Inferential Statistical Analysis Research Articles

“If I use pad, I feel comfortable and safe”: a mixed-method analysis of knowledge, attitude, and practice of menstrual hygiene management among in-school adolescent girls in a Nigerian city

BackgroundAdolescence is a pivotal stage in human development that presents unique challenges, especially for girls navigating the complexities of menstruation. Despite the importance of menstrual hygiene management for adolescent girls’ well-being, this vital aspect of personal health is often overlooked, particularly in regions where cultural stigma prevails. This study examines knowledge, attitude, and practice of menstrual hygiene management among in-school adolescent girls in Abuja, Nigeria.MethodsThe study employed a cross-sectional mixed-method design, integrating quantitative surveys with focus group discussions. A survey was conducted among 420 adolescent girls across four government junior secondary schools through a multistage sampling technique. Also, Focus Group Discussions were conducted among 80 respondents in groups of 10 discussants. The quantitative data set was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, while the qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.ResultsFindings revealed that the majority (53.45%) of the respondents had good knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene management. Junior Secondary School (JSS) 3 students [OR = 2,09; 95% CI = 1.24–3.52] and those who started menstruation at age 15 years and above [OR = 7.52; 95% CI = 1.43–39.49] were associated with increased odds of having good knowledge of menstrual hygiene management. The attitude of most respondents (70.08%) towards menstrual hygiene management was good. Those in the JSS 3 class [OR = 6.47; 95% CI = 3.34–12.54], respondents who are Muslim [OR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.63–5.48], and those whose parents had tertiary education [OR = 3.58; 95% CI = 1.25–10.25] were more likely to demonstrate more positive attitudes compared to their counterparts whose parents do not have tertiary education. In relation to practice, about 3 in 5 (57.80%) reportedly practise good menstrual hygiene management. Respondents who practice traditional religion [OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.02–4.56] were less likely to practise good menstrual hygiene management, while respondents who are the third child of their parents [OR = 2.09; 95% CI = 1.04–4.23] were more likely to practise menstrual hygiene compared to respondents with other birth orders. Qualitative results showed that participants had good knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene management, and mothers were the main source of menstruation-related information. Participants had mixed feelings and reactions during their first menstruation, with 3 in 5 participants reporting experiencing menstruation-related stigma restrictions when menstruating.ConclusionsIn-school adolescent girls in Abuja, Nigeria, have good menstruation-related knowledge and positive attitudes, as well as practise menstrual hygiene management. Students’ class and age at first menstruation were major factors associated with good knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene management; respondents’ class, religion and parents’ educational qualification were associated with a positive attitude, while respondents’ religion and parity line were associated with menstrual hygiene practice. Future interventions should focus on conducting school and community-level awareness programs to increase knowledge and dispel myths and misconceptions about menstruation and menstrual hygiene management.

Increase Reading Comprehension and Critical Thinking through Reading Stories

The successful implementation of the teacher's learning process in Indonesian language lessons in elementary schools depends on students' understanding of basic reading and critical thinking skills. The aim of the research is to develop teaching modules in developing students' reading and critical thinking skills (DRTA) models in improving reading and critical thinking from the fourth grade elementary school students. This research was conducted using a descriptive methodology with a combination of development and research (R&D) approaches using the ADDIE design. In carrying out this research, data collection techniques were used which included defining the early stages of module development and prototype design, as well as preparing the module draft. Data collection through interviews, observation, documentation, and literature studies. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis technique and inferential statistical analysis of research findings showing a significant increase in various fields among grade 4 students with a total of 25 students. In particular, there was a significant improvement in their ability to initial reading ability material and think critically by applying DRTA. Thus the DRTA model can improve the ability to think, read, understand and think critically.

Study of the Relationship Between Students' Biology Learning Outcomes and Students’ Family Environment

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between students' biology learning outcomes and their family environment. This study also aims to identify family environmental factors that contribute to students' biology learning achievement. Methodology: This research is a quantitative research with descriptive method. The population in this is XI science at Public High School 2 Bengkulu, 40 students, and parents of each student is 40 people. The sample was taken using saturated sampling technique. The research instrument used family environment questionnaire, observation, and documentation and data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Main Findings: The results of the analysis show that the family environment has a significant influence on the learning outcomes of class XI science students in the inferential statistical analysis with the F test showing that the calculated F value is greater than the F table, which means that the relationship between the family environment and student learning outcomes is significant. The average results of the family environment are the moderate category, while student learning outcomes are in the very high category. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research focuses on class XI science students, offering a special understanding of how the family environment relationships learning outcomes in biology at a critical educational stage. This can provide in-depth insight into the factors that relationship academic performance at the upper secondary education level. Seeing the relationship of the family environment on biology learning outcomes.

