Building Materials Industry Research Articles

Оценка состояния и перспективы развития промышленности строительных материалов региона

Оценка состояния и перспективы развития промышленности строительных материалов региона

Energy Efficiency of Buildings for Various Purposes

The construction industry is the largest consumer of material and energy resources. Resource saving makes a great contribution to energy, environmental security and improving the quality of life of the population – the constituent elements of national security. An important part of resource saving is improving the energy efficiency of buildings. The problem of energy efficiency has been relevant for more than fifty years. Energy-efficient buildings must meet the requirements of minimum energy consumption not only at the design stage, but in general throughout the life cycle, which includes the processes of design, construction and installation works, construction control, operation and disposal. Improving of the energy efficiency of buildings is the process of bringing the design of the total reduced costs of external walling and heating of the building to the minimum possible value. The main elements of the operating costs for heating the building are fuel costs. Therefore, the optimization of the level of thermal protection of buildings will not only increase the level of energy efficiency and comfort of civil buildings, but also provide a significant economic effect, the value of which will continuously increase in accordance with the life of the building. The method of optimizing the level of energy efficiency, including thermal protection of buildings for various purposes, should help to improve the balance of wall materials and structures, so that the production of the most cost-effective products continuously increases and, accordingly, the share in the balance of less economical products decreases. As a result of this restructuring of the building materials industry can get a significant economic effect. Thus, there is a link between the level of thermal comfort of civil and industrial buildings and the increase in productivity, the reduction in the number of diseases of workers, the reduction of the corresponding costs of production and health care and, ultimately, the growth of national income.

Utilization of the black tea powder as multifunctional admixture for the hemihydrate gypsum

The purpose of this work was to investigate the feasibility of using black tea powder produced through green technology (plant-source material and biotechnology) as multifunctional admixture for the hemihydrate gypsum. The hemihydrate gypsums were mixed with black tea, and the setting times, densities, hydration characteristics and strengths of different plasters were discussed, and the mechanisms responsible for their performance variations were explored by isothermal calorimeter, X-ray powder diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. Besides, the economic and environmental compatibilities were also considered. The results indicate that black tea lowers the water requirement and improves the normal consistency, and then the high density is acquired. It prolongs the setting times. Moreover, this prolongation is more remarkable as more black tea is introduced. The gypsum strength is related to the content of black tea. Moderate black tea has the positive role in the improvement of strength, but the excessive black tea poses a negative effect. Furthermore, black tea alters the gypsum hydration process. It decreases the hydration rate and delays the hydration time of gypsum. Although more black tea seriously delays the gypsum hydration, all hemihydrate gypsum thoroughly converts into dihydrate gypsum after 28d. SEM results show that black tea changes the gypsum crystal morphology. All gypsum crystals are long and needlelike in the hardened pastes with less than 1% black tea. However, these crystals become shorter and larger as more black tea is mixed. Various crystal morphologies mainly contribute to the strength alteration of gypsum with black tea. These results show that black tea can serve as an alternative to the traditional functional admixture and then acquire a green and sustainable technology for the preparation of hemihydrate gypsum functional admixture, but also expand the commercial utilization of black tea in the building materials industries and foster the development of building industry towards green-oriented and sustainability.

Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Polymer Concrete with Different Fibers

The experimental results obtained by studying the influence of different types of fibers on the mechanical properties of fly ash polymer concrete are presented in the paper. The general demand of using wastes found applicability in building material industry because some of them are beneficial in improving concrete properties. The waste additions type fly ash and fibers were incorporated in polymer concrete. The study focused on fibers type glass, polyester, metallic and cellulose. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength were investigated having in view the type, dosage and length of fibers. The results show that fibers improved mechanical properties in comparison with that of polymer concrete without fibers, the test results being differently influenced by the factors which were considered.

