Industry Activity Research Articles

Evaluating carbon tax policy: A methodological reassessment of a natural experiment

Heralded as the grand experiment in carbon tax policy, the Canadian province of British Columbia was on the forefront of North American environmental policy when it implemented a carbon tax in 2008. Despite being well-lauded in the literature, new data suggests that CO2 emissions and fossil fuel consumption have in fact risen in recent years. We test the effectiveness of the policy change using a synthetic control analysis and find that, contrary to the theoretical intuition about carbon taxation, CO2 emissions and gasoline consumption rose in British Columbia relative to the synthetic control. However, we do find there to be a reduced share of economic activity in the energy industry following the policy change.

Assessment of surface water from physicochemical parameters

Unwanted changes in the physical, chemical, and biological features of air, water, and soil pose a serious hazard to people all over the world. Water is highly polluted with various dangerous chemicals as a result of the rising human population, industry, fertilizer use, and man-made activity. Weathering of rocks and leaching of soils, mining processes, mixing of different domestic contaminants (detergents), and other factors contaminate natural water. Because of the usage of contaminated drinking water, various water-borne diseases affect human health; therefore it is vital to monitor the quality of drinking water at regular intervals. This study comprises a water assessment using Physico-chemical parameters. This research data has been collected from Jamwa-Ramgarh, Virat Nagar, Bassi, and Amber tehsil in the Jaipur district during the study period (2019-2022). This paper has included appropriate methodologies for the determination of Physico-chemical parameters. Temperature, acidity, hardness, pH, sulfate, chloride, DO, BOD, COD, alkalinity, and other physicochemical parameters are calculated because they all are necessary to analyze water quality. the determination of the concentration of certain heavy metals(Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu), is also included in this paper because these heavy metals are dangerous to water species and also produce poison inside the water.

Air connectivity and regional employment: a spatial econometrics approach

ABSTRACT While there is ample evidence for the existence of positive wider economic impacts of air transportation, the associated spatial distribution of these impacts has received less attention. This paper uses a spatial–econometric approach with instrumental variables on European NUTS-3-level panel data to study the spatial distribution of the impacts of air transport access on a subset of service-sector employment that is not directly affected by activity in the aviation industry. While the spatially resolved approach confirms previous findings that regions close to an airport experience service-sector employment increases due to improved air transport access, we also find evidence for the presence of an agglomeration shadow, that is, negative employment effects for regions further away from an airport. The average total impact of connectivity increases on service employment is found to be positive.

Key trends in the development of mechanical engineering in Ukraine

The article presents an analysis of the state of and trends in the Ukrainian mechanical engineering industry based on selected key economic indicators. The industry is characterised by unstable, negative dynamics and falling production volumes, a rapid decrease in the volume and share of implemented innovative products, a significant reduction in the number of manufactured motor vehicles, an insignificant volume of high-tech products, a reduction in capital investments and a high level of depreciation of fixed tangible assets, extremely low labour productivity, a rapid decline in the number of employed workers, relatively low wages, a deterioration of the external balance. The authors view the current economic trends as destructive systemic changes that can significantly affect not only the activity of the machine-building industry but of the country as a whole. They highlight the critical state of the domestic mechanical engineering industry caused by a long period of inaction on the part of the state as regards the development of this industrial sector, which is only exacerbated by the military and hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The authors propose ways of overcoming these negative tendencies.

ANTI-CRISIS MARKETING AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE TOURIST BUSINESS IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The purpose of the paper is to set of organizational and economic relations that arise during the development and implementation of the mechanism of anti-crisis marketing, under the influence of external factors such as pandemic and war. Methodology. The survey is based on the use of methods and principles of system, logical management, statistical, program and target methods. The statement and proof of working hypotheses were carried out on the basis of methods of classification, balloon-index estimations, expert methods. Results. Analytical work on the analysis of trends in the development of tourism business in the context of European integration is completed. The most probable changes in the trends of 2022, awaiting the tourism industry, are given. Emphasis is placed on the development of domestic tourism for countries with favorable natural conditions and appropriate infrastructure. To assess the situation of the tourism business, a survey was conducted using the developed questionnaire in Google forms. It has been revealed that the system of anti-crisis marketing has properties that determine the features of the management mechanism: flexibility and adaptability, ability to diversification and timely situation response, the ability to effectively use the innovative potential of the enterprise; its identification and development of appropriate anti-crisis measures. It is proved that the tourism sector should change its priority, be flexible and adaptable. Today, the emphasis of tour operators in 2022 should be on domestic tourism: recreational tourism; relaxation tours that help restore health; tourist trips with the direction of art, pottery, etc. The analysis of the market and the influence of factors on the activity of the enterprises of tourism business have been conducted. Tourism companies can apply different directions in the anti-crisis programs that will help the enterprise to overcome the crisis: borrowing from the experience of countries of the world; diversity and quality of services; staff motivation: to create a common system of remuneration of personnel depending on the result of activity of the hospitality industry; support of the country. Practical implications. A program of anti-crisis actions has been proposed, which will become an important component of future development and not a decline. Value/originality. Introduction of the mechanism of crisis management at the enterprise of tourism business, using marketing tools.

