treatment. The evolution of aggregation is root system-dependent. Aggregation was constant in control but significantly increased in Fauna–Plant treatment (about 10 times at 268 days compared with the control). The use of nondestructive observation of soil profiles is therefore an innovative way of monitoring and quantifying the impact of pedogenetic factors on the functioning and evolution of Technosols. Porosity and aggregation increased with time under the influence of biological factors. Constructed Technosols could be used as model soils for studying the dynamics of soil structure. Although their composition is likely to be different from natural soils, the pedogenetic evolution of Technosols is similar to that of natural soils when facing the impact of biological factors.