Exploration of the Influence: Self Action, Self Efficacy on Student Creativity in General Biology

Purpose of the study: This study aims to explore the relationship between self-action and self-efficacy with students' creativity in Biology practicum activities. In the context of higher education, understanding the factors that influence creativity, such as self-action and self-efficacy, is very important for designing. Methodology: This is a quantitative study with an ex post facto research method. This study involves three variables, two independent variables and one dependent variable. The sample variables were taken using the Simple Random Sampling technique, so that the researcher obtained sample of 74 students. This study used questionnaire instrument. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Main Findings: The results of this study indicate that for self-action and self-efficacy, the average score is in the moderate category. While for student creativity, the average score is also in the moderate category. The results of inferential statistical analysis with the F test indicate a significant influence between self-action and self-efficacy on student creativity in General Biology practicum activities in the Biology Education Study Program, Fatmawati Sukarno State Islamic University, Bengkulu. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research pays attention to psychological aspects, such as how individuals act towards themselves (Self Action) and individual beliefs in their abilities (Self Efficacy), which may have a significant influence on students' ability to produce creativity when participate in General Biology practicum activities. Focusing on the context of practicum activities can illustrate the influence of these variables in real.

Digital Learning Media in Learning to Write Poetry for Middle School Students

Research has been carried out entitled Digital Learning Media in Learning to Write Poetry for Middle School Students. This research aims to determine the influence of digital learning media on the learning outcomes of class VIII students at SMPN 02 Woja. This type of research is quantitative research using the Quasi Experimental Design method, especially the non-equivalent control group design type. From the learning results obtained before treatment, both the experimental class and the control class showed the same abilities. Next, the posttest value data was tested. The results of the posttest analysis show that the average score for the experimental class is 51.21, while the average score for the control class is 41.70. Based on inferential statistical analysis of the posttest scores, it was found that the calculated t value (t_count) was 1.99 greater than the t table value (t-table) of 1.669. This shows that H0 (null hypothesis) is rejected and H1 (alternative hypothesis) is accepted.

The Effect of the Discovery Learning Model with a Scientific Approach on Student Representation Ability in the Buffer Solution

This study aims to investigate the impact of the discovery learning model with a scientific approach on students' ability to represent macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic aspects of buffer solutions. This study is quantitative research of the quasi-experimental type, utilizing a one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique employed is saturated sampling, where the entire population in the study becomes the research sample, consisting of 44 students from Bala Keselamatan Palu High School. The instrument used to measure the three abilities of student representation employs six essay questions, with each degree of representation assessed by two questions. Prior to usage, the six questions are initially verified by an expert of chemical representation abilities. The data analysis techniques used consist of descriptive data analysis and inferential data analysis. The results of the descriptive data analysis indicate that students' representational abilities have improved after participating in learning using the discovery learning model with a scientific approach. The ability of macroscopic representation has a higher average value and percentage of achievement indicators compared to symbolic and submicroscopic representation abilities. The inferential statistical analysis results indicate that the significant value of the Wilcoxon test is 0.000. The value is smaller than the significance level of 0.05, hence it can be concluded that the discovery learning model with a scientific approach influences students' representation abilities.

Assessment of probable health risk of potentially toxic metals in irrigable wetland soils from Ogun and Lagos States, Southwestern Nigeria

