Industrial Housing Construction Research Articles

Мethods of increasing the input capacity of industrial housing construction enterprises

Входная мощность предприятия индустриального домостроения (ДСК) отражает максимальный объем готовой строительной продукции, который предприятие способно произвести за определенный период времени. Повышать входную мощность ДСК целесообразно путем интенсификации работы его ПС. Интенсификация производства ДСК — планомерное внедрение в его практику достижений научно-технического прогресса, обуславливающее лучшее использование производственных ресурсов и рост эффективности производства. Она становится возможна при глубоком понимании работы его производственной системы (ПС) и учете ее особенностей: во-первых, из-за сложности формулирования и решения в аналитическом виде задачи принятия оптимального решения в рамках управления производством целесообразно прибегать к вариантному подходу. Данный подход предполагает использование различных стратегий и тактик управления в зависимости от конкретной ситуации, условий деятельности и целей предприятия; во-вторых, технологии производства и его материально-техническая база постоянно обновляются вслед за поступательным развитием научно-технического прогресса. Вследствие этого наблюдается появление все более совершенных форм организации и управления процессами производства, а также изменяются методы планирования бизнес-процессов предприятия; в-третьих, производственную систему ДСК необходимо анализировать системно. Системный подход к анализу производства — это методология, которая позволяет анализировать производственные процессы как единую взаимосвязанную систему, а не как набор отдельных элементов или операций. В рамках системного подхода каждый элемент производственного процесса рассматривается не сам по себе, а в контексте того, как он влияет на другие элементы и на систему в целом. Рост входной мощности при интенсификации производства ДСК различными методами, в том числе за счет повышения производительности труда, адаптирования средств труда и правильной наладки производственных потоков, в которых достигаются специализация, пропорциональность, параллельность, прямоточность, непрерывность ритмичность и автоматизация. Это в свою очередь повышает входную мощность предприятия.

Passive strategies towards energy efficient social housing: A parametric case study and decision-making framework in the Mexican tropical climate

In Mexico, ancestral construction technology implemented techniques and methods that nowadays could be considered notions of bioclimatic design. However, this is no longer the norm, and the industrialized housing construction system focuses on cost reduction; this mainly impacts the social housing market, in which thermal comfort is a necessity remedied by increasing electrical energy consumption due to higher cooling loads. This work analyzes the parametric implementation of different passive systems to improve operational thermal comfort in affordable housing in southeastern Mexico's warm tropical climate. Each case study is based on the region's commonly used one- and two-story housing typologies. These scenarios are modeled in EnergyPlus + jEPlus to evaluate the annual thermal performance of building envelopes in hot weather in a representative city of the tropical region: Mérida. Via parametric modelling, a database with performance indicators, such as thermal comfort, operating temperature, construction costs, and cooling energy savings, was generated. Subsequently, implementing a Multi-Objective Optimization algorithm allowed data processing to filter and obtain optimal scenarios helpful in decision-making, minimizing cost factors, and maximizing thermal comfort. The optimization process results suggest that it is possible to get annual energy savings of around 20 % in cooling loads and reduce the yearly time of thermal discomfort by up to 50 %, with an increase in construction costs of a maximum of 36 % over the base home value. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of the methodology presented in this research to obtain constructive solutions to improve thermal comfort with an optimal cost-benefit ratio.

Моделирование изменения прочностных параметров монолитной связи слоёв в трехслойных железобетонных конструкциях при эксплуатационных воздействиях

In industrial housing construction, the improvement of enclosing structures is aimed at improving their operational characteristics in order to create a durable shell of buildings that requires the least cost of repairs and creates comfortable conditions for people to live. To ensure high thermal protection characteristics of buildings, three-layer structures made of materials with various physical and mechanical characteristics of layers and ways of connecting them to each other, ensuring their joint work, have been widely used. One of such methods is the creation of a monolithic-bonded cement matrix, which during operation changes its strength and deformation characteristics and affects the stress-strain state of a multilayer reinforced concrete structure as a whole. Temperature fluctuations were carried out under simulated conditions of exposure from different sides of the tested structure when testing models of multilayer enclosing structures of monolithic cross-section, the strength parameters of the concrete of the middle layer and the contact zone of the layers were compared, as a result of which a decrease in the strength of the layers after exposure was established, not exceeding regulatory requirements.

Circular information flows in industrialized housing construction: the case of a multi-family housing product platform in Sweden

Purpose This paper aims to conduct a qualitative assessment of synergies between information flows of a multifamily product platform used for industrialized housing and materials passports that can promote a circular economy in the construction industry. Design/methodology/approach Using a single case study method, the research assesses the availability and accessibility of materials passport-relevant information generated by a leading Swedish industrialized housing construction firm. Data is collected using semistructured interviews, document analysis and an extended research visit. Findings The research findings identify the functional layers of the product platform, map the information flow using a process diagram, assess the availability and accessibility of material passport relevant information by lifecycle stage and actor, and summarize the key points using a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis. Research limitations/implications The three main implications are: the technical and process platforms used in industrialized construction allow for generating standardized, digital and reusable information; the vertical integration of trades and long-term relationships with suppliers improve transparency and reduce fragmentation in information flows; and the design-build-operate business model strategy incentivizes actors to manage information flows in the use phase. Practical implications Industrialized construction firms can use this paper as an approach to understand and map their information flows to identify suitable approaches to generate and manage materials passports. Originality/value The specific characteristics of product platforms and industrialized construction provide a unique opportunity for circular information flow across the building lifecycle, which can support material passport adoption to a degree not often found in the traditional construction industry.

The effectiveness of industrial housing construction enterprises

An industrial housing construction enterprise (IHCE), as a prominent representative of the construction industry enterprises that follow global trends in the field of scientific and technological progress, is a complex organizational and production structure requiring its performance to be evaluated. In general, there are six main effectiveness indicators of industrial housing construction enterprises: innovation, efficiency, productivity, profitability, quality, and environmental compatibility. The enterprise’s profitability reflects the efficiency of its commercial activities and depends on the productivity and profitability indicators. The IHCE’s productivity reflects the volume of construction products that the enterprise is able to produce on time, and is characterized by such an indicator of its production system as output capacity. The efficiency of an industrial housing construction enterprise lies in the ratio of the resources actually consumed by it