Vulnerability and spatial competition: The case of fisheries and offshore wind projects

Professional fishing activities are subject to spatial pressures. The cohabitation between a traditional fishing activity and development of the offshore wind energy industry raises questions about space sharing and rules of use. This paper proposes to adapt the vulnerability methodology developed to deal with global threats of climate change to this example of local, non-climatic change using the case study of a floating wind turbine project between Groix and Belle-Île (France). To understand and compare the potential impact of the different artisanal fishing activities, the method aims to conceptualize vulnerability with the identification of social, economic, and environmental key pressures and address them in a composite index. Although the smallest fishing units appear to be the most vulnerable, this effect is associated with a high sensitivity to the area near the coast. This research also highlights the importance of transparency and clarity during the construction of the composite index to avoid misinterpretation. This case study supports the relevance of applying the vulnerability method on a local scale to facilitate dialogue between stakeholders and reduce negotiation costs.

Peculiarities and Dynamics of Financing Innovative Activity in High-Tech Industries of the Russian Federation

Relevance. One of the conditions for strengthening the position of the country on the global markets is the production of high-tech goods, determining the possibility of quality satisfaction of modern needs. Activation and intensification of processes in the Russian economy contribute to the enterprises - generators of innovation and belonging to the sector of high-tech production. Applying advanced technologies, demonstrating the innovative activity, the enterprises are called to determine the strategic vector of innovative economy formation. Therefore, consideration of the issue of studying the structure of funding sources of this sector, existing problems and prospects will allow making forecasts adequate to modern realities.Purpose ‒ to analyze the current state of the process of financing high-tech industries as the basis for structural changes in the industrial sector of the economy and the source of stable socio-economic development of the state.Objectives: to examine the structure and sources of financial investments in the high technology sector, analyze the dynamics and effectiveness of funding of innovation activities in the high technology sectors of the Russian economy in current conditions.Methods. The research was based on the methods of comparative analysis, economic and statistical analysis, and methods of expert evaluations.Results. The efforts of the state to introduce advanced technologies affect all sectors of the economy and, primarily, the high-tech sector. This is because industrialized countries are currently undergoing the processes of restructuring and modernization of industry, with special attention being paid to knowledge-intensive and high-tech industries. It is possible to ensure the competitiveness of domestic industrial products with the development and implementation of correct strategies of economic development, elaborated legislative base in the relevant area, and sufficient financing for conducted transformations.Conclusions. Despite the active attention of the state to the high-tech sector of the economy, the issue of timely and sufficient financing thereof remains open, which creates objective difficulties for solving the tasks set by the President to preserve the scientific and technological potential of the Russian Federation, ensure conditions for innovative development of the real sector of the economy and improve the competitiveness of the Russian industry at the national and international levels.

In Vitro Study of the Biological Potential of Wastewater Obtained after the Distillation of Four Bulgarian Oil-Bearing Roses.