The spatial distribution and epidemic trend of silicosis in Guangdong province

Objective: To investigate the characteristics, temporal trend of silicosis, and provide basis for risk assessment and precise prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods: Using descriptive statistics to analyze the reported cases of silicosis by SPSS 20.0 software. Reported silicosis cases, the constituent ratio, the incidence age and the working age at onset were analyzed by a linear trend test. Analyzing the variation trends of regional, industry, economic type and enterprise scale distributions by the chi-square trend test. Moreover, using Moran's I method for spatial autocorrelation analysis and trend-surface analysis. Results: (1) During 2006 to 2015, Guangdong province had reported 1, 428 cases of silicosis, mainly gathered in Foshan, Zhongshan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, which included 1391 male cases accounting for 97.41%. And the average incidence age was 45 (39, 51) . The average working age of onset was 9 (5.5, 15) . In economic type distribution, the private economy took the main part, accounting for 59.1%. In enterprise scale distribution, it was dominated by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) , accounting for 32.4% and 37.3% respectively. In industry distribution, most cases were gathered in materials and mining industry, accounting for 32.1% and 22.9% respectively. (2) The number of silicosis cases, the incidence age and the working age of onset showed a rising trend (P<0.01) . Meanwhile, the constituent ratios of medium-sized enterprises and building materials industry were increasing (P<0.05) . The annual variation trends of regional, economic type and age distributions were not statistically significant (P> 0.05) . (3) The spatial distribution trend showed an inverted U type, which was firstly raised and then declined from south to north and from east to west. The distribution characteristic demonstrated some high-high cluster areas, including Chancheng, Nanhai, Shunde, Panyu, Dongguan, Pengjiang, and Zhongshan. While Wuhua showed a high-low outlier form (P<0.01) . Conclusion: Silicosis cases, age and working age of onset were on the rise, as well as the industry and enterprise scale distributions of occupational diseases presented a certain trend in Guangdong province from 2006 to 2015. There were high-high cluster and high-low outlier phenomena in spatial distribution with spatial correlation. Therefore, our work of silicosis epidemic trend and distribution may provide some bases for the occupational disease risk assessment and control.

Comparative Analysis of Boiler Energy Efficiency Regulation System

Industrial boilers are increasingly used with the rapid economic development of our country, with both energy consumption and pollutant emissions ranking second in national industry sector, second only to utility boilers; their coal consumption is far higher than high energy-consuming steel, petrochemical and building material industry sectors, and their pollutant emissions caused to national key cities have exceeded that of utility boilers. In this paper, we focused on the merits and demerits of China’s industrial boiler energy efficiency indicator standards and make suggestions for improvement, specially, China industry boilers energy efficiency standards and regulation. We really think it will great promote China industry boilers energy efficiency progress.

Composites of Portland cement and fibers ofGuadua angustifoliaKunth from Colombia

The main objective of this work is to study the flexural mechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced composites made of ordinary white Portland cement combined with Guadua bamboo from Colombia (known as Guadua angustifolia Kunth or just guadua). Fibers were carefully removed from the stem with a knife in a manual process, and then samples with 0.0, 4.0, and 8.0 wt% of fibers were fabricated. No further treatment was used in order to make the process as simple and inexpensive as possible for applications in the construction and building materials industry. Mechanical and structural characterization was analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Density compressive strength and Weibull distribution graphs were included in this work. The results show that flexural strength increases as the fiber content is increased. They also show a very good impregnation of the cement in the fibers, which validated the use of fiber from the bamboo culm. It is feasible that these composites can be used in the construction and building materials industry on a large scale for noncritical ultimate strength applications because of the low costs associated with processing the fibers.

Physicochemical and radiological characterization of kaolin and its polymerization products

The aim of this study was determination of physical-chemical and radiological characteristics of kaolin and products of alkali-activated thermally treated kaolin (geopolymer). Also, the objective of presented research was to investigate the possibility of kaolin application as a pigment or as a raw material for obtaining geopolymer materials as a relatively new ones in a building material industry. Physicochemical characterization of one set of samples was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra - red (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Activity concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides in kaolin, metakaolin and geopolymer were determined. The absorbed dose rate (D) and the annual effective dose rate (EDR), calculated in accordance with the UNSCEAR 2000 report, are also presented in this paper. Kaolin was heat-treated on 750oC and specific activity of natural radionuclide in metakaolin increased up to 1.6, while measured specific activities in geopolymer were the lowest.

Development Trend of Global Green Building Materials Industry Based on Patent Analysis

Using the incopat intelligence platform, the development status of the current green building materials was analyzed from the perspectives of IPC technology composition, patent licensing, patent transfer, patent applications, and patent types. It is concluded that the global green building materials industry is unbalanced in development, and it is necessary to strengthen industrial exchanges and development between countries, to jointly promote and achieve a win-win situation; Despite the high number of patents in China, the patent translation rate of Chinese universities and research institutes is relatively low, and the government should establish a communication platform between industry, universities, and research institutes to gain an in-depth understanding of market demand, which would help to patent transfer.

Eco-Cement with Low Carbon Dioxide Emission and Less Operation Energy

Climate change is one of the world's greatest and most urgent challenges. It also offers an opportunity to redesign the way of our thinking and organize our lives. Green or sustainable buildings are characterized by reducing operation energy and minimizing life-cycle costs. Pollution of the waste material and gases emitted during industrial process represent the major challenge for Climate change. Cement industry is one of these challenges, since each produce ton of cement emitted approximately one ton of CO2. This work succeeded to overcome the negative impacts of cement industry through decreasing the CO2 emission and energy consumed during its process by using waste material. Energy efficiency of building material industry and recycling of waste material are tipping points in the any rating system determining the compliance of the constructed building to be Eco-Building.

Preparation and characterization of fire retardant straw/magnesium cement composites with an organic-inorganic network structure

Magnesium cement product is an excellent fire-retardant material that has been extensively used in the building materials industry. But their strength and ability to withstand humid conditions still yet to be improved. The silicone-acrylate emulsion was utilized in this study to improve the water resistance and mechanical strength of the straw-magnesium cement (SMC) composites. The properties improvement mechanism and fire-retardant performances was also analyzed. For the SMC composites containing 6% silicone-acrylate emulsion, the modulus of rupture, internal bond strength and the strength retention coefficient after immersion have all increased significantly. In contrast, the thickness swelling, water absorption decreased dramatically. The analysis results showed that an organic-inorganic network structure was formed in the novel magnesium cement, which enhanced the integrity of the material and played a role in protecting the crystals against hydrolysis. With the enhanced water resistance and mechanical strength, the novel SMC composites broadened the use in humid environments and increased the service life. Their excellent fire-resistant properties make the novel SMC composites an ideal candidate for use in public venues.

Testing and Green Assessment Technology for Ready-Mixed Concrete

Concrete is the most extensively used material in building and civil project structure. With the rapid development of economic construction, urban construction and infrastructure construction increase year by year, so there is a greater demand for concrete, which brings the rapid development of ready-mixed concrete industry. During the rapid development, structural safety and durability problems caused by concrete quality appear frequently. Meanwhile, to implement the fundamental national policies of resource conservation and environment protection, according to Green Building Action Plan (GUOBANFA [2013] No.1) approved by CPC Central Committee and the State Council, besides meeting the quality requirements, ready-mixed concrete must also meet the green products requirements of "energy conservation, emission reduction, safety, convenience and recyclability" for the vigorous development of green building material and supporting the requirements for building energy conservation, green building and new-type urbanization construction. By quality testing, this paper elaborates the green assessment technology for ready-mixed concrete in combination with raw material quality control, design of mix ratio, production process quality control, construction process quality control, residual concrete treatment, hardened concrete quality control, and control of dust, noise and wastewater. The greening of ready-mixed concrete brings the production and application of green building material, promotes the transformation and upgrading of building material industry and drives the development of green building.

Carbon emissions quota allocation based equilibrium strategy toward carbon reduction and economic benefits in China's building materials industry

Abstract The rapid urbanization in China over the last decade has resulted in increased carbon emissions from the building materials industry. This paper seeks to reach a trade-off between economic benefits and carbon emissions in the building materials industry by integrating a carbon emissions quota allocation (CEQA) based equilibrium strategy under a carbon emissions trading (CET) mechanism that fully considers the stakeholder relationships between the regional authority and the building materials suppliers. An interactive solution approach with fuzzy random variables (FRVs) is designed to determine the trade-off between these decision makers. The methodology is then applied to a real world case to demonstrate its practicality and efficiency. Comprehensive discussions under different policy control scenarios and comparative analysis of two carbon reduction policies are conducted to assist policy makers. It was found that the proposed methodology encouraged building materials suppliers to adjust their production and carbon emissions quota purchase plans, further assisting regional authority to control the industry's emissions performance by providing a “win-win” solution for the regional authority and suppliers when making logical economic-environmental trade-off decisions.

Empirical Analysis on the Characteristics of Accounting Elements of Listed Companies in Building Materials Industry

This paper builds an empirical model of accounting factors such as inventory, receivables, liabilities, net assets, operating costs, operating income, net profit and other accounting factors in the assets of accounting factors. To net profit to be explained variable, other accounting elements as the explained variable, for China's building materials industry (A shares) in the third quarter of 2017 financial indicators for the empirical analysis, trying to find out decision accounting elements dependent data regularity of construction building materials industry net profit model, the elements of accounting in the model structure characteristics, in order to strengthen industrial chain management, to the back-end industry: A leading role in the real estate industry to provide decision basis; To provide the decision-making basis for the construction materials industry and the internal supply side reform of specific companies in the industry.

Resource-saving technologies for cleaning gas emissions in the production of building materials

High requirements to ensure sanitary and hygienic working conditions and reduce harmful emissions into the environment are provided through ventilation systems equipped with efficient and economical equipment. The task of improving the air basin is to reduce the amount of harmful substances in the ambient air to the level of MPC and lower, which, with increasing volumes of ventilation and process emissions, determines the increased requirements for industrial filters. The most effective are wet devices, in which the process of gas cleaning is carried out through interaction with the liquid, most often with water. The authors developed a number of high-efficiency dust-collecting apparatuses, in which the majority of methods for contacting elements with a liquid are realized simultaneously, which determines the maximum completeness of gas purification from dusts with different physico-chemical properties. One of them is an aerohydrocyclone intended for combined simultaneous cleaning of a technological product in the form of a suspension and dusty air removed from the shelters of technological equipment. This apparatus with internal circulation of liquid, where the concentration of trapped dust in the irrigating liquid affects the efficiency of dust collection, the frequency of water replacement, the operating mode and the load of the water-slurry farm. The particulate materials of the slurry intensifies the process of dispersion, irrigating liquid and its structural viscosity, as well as the stability of the formed foam, which contributes to a more effective manifestation of various wet dust collection mechanisms.The implementation of the installation of a wet dust collector for complex cleaning in the technological line for the preparation of lime milk from the construction materials factory made it possible to reduce the concentration of dust in emissions at the maximum level of ensuring the economy of aspiration systems. The obtained results testify to the positive experience of the operation of wet dust collectors for complex cleaning in the building materials industry, and the regularities connecting the operation modes of the apparatus with the properties of trapped dusts and the features of technological processes make it possible to recommend them for use in various enterprises.

Строительство и промышленность строительных материалов в 2017 году. Краткосрочный прогноз

Строительство и промышленность строительных материалов в 2017 году. Краткосрочный прогноз

Characterization of clay deposits in the Adrar region, with a view to their valorization in the building materials industry

In the context of sustainable local development of the Adrar region, one of the largest regions in the Algerian Sahara. The search for local useful substances has been initiated by the Algerian state to cover the need for building materials in the construction industry. However, from a geological point of view, the Adrar zone is located in the extension of the primary chain of the Ougarta which separates two sedimentary basins of Reggane and Timimoun, as well as the basin of Sbâa. In this context, an experimental study is focused on the characterization of clay deposits, with a view to their valorization in the construction materials industry (ceramics) sector, with the aim of contributing to the use of local materials.

Characterization of clay deposits in the Adrar region, with a view to their valorization in the building materials industry

Characterization of clay deposits in the Adrar region, with a view to their valorization in the building materials industry

电化学处理酸洗废液制备氧化铁的研究

酸洗废液是制约金属建材行业发展的一大阻碍，酸洗废液的处理问题因此成为我国近几年来的热点研究问题之一。本文采用自制电化学装置对Fe2+浓度为1 g/L模拟酸洗废液的处理过程及实验产物进行分析，外加电源为12 V。对实验过程中的铁离子浓度在阴阳两极出水实时变化趋势进行定量分析，得出结论：实验设备可使Fe2+向Fe3+转化，最终向沉淀转化。对实验产物进行定性分析，通过XRD表征可知产物成分为氧化铁，通过SEM表征对氧化铁产物形貌进行分析，可知产物晶体为片状，粒径为纳米，分布较为均匀。并对实验接下来的方向提出要求，制备形貌可控的氧化铁纳米材料，以及再生酸液可达到回用标准。 Waste pickling is a major obstacle to the development of metal building materials industry, and the treatment of waste pickling has become one of the hot topics in recent years in China. In this paper, the treatment process and the experimental samples of simulated waste pickling with Fe2+ concentration of 1 g/L were analyzed by the self-made electrochemical device, and the external power supply was 12 V. The quantitative analysis of the real-time variation trend of ferric ion concentration in cathode and anode during the experiment was carried out. The conclusion is that the experimental equipment can transform Fe2+ to Fe3+ and finally to the precipitation. The quali-tative analysis of the experimental products showed that the samples were iron oxide by XRD, and the pattern of iron oxide was analyzed by SEM. It was found that the crystal samples was flaky, the particle size was nanometer, and well-distributed. In addition, the requirements of the following experiments were proposed to prepare the iron oxide nano-materials with controllable pattern, and the regenerated acid could be reused.

Инновационные грохоты для промышленности строительных материалов

Инновационные грохоты для промышленности строительных материалов