ObjectiveThe present study aimed at investigating the probable health risk associated with potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in irrigable wetland soils from Ogun and Lagos states, Southwestern Nigeria. MethodologyA total of 36 composite soil samples were collected from twelve monitoring sites and analyzed for potentially toxic metals [cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)] using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. PTM data underwent inferential and descriptive statistical analysis using IBM SPSS. Health risk indices were assessed for hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR) using the standard method. Ecological and pollution risks were also assessed. ResultsFe (1465±977 to 47,785±12,049 mg kg−1) was the most abundant metal observed in irrigable wetland soils. The distribution pattern of PTMs in irrigable wetland soils followed the decreasing order of Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Co > Cd. The pollution index risk indicated values greater than 1.0 for Cd (2.43–133), Zn (1.60–6.32), Cu (1.49–5.89), and Pb (1.15–2.94). Cadmium indicated a considerable ecological risk index (4002), a moderate-to-high pollution level according to the Nemerov integrated pollution index (12.33), and a very high enrichment factor (14.1–227). The HQs of PTMs were generally less than 1.0 for adults, while a HI greater than 1.0 was observed for children. The CRs exceeding the threshold limit of 1.0 × 10−4 were observed for Co, Cd, Cr, and Ni [at one or more sampling sites] in the wetland soils exposed to by adults and children. ConclusionIn this study, the irrigated wetland soils showed high ecological, pollution, and carcinogenic risks of Cd, particularly at the Odo Aro monitoring site. The findings from the study could offer a theoretical basis and data support for pollution monitoring, assessment, and control in the study area.

Assessment of Nurses' Perception toward Application of Evidence Based Practice Approach

Background Evidence-based nursing practice (EBNP) has become one of the most effective methods for improving patient outcomes and the quality of care as well as delivering cost-efficient health care. Nurses' perspectives are critical to the successful adoption of evidence -based practice. While positive views regarding EBP serve as a foundation for developing appropriate nursing approaches to improve patient care, there is a noticeable gap between belief in evidence-based practice advantages and actual implementation. Objective : To assess nurses’ perception toward the application of an evidence-based practice approach. Methods : A non-probability using a convenience sampling. Data were collected through self administered questionnaire technique for data collection, which is constructed through the extensive review of the related literature that consisted of two assessment parts first one consist of demographic data, and the second part of the assessment tool is concerned with assessing the nurse's perception scale which include three parts, the first part contains (4) statement, the second part contains (3) statement and the last part contains (2) statement developed by Majid et al (2011). The reliability of the instrument was the Cronbach alpha of perception section was between 0.68 to 0.95, and the face validity of the study instruments was determined by a panel of (12) experts in the Nursing and Medicine fields, and science of psychology, All the experts agreed that the instrument is valid with some suggested modifications. Data were analyzed through the application of frequency, percentage and the inferential statistical analysis approach is used to test the study null hypotheses within a confidence interval equal to 0.95(Chi-square which is used to determine the association between nurses' perception and demographic data). Such analyses are computed by using the SPSS program version 24. Results : The findings indicate that the total assessment of perception about application of evidence-based practice approach about (39.54%) of the nurses have poor perception of evidence-based practice,(51.23 %) of them have moderate perception; while (9.32 %) of them have good levels according to the total assessment of perception about evidence-based practice. Conclusion: According to the study results and discussion half of nurses have good perception toward application of evidence based practice approach when assessed by the statistical analysis.

The prevalence of periodontitis in an Iraqi population using the 2017 classification

Background: To determine the prevalence and severity of periodontitis in an Iraqi population using the 2017 classification. Methods: Data on the periodontal status of patients were retrospectively collected from healthcare records. The information included demographics, clinical parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 26, IBM, USA) software. Results: Out of 1578 records, the periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis represented 26.4%, 37.1%, and 36.5%, respectively with males more affected by periodontal disease compared with females. Periodontitis cases were dominated by stage 3 and 4 which combined accounted for 77.3%, followed by stage 2 (21.3%), and stage 1 (1.4%). When looking at disease grade and levels of stability, localized pattern, Grade C, and unstable status were the most prevalent domains. Regression analysis suggested age, BOP, male, and positive family history as predictors for increasing extent and severity of CAL both in periodontal health and disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of periodontal disease (periodontitis, and gingivitis) was almost equally expressed. Severe periodontitis was the most dominant group whilst milder forms of disease were least prevalent. The data indicated that demographic variables and clinical parameters could predict severity of attachment loss.

