Influence Of Bile Salts Research Articles

Influence of bile salts on the lysis of 131 I-labelled plasma clots in human subcutaneous tissue in vivo.

Influence of bile salts on the lysis of 131 I-labelled plasma clots in human subcutaneous tissue in vivo.

Influence of bile salt, pH, and time on the action of pancreatic lipase; physiological implications

The difference in relative rates of hydrolysis of the 1,3- and the 2-ester bonds of triglycerides (50–100:1) catalyzed by pancreatic lipase results in a rapid net hydrolysis of the 1,3-ester bonds at an enzyme level that effects only limited hydrolysis of the 2-ester bond. The net hydrolysis of the 1,3- or primary ester bonds proceeds until a steady state has been established between rate of hydrolysis and synthesis of the primary ester bonds. This equilibrium state involving the primary hydroxy groups is strongly dependent on the pH of the incubation medium and the presence of bile salt and is reached starting either from triglyceride or from fatty acid and alcohol (using the 2-monoglyceride analogue 2-octadecenyl-glycerol ether). At equilibrium at pH 5.0 about 80% of the primary hydroxy groups are acylated. This unexpected finding seems to be explained by the presence of a two-phase (oil/water) system presenting an interphase where the enzyme is acting at a very low water concentration and allowing lipid-soluble reaction products to be removed into the oil phase. Bile salts affect pancreatic lipolysis under slightly acid conditions by changing the equilibrium state as regards the primary ester bonds more towards hydrolysis, i.e., accumulation of monoglyceride. Other detergents so far tested inhibit pancreatic lipase. The physiological implication of these results seems to be that the transformations catalyzed by pancreatic lipase in the presence of bile salt form a system for the continuous supply of monoglycerides and fatty acids to the brush border of the intestinal cells.

The Influence of Bile Salts on Glycoside Biosynthesis in Digitalis purpurea II. : Sodium Deoxycholate, Dehydrocholate, Glycocholate, and Taurocholate

Concentrations of 0.10, 0.25, 1.50, and 5.00% sodium glycocholate were administered into digitalis plants by injection. Sodium glycocholate in the concentration of 0.25% stimulated the glycoside formation while 1.50% sodium glycocholate showed no significant effect on glycoside production and 5.00% sodium glycocholate inhibited glycoside production significantly. Sodium deoxycholate, dehydrocholate, and taurocholate each in the concentration of 0.2 5% showed no significant effect on the biosynthesis of the total glycosides.

Influence of Bile Salts on the Absorption of Quinine

An explanation is offered of the mechanism of absorption of quinine from the intestine on the basis of its interaction with bile salts. Quinine reacts with an excess of sodium dehydrocholate or tauroglycocholate in alkaline medium to form a colloidal solution. When the latter is subjected to dialysis through cellophane, previously swollen with zinc chloride, both quinine and the bile acids are found to diffuse out through the membrane. Quinine dehydrocholate is only partially peptized by an excess of bile salt solution, and the resulting colloid, on dialysis, behaves similarly.

THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES ON THE GLYCOGENOLYSIS OF SURVIVING RAT LIVER THE INFLUENCE OF CORTICAL HORMONE ADDED IN VITRO1

IN TWO preceding communications (1, 2) the in vitro influence of bile salts and insulin on the glycogenolysis of surviving rat liver slices has been investigated with the view of explaining the pathogenesis of Von Gierke's glycogen disease. The next hormone to be considered in this series of experiments was the cortical hormone of the adrenals. It has been demonstrated during the last decade that the adrenal cortex plays an important part in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in mammals. Whereas these studies have been made in vivo, it is the purpose of the present paper to examine the direct in vitro influence of cortical hormone on the process of hepatic glycogenolysis in surviving tissue slices. The methods applied were essentially the same as those described in the first and second communications (1, 2). Liver slices were prepared from non-fasted male rats 5 to 8 months of age with only 2 female animals in the series.

Influence of Bile Salts on the Nervous System Following Intraspinal Usage.

Sodium desoxycholate can be introduced in minute doses in aqueous solution intraspinally in the lumbar region in cats without untoward effects or injury to the cord. Larger doses produce motor and sensory disturbances, and even .death from respiratory paralysis. Traumatized spinal cord tissue is highly susceptible to the toxic action of even minute doses of bile salt in alcoholic solution although apparently resistant to the same doses in aqueous solution. Spinal fluid protein and cord tissue reduce the hemolytic action of bile salt.