The anchoring effect is a kind of heuristic deviation. When people make judgments about someone or something, they are easily dominated by the first impression or the first information, which is like an anchor sinking into the sea to fix people's thoughts somewhere. This paper analyses the fluctuation of inflation rate, the reduction of interest rate, and the change of COVID-19 policy in China in recent years. Consumers' price preferences are anchored by past prices, which prevents them from accurately predicting future price changes. If consumers believe that prices will remain the same in the future, they will use the current price as a benchmark for future prices, and they will base their consumption decisions on this price. However, if the price changes in the future, consumers will be priced wrong, so they will make wrong consumption decisions. Because of the anchoring effect, people have impulsive consumption, retaliatory consumption, and conservative consumption. In order to reduce the negative impact of the anchoring effect on the economy, this paper suggests that people should be fully aware of the market price, make reasonable expectations of inflation, avoid impulse consumption and retaliatory consumption.