Awareness of Shaken Baby Syndrome among Saudi Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Child abuse is a global problem. Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a result of child abuse, with shaking being the most common form of maltreatment, causing mortality or severe brain damage in infants. A lack of awareness of SBS among current and future healthcare professionals can have serious consequences. To date, no studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to examine student nurses' awareness of SBS, so we sought to assess this issue in an academic institution in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. For this questionnaire-based study, we employed a cross-sectional, descriptive design. The target population was nursing students from every year of study in the institution's five-year undergraduate nursing programme, who received an online questionnaire during the 2022-2023 academic year. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Of the 293 respondents, 100.0% confirmed that they were not aware of SBS through their nursing curricula, and 62.1% reported not being made aware of SBS at all during their academic journey. The majority of participants were unaware of the negative consequences of shaking a baby. Most were not aware that shaking a baby vigorously can cause permanent blindness (73.4%), postural impairments (56.7%), sleep disorders (61.1%), or convulsions (60.1%). The results of our study revealed a statistically significant relationship between nursing students' awareness of SBS and both their year of study and marital status. Those at higher academic levels and those who were married were more aware of SBS. To improve nursing students' knowledge of SBS and help them to better inform the public of this syndrome, particularly parents, child maltreatment topics should be added to nursing curricula in Saudi Arabia, and their importance should be emphasised. This will help reduce the prevalence and burden of SBS nationally.

Project Based Learning: Enhancing Character and Creative Thinking Skills through Activity-Based Projects in Numeracy Literacy Courses

The numerous incidents of fights and bullying among students indicate current problems with character development. Additionally, advances in technology and science require individuals to master creative thinking skills. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of an activity-based PjBL model on the development of character and creative thinking skills. This research employs a quasi-experimental design known as the nonequivalent post-test only control group design. The population consists of all elementary education students enrolled in the Numeracy Literacy Development course, totaling 120 students. Tests and questionnaires are often used in research to collect data. The data collection methods employed in this study involve descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Inferential analysis was conducted using MANOVA. The research results indicate differences in character and creative thinking skills after students were taught using the Activity-Based PjBL Model. Based on the study, there are differences in character and creative thinking skills, as seen from the differences in mean values. The difference in character between students taught with the Activity-Based PjBL model and those who were not was 13.74, with the experimental group having a higher average character. Similarly, the difference in creative thinking skills between students taught with the Activity-Based PjBL model and those who were not was 11.44, with the experimental group showing a higher average creative thinking ability. Additionally, the analysis indicates that the variable influencing more is character rather than creative thinking skills. These findings provide a strong basis for recommending the activity-based PjBL model as a solution to improve students' character and creative thinking skills. This model not only focuses on the completion of concrete projects but also integrates activities that encourage collaboration, problem-solving, and innovation.

Pronunciation learning attitudes: The case of EFL undergraduate students in Indonesia

A pronunciation-learning attitude is essential to help students improve their pronunciation proficiency. It is problematic when students do not care about learning proper pronunciation in the process of teaching and learning. Several studies have investigated EFL students’ perceptions toward attitudes of pronunciation learning. However, little research focused on the role of gender on students’ attitudes in this context. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate students’ attitudes toward English pronunciation learning related to gender. An explanatory sequential mixed-method approach, integrating questionnaires of Gardner 1985’s Attitude Motivation of Test Battery (AMTB) and Elliot 1995’s Pronunciation Attitude Inventory (PAI) and interviews, was employed in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to analyse quantitative data gathered from 151 students. For qualitative data, the semi-structured interview transcripts of eighteen participants were analysed using thematic analysis. The questionnaires reveal that the students had positive pronunciation learning attitudes, and no significant differences were found between females and males. Moreover, based on the results of the interviews, the students believed that proper pronunciation learning is important to make the message understood. Reflecting on the study results, it is hoped that English lecturers select more practical pronunciation teaching media that can make students more involved in the teaching and learning process and contribute to English pedagogy about the importance of improving learners’ positive attitude in pronunciation learning.

The Influence of Student Management on Students' Learning Achievement at State 1 Junior High School Tondano, Minahasa District

This study is motivated by studies introduction which shows para educator / Teacher in SMP Negeri 1 Tondano was not involved in the selection. However, they are still educators/teachers this is involved in management in field studentship, based on the results of interviews with the head school. So, researchers offer the involvement of students and teachers in educational management. This research aims to find out how student management is implemented at SMP Negeri 1 Tondano. This research method is quantitative research, meaning research that focuses on or produces numbers ( descriptive data) with a sample of 37 people. The results of this research show that the results of inferential statistical analysis regarding the influence of student management on student learning achievement at SMP Negeri 1 Tondano show that the results of a simple regression test show the influence of student management as seen from the results of the assessment of 37 respondents on student learning achievement which has T = - 1.211 with a significance value of 0.234 > 0.05, which means that H 0 is accepted and H 1 is rejected or there is no influence of student management on student learning achievement at SMP Negeri 1 Tondano.

Telehealth With Comprehensive Live-Fed Real-World Data as a Patient Care Platform for Lung Cancer: Implementation and Evaluation Study.

Telehealth has emerged as a popular channel for providing outpatient services in many countries. However, the majority of telehealth systems focus on operational functions and offer only a sectional patient journey at most. Experiences with incorporating longitudinal real-world medical record data into telehealth are valuable but have not been widely shared. The feasibility and usability of such a telehealth platform, with comprehensive, real-world data via a live feed, for cancer patient care are yet to be studied. The primary purpose of this study is to understand the feasibility and usability of cancer patient care using a telehealth platform with longitudinal, real-world data via a live feed as a supplement to hospital electronic medical record systems specifically from physician's perspective. A telehealth platform was constructed and launched for both physicians and patients. Real-world data were collected and curated using a comprehensive data model. Physician activities on the platform were recorded as system logs and analyzed. In February 2023, a survey was conducted among the platform's registered physicians to assess the specific areas of patient care and to quantify their before and after experiences, including the number of patients managed, time spent, dropout rate, visit rate, and follow-up data. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed on the data sets. Over a period of 15 months, 16,035 unique users (13,888 patients, 1539 friends and family members, and 174 physician groups with 608 individuals) registered on the platform. More than 382,000 messages including text, reminders, and pictures were generated by physicians when communicating with patients. The survey was completed by 78 group leaders (45% of the 174 physician groups). Of the participants, 84% (65.6/78; SD 8.7) reported a positive experience, with efficient communication, remote supervision, quicker response to questions, adverse event prevention, more complete follow-up data, patient risk reduction, cross-organization collaboration, and a reduction in in-person visits. The majority of the participants (59/78, 76% to 76/78, 97.4%) estimated improvements in time spent, number of patients managed, the drop-off rate, and access to medical history, with the average ranging from 57% to 105%. When compared with prior platforms, responses from physicians indicated better experiences in terms of time spent, the drop-off rate, and medical history, while the number of patients managed did not significantly change. This study suggests that a telehealth platform, equipped with comprehensive, real-world data via a live feed, is feasible and effective for cancer patient care. It enhances inpatient management by improving time efficiencies, reducing drop-off rates, and providing easy access to medical history. Moreover, it fosters a positive experience in physician-patient interactions.

The determinants of use behavior of e-procurement system in developing countries

The existing body of literature on e-procurement adoption has not adequately predicted the direct and indirect impact of performance expectancy and effort expectancy on the usage behavior of e-procurement system through the attitude of users. This paper focuses on analyzing the direct and indirect effects of various factors that influence the usage behavior of e-procurement systems in Tanzania. The paper was guided by the Social Information Processing (SIP) theory, the Affect Infusion Model (AIM), and the modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The paper also used a deductive perspective and an explanatory cross-sectional survey research approach. A stratified sampling technique was used to identify 383 respondents (buyers and suppliers) that use the e-procurement system. Data gathering was conducted via the use of a documentary review and questionnaire. Inferential statistical analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. The results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and attitude significantly influence positively the usage behavior of the e-procurement system (p value<0.05). The paper finds that the behavior of buyers and suppliers, after the adoption of an e-procurement system, is indirectly impacted by the system's performance expectancy and effort expectancy, via their positive attitudes. The results of this study confirm the usefulness of the proposed research model in directing management decision-making, particularly in determining the importance of investment considerations when implementing or improving an e-procurement system.

Supply chain management (SCM) framework for small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana

Efficient supply chain management is essential for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana to guarantee a dependable flow of products and services, sustain competitiveness, and promote growth and job creation. The objective of this study is to analyse the current supply chain models utilised by manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana. Additionally, it intends to propose a prototype model that will aid manufacturing SMEs in achieving sustainability, growth, and future expansion in Ghana and other regions. The Conceptual framework was developed by examining variables identified in the existing literature on supplier management practices in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as well as inventory management approaches that are relevant to SMEs. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from the main source. This study employs a mixed method approach, which includes the participation of 363 respondents. Interviews and surveys were carried out with small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners and managers. The data was analysed using the SPSS (v 27.0) computer application, which involved both inferential and descriptive statistical analysis. The findings revealed essential components of the prototype, such as the implementation of supply management (SM), proficient information management (IM), streamlined distribution strategies, and strong marketing and sales strategies, in addition to customer relationship management (CRM) and effective post-sales services. Implementing these supply chain management (SCM) principles effectively can guarantee the sustainability, growth, employment generation, and overall performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana.

The Influence of Digital Technologies on Sustainable Supply Chain Performance in Public Procuring Entities: A Moderating Effect of Legal Frameworks

This study examined the impact of digital technologies on the performance of sustainable supply chains in public procuring entities, with a specific focus on Tanzania. The study was conducted using the Technology-Organization-Environment model, Resource Based Review, and Schumpeter Theory of Innovation as guiding frameworks. The study employed the positivism research paradigm and utilized the simple random sampling technique to gather data from a sample of 410 respondents. The data collection process utilized descriptive and explanatory cross-sectional survey research methods. The data were obtained by administering questionnaires and conducting a review of relevant documents. The collected data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software for inferential statistics analysis. For descriptive statistics analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26 was utilized to examine the data collected on respondents' profiles. The results indicate that the implementation of Internet of Things, Blockchain, Big Data Analytics, and Legal Frameworks as a moderator has a beneficial impact on the performance of Sustainable Supply Chains. The study suggests that buyers, suppliers, service providers, and contractors in Tanzania and other developing countries should incorporate Internet of Things, Blockchain, Big Data Analytics, and Legal Frameworks to effectively implement Sustainable Supply Chain Performance.This study successfully addressed the need for a specific model that defines the factors influencing the performance of a sustainable supply chain, with legal frameworks acting as moderators. This paradigm is absent from the current collection of empirical and theoretical literature.

Patient Safety Culture from a Nursing Perspective in a Chilean Hospital.

Patient safety culture is relevant both in the delivery of care and in the training of nursing staff, its purpose being to prevent and reduce risks associated with health care. This research aims to evaluate patient safety culture from the perspective of the nursing teams in a highly complex public hospital in the city of Valparaíso, Chile. A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach applying descriptive, bivariate, and inferential statistical analysis was conducted on 259 nurses and nursing assistants from 13 adult medical-surgical units of the Carlos Van Buren hospital. The participants were obtained through a non-probabilistic convenience sample, answering the hospital survey on Patient Safety Culture version 2.0 (HSOPS 2.0), adapted to the Chilean population. The best-evaluated dimension was communication and receptivity; the worst was the support administrators provide for patient safety. This study identified the weaknesses and strengths of the hospital, the most worrying weakness being the shortage of human capital, material, and financial resources necessary to improve patient safety. This study was not registered.

Learning Motivation and Parenting Patterns: Factors that Influence Elementary School Students' Science Learning Outcomes

Students have low learning motivation so that it has an impact on low learning outcomes. In addition, parenting style also affects student learning outcomes. The purpose of this research is to analyze the learning motivation and parenting style of parents on the science learning outcomes of elementary school students. This type of research is expost pacto research which is related to learning motivation and parenting patterns on student learning outcomes. The population in this study amounted to 141 students. This study uses a saturated or census sampling technique. The methods used in collecting data are observation and questionnaires. The instrument used to collect data is a questionnaire sheet. The data analysis technique used in this study is inferential statistical analysis. The results of the research are the first hypothesis obtained that there is a positive and significant relationship between learning motivation and science learning outcomes of fifth grade students. The second hypothesis found that there was a positive and significant relationship between parenting parents and the science learning outcomes of fifth grade students. The third hypothesis found that there was a positive and significant relationship between learning motivation and parenting styles with students' science learning outcomes. It was concluded that the learning motivation and parenting style of parents can improve the science learning outcomes of fifth grade students.

The Positive Impact of the Problem Based Learning Model Assisted by Audio Visual Media on the Science Knowledge Competency

The number of students' deficiencies in understanding science learning material is caused by the use of learning components that are less than optimal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the problem-based learning model assisted by audio-visual media on the competence of science knowledge in fifth-grade elementary school. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study was fifth-grade students. The sample in this study was determined by cluster random sampling technique. The sample in this study was fifth-grade elementary school students. Data in this study were collected using the test method in the form of multiple choices. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques and t-test inferential statistical analysis techniques. The results of the t-test analysis obtained tcount = 8.413 and ttable = 4.027 with a significance level of 5%. The results of these calculations show that tcount>ttable, so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the problem-based learning model assisted by audio-visual media on the science knowledge competence of fifth-grade elementary school students. The implication of this research is to improve students' science knowledge competence.