The wastewater after rose oil distillation is usually discharged into the drainage systems and it represents a serious environmental problem. While being rich in polyphenols, which have beneficial biological activity and application in the pharmaceutical industry, limited research has been carried out about the biological activity of the specific wastewaters per se. Wastewaters after distillation of the four Bulgarian oil-bearing roses Rosa damascena Mill., R. alba L., R. centifolia L., and R. gallica L. exerted significant antioxidant activity and good antiherpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) activity while maintaining a good toxicological safety profile (low cytotoxic effect) towards normal cell lines. More precisely, the non-tumorigenic cells were a human (HEK-293 embryonic kidney cells) and a mouse cell line (CCL-1 fibroblasts, which are recommended as a standard for cytotoxicity evaluation in Annex C of ISO 10993-5). The concentrations that achieved antioxidant and radical scavenging effects (0.04–0.92% v/v) were much lower than most of the maximum tolerated concentrations for the tissue culture cells (0.2–3.4% v/v). The wastewaters had a weak antiproliferative effect against Staphylococcus aureus. None of the wastewaters had activity against Gram-negative bacteria or a bactericidal or antifungal effect. We can conclude that these four species, which are the most preferred species worldwide for producing high-quality rose oil, have the potential to be developed as promising antioxidant and antiherpesvirus nutraceuticals.

Carbon intensity of the Ukrainian industry: current state and foresight

As part of the current carbon intensity assessment and foresight of the prospects for the decarbonization of the Ukrainian industry, the most carbon-intensive (initially creating a significant carbon footprint) and carbon-vulnerable (showing the highest growth rates of carbon intensity over time) industrial sectors were identified. It is substantiated that the processing industry, agriculture, transport and energy, which have both of the above negative characteristics, are of the greatest competitive importance for Ukrainian GDP and are the most promising sectors for priority development. It is defined that for the period 1990-2020 the carbon intensity of Ukrainian GDP exceeds the global and European average levels, despite certain favorable trends in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. As of 2022 the carbon footprint of the Ukrainian industry does not exceed the established quota. However, if current trends continue, it may be exhausted by 2040. At the same time, slow progress in the decarbonization of the Ukrainian energy sector, downward dynamics of the value added in industry, a weak motivating role of environmental taxes and low investment activity of industry do not provide favorable prerequisites for effective decarbonization and digitalization of the industrial complex. The established positive trends in the reduction of carbon intensity are due to destructive phenomena in the long term (deindustrialization of the economy and economic stagnation due to the pandemic) and are temporary in nature, while maintaining the risks of increasing greenhouse gas emissions to pre-crisis levels in case of maintaining the current technological order. According to the basic scenario of the decarbonization of the Ukrainian industry (preservation of current trends and phenomena), an exhaustion of the national quota for greenhouse gas emissions by 2040, further deindustrialization of the economy, an increase in technological gaps with the developed countries of the world and an aggravate in the competitive vulnerability of national exporters are expected. The optimistic scenario assumes successful decarbonization and digitalization of the technological structure of the industrial complex. Its implementation ensures the achievement of "carbon neutrality" of the economy in 2060 and the achievement of other target indicators and qualitative changes planned in the official state strategies for environmental policy and economic development for 2030. However, it requires a significant increase in innovative activity – at the level of results of low-carbon EU-27 leaders, which has taken on heightened commitments to achieve "carbon neutrality". The key condition for the implementation of the optimistic scenario is the participation of Ukraine in international projects to prevent climate change.

Cluster prospects of the use of unmanned aerial systems in supporting the living activity of critical industries

The article considered the prospects for the use of unmanned aerial systems in transport and logistics clusters for the delivery of cargo to critical locations, humanitarian assistance to community members, etc. Identified the main advantages and disadvantages of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in peacetime and wartime. The main idea of the article is the use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in ensuring the viability of critical industries in cooperation with the Association of Industrial Automation of Ukraine (APPAU), National Aviation University (NAU), joining the Ukrainian Cluster Alliance (UCA) as a regional transport. logistics cluster of unmanned aerial systems and complexes of NAU. Presented the classification of UAS by mass, altitude, flight duration, and range. Determined the composition of units of the unmanned aerial system. Given the characteristics of the designs of air drones (drones) of the manufacturers of world companies and the staff of the National Aviation University. The key priority of formation in the Ukrainian cluster alliance of the regional transport and logistics cluster of unmanned aerial systems and complexes based on the Scientific and Production Center for Unmanned Aviation "Virage ", departments: organization of air transportation, organization of aviation works, and services, logistics National Aviation University and other partner organizations. This will expand its opportunities to enter the European and world aviation markets.

Source Assessment of PM-2.5 in the Residential Areas of Gwangyang Bay using Source Apportionment Model(II)

The source contributions in PM-2.5 were investigated in two residential areas (i.e., Yeosu and Suncheon of Gwangyang Bay) using a source apportionment model. As a result, eight sources have been identified such as secondary sulfate (31%), mobile (16.8%), secondary nitrate (15.9%), soil and road emission (15.2%), biomass burning (11.5%), oil combustion (4.2%), coal combustion (3.7%), and industry activity (1.7%) in the Yeosu area. In the Suncheon area, secondary sulfate (27.3%), biomass burning (16.4%), and secondary nitrate (15.3%) were investigated as the major sources. Clustering of the trajectories revealed dominant wind patterns associated with high concentrations due to long range transport. In conclusion, this study shows that the source apportionment model yields results for identifying pollutant sources in two receptor locations.

Relationship between Individual Characteristics and Hearing Complaints in Home Industry Workers

Introduction: Home metal industry is an informal industry activity engaged in the manufacture of metal. The process of metal-making crates noise that causes hearing loss complaints in workers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between workers’ individual characteristics and hearing complaints in metal-making home industry workers in Ngingas North Village, Sidoarjo Regency. Methods: This research used an analytic observational method with a cross sectional design. The population was 28 workers, and the research samples were 23 workers in the metal cutting and welding areas, determined using a purposive sampling technique referring to the inclusion criteria. The independent variables used in this study was individual characteristics including age, years of work, and the utilization of ear protection. The dependent variable in this study was hearing complaint and the data analysis used contingency coefficient C method. Results: Most workers were aged 26-45 years at 65.2%, had years of service >15 years at 43.5%, did not use ear protection at 69.6%, and complained of hearing loss at 65.2%. The results of the contingency coefficient C test analysis obtained a p-value <0.05 between individual characteristics and hearing complaints. Conclusion: There was a relationship between individual characteristics including age, years of service, and use of ear protection and hearing complaints.Keywords: ear protection, age, hearing complaints, years of work

CORRELATION AND INTERACTION OF ECONOMIC CREATIVITY FACTORS AS A DETERMINANT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE EU COUNTRIES)

The creative economy is currently demonstrating quite intensive development indicators, and the share of the creative sector in GDP creation is constantly growing. The aim of this article is to reveal the interrelation and interdependence of socio-economic development factors and to clarify the place of the creative sector in ensuring sustainable economic growth. On the basis of 19 variables, the economies of the EU countries were analyzed by means of cluster analysis, which allowed the authors to single out 8 clusters in the constructed dendrogram, united by the nature and trends, as well as the role of the creative sector in these processes. In addition, the degree of correlation and interaction between the influencing factors themselves was described. Using RStudio, the authors built two multiple regression models, where the dependent variables were GDP and the global creativity index, and the factors were the indicators used to calculate the creativity index. Innovations and creativity are one of priorities of the program of socio-economic development of the European Union. There is a universal approach to understanding the importance of creative economy in the EU. However, the practical implementation of the strategy of development and activity of the creative industries by the EU countries is carried out in the following different directions – the foreign economic expansion of the creative industries themselves; the promotion of all national culture at the international level; export-oriented development of the creative sector of the economy; the lack of a separate comprehensive strategy of foreign economic activity for the creative industries, but the implementation of various programs and measures aimed at promoting exports of products of these industries as part of a national development strategy. Overall, the active functioning of the EU creative sector directly or indirectly affects the economy by improving its performance and creating jobs, stimulating innovation, and contributing to social and sustainable development. As a result, it was found that the global creativity index is largely dependent on the share of the creative class. It has also been proved that the creative and cultural industries determine the growth of a country's economy in terms of traditional economic and employment indicators. Investments in the creative economy will increase the qualitative and quantitative indicators of sustainable economic development.

A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Teaching Software Testing in Software Quality Assurance Subject during a Post-Graduate Computer Science Course

Software testing is regarded as a key activity in the software development cycle, as it helps information technology professionals to design good quality software. Thus, this is an essential activity for the software industry, although with all its nuances high priority is still not being given to learning about it at an academic level. The purpose of this work is to investigate a teaching strategy for software testing which involves acquiring academic skills within a curriculum based on active teaching methodologies. A teaching model was designed for this to coordinate the different areas of a subject, and then a controlled quasi-experiment was carried out in a post-graduate course to evaluate the application of this model. The results obtained demonstrate that there was a considerable learning gain in the experimental group that adopted the teaching approach when compared with the control group that relied on a traditional approach. The student t-test was employed to determine the learning efficiency.

Strengthening Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxation for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention: A Comparative Political Economy Analysis Case Study of Fiji and Tonga.

Diet-related fiscal policy is an effective NCD prevention strategy. However, current sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes in Fiji and Tonga have not had the desired effect; SSB consumption in Fiji, for example, contributes to mortality more than double the global rates and is highest in the WHO Western Pacific Region. We therefore aimed to better understand the perceived underlying political economy drivers that have and continue to affect change in each country. Our study design utilised a comparative case study that triangulated documentary policy and stakeholder analysis with semi-structured stakeholder interviews in both countries and an in-depth corporate political activity analysis in Fiji. We drew on theoretical frameworks relevant to political economy to collect and analyse policy and stakeholder data, and utilised established corporate political activity frameworks to analyse industry activity. Common findings to both Fiji and Tonga suggested that the SSB tax impact could be increased through multisectoral engagement, embracing a whole-of-society approach, strengthened institutional structures and leveraging off competing priorities across sectors towards more common goals. These findings provide opportunities and lessons for Fiji and Tonga as well as other similar settings seeking to strengthen or upscale the impact of diet-related fiscal policy.

OWNERSHIP AND ACCESS ON BEACH: A CASE STUDY ON AVANI SEPANG GOLD COAST, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

Private beach is a global practice in enhancing tourism industry activity but relatively new concept in Malaysia. While tourism is under responsibility of the federal government, utilization and use of land belong to state authority’s power and control pursuant to Federal Constitution 1957. This including land consist of beach pursuant to National Land Code 1965. However, Malaysia is yet to have specific statutory governance on beach or coastal. This paper focuses on State of Selangor government practice in land administration regarding practice of private ownership existence on beach. It will discuss on the government’s reason, present administration and management for the practice and uptake on public access to private owned beach. A qualitative methodology has been adopted by using case study strategy on AVANI Sepang Gold Coast (SGC), Bagan Lalang, Sepang, Selangor. Data has gathered through document analysis and semi-structured interviews on purposive key informants including local authority and state agency representatives. It was found that the practice of ‘private beach’ in Selangor exist through state land alienation and transfer process to ‘joint venture’ entity which include state agency for ‘eco-tourism’ redevelopment in Bagan Lalang’s coastal area which comprises of soil land, beach land and water. This practice was found in line with State of Selangor government guideline on ‘Pekeliling Pengarah Tanah Dan Galian Selangor Bilangan 14/2010: Panduan Pemberimilikan Tanah Dasar Laut Bagi Tujuan Pembangunan Di Atas Dasar Air Di Negeri Selangor.’ Further findings were explained in SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) analysis. To conclude, key informants agree this complex issue requires intense caution when considering the implications, models, and administrative processes associated for beach redevelopment and sustainable.

Petroleum Engineering Continues To Drop, But There Is Talk of Better Times Ahead

For the seventh year in a row, the number of undergraduates in petroleum engineering (PE) programs is down, but that could be changing. Over the next year, Lloyd Heinze, a PE professor at Texas Tech University who has long done the survey discussed here, sees this downward trend slowing and then stabilizing in the next couple of years. There is no sure way to predict which majors undergraduates will pick, but there are some long-standing patterns to consider. Based on past long slumps for US programs, the decline line is nearing a point where it stabilizes at a low level for years, and when the industry lives off the surge in PE graduates that occurred during the previous boom years. But there is another trend that could change things. There has always been a strong relationship between class sizes and the preceding increases in oil price. The recent surge in oil prices to more than $90/bbl could signal a rebound, as it did early this century when it helped end the slump that dated back to the 1980s. If those two trends apply, it could mean “there will be fewer bachelor’s degrees awarded this year, and after that we will be back to growing ever so slightly. And then 2 years from now we will be overwhelmed,” by new students, Heinze said. So far, the survey is not offering evidence of a change from the down trend. The best indicator of the size of future graduation classes is the level of undergraduate enrollment. During the slide down, the number of seniors has been far greater than the number of freshmen. This year’s class shows that gap has narrowed. To stabilize it, the number of freshmen will need to far exceed the size of the senior class because another pattern is at work. Heinze said the number of freshmen and sophomores who say they will major in petroleum engineering drops by 30% per class year as these students realize what is required, which includes proficiency in calculus. Hiring Drives Enrollment While it is hard to deny the power of higher oil prices to increase oil industry activity, Heinze and others in academia contacted for this story point out that the ultimate driver is the industry’s appetite for new engineers. Students and their parents are looking for signs that the hard and costly job of getting a PE degree is rewarded with a job and a salary that justifies the effort. So far, those in PE programs are seeing an improved job market with demand for the graduates they are supplying. When Texas A&M announced a spring job fair, there was a strong response from potential employers, said Tom Blasingame, a professor of petroleum engineering at Texas A&M and 2021 SPE president. He said the market is much improved for students seeking jobs, but it is not like the boom days when multiple offers were common. “I do not believe that oil prices are going to help us significantly in increasing the enrollment,” said Mohan Kelkar, chairman of the McDougall School of Petroleum Engineering at the University of Tulsa, who sees oil companies sticking to conservative spending programs.

Immunomodulatory activity of egg yolk protein hydrolysates prepared by novel two-step hydrolysis: A study of mechanism and stability after in vitro digestion model

The aim of this study was to determine the immunomodulatory activity of 2-step egg yolk protein hydrolysates. A two-step hydrolysate of egg yolk protein was prepared using 2 enzymes sequentially, pancreatin and neutrase (EYPH-PN). Our results illustrated that EYPH-PN increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in macrophages, resulting in increased nitric oxide (NO) production. EYPH-PN could also enhance the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 at both the mRNA and protein levels in macrophages. In addition, treatment with EYPH-PN increased the phagocytic activity of macrophages. According to the evaluation with specific inhibitors, both p38 and JNK cell signaling pathways were involved in the activation of macrophages induced by EYPH-PN. As the TLR-2 receptor of macrophages was blocked, the NO production induced by EYPH-PN was decreased. These results suggest that EYPH-PN activates RAW 264.7 macrophages via the TLR-2/p38/JNK pathway to increase the production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6, and increases phagocytic activity. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory activity of EYPH-PN was maintained even after applying the in vitro digestion model. Taken together, EYPH-PN could be used as a functional food ingredient with excellent immunomodulatory activity in the food industry. Therefore, this study suggests a new alternative method to effectively utilize egg yolk protein, a by-product of the poultry industry.

Activation of educational and cognitive activities of future specialists of physical culture and sports to professional competent activity in the fitness industry

The article considers the methods of activating the educational and cognitive activities of future specialists in physical culture and sports professionally competent activities in the fitness industry. It is noted that purposefully organized professional training of future specialists in physical culture and sports promotes the development of cognitive activity, independence, creative activity of productive thinking of applicants for higher education, in great demand in a developed industrial society. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the intensification of educational and cognitive activities of future specialists in physical culture and sports in professionally competent activities in the fitness industry. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature, retrospective of own experience. Results of the research. Educational and cognitive activities of students are various types of collective and individual work in the classroom and outside the classroom. Educational activities include: creating projects, conducting trainings, business games, educational discussions, round tables, creating fitness programs and other activities. tasks of activation of educational and cognitive activity at the expense of introduction of innovative educational technologies: formation of cognitive enthusiasm, motivation to training; formation of skills to work with information presented in different types (text, drawing, diagram, symbolic record, model, table, diagram); formation of skills of independent cognitive activity; formation of skills of independent individual and collective work: mutual control and self-checking, discussion of information, planning of cognitive activity and self-assessment. Conclusions. Intensification of educational and cognitive activities of future specialists in physical culture and sports to professional activities in the fitness industry will be more effective through the introduction of innovative educational technologies such as trainings, business games, educational discussions, round tables, Case-Study, Workshop, professional consultations , creation of fitness programs and other activities.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SPORTS INDUSTRY: DIRECTIONS, INNOVATIONS AND SUPPORT

Within the framework of this article, the authors analyze the following areas of entrepreneurial activity in sports industry: sports and health services, including fitness clubs, sports clubs, schools and academies; managing the competitions (leagues); corporate sports; media resources; bookmakers, e-sports. As part of the work, positive examples of entrepreneurship in sports industry were noted, as well as the role, interests and tasks of the state. The directions of innovative development within each of the identified blocks are considered separately. The authors also systematized support measures for development entrepreneurship (small and medium enterprises – SME) and identified its features for the sports industry. Following directions for further research are proposed: analysis of individual markets for entrepreneurship in the sports industry; development and testing of methods for assessing the effectiveness of support measures for SME in sports industry; development of professional training of entrepreneurs for the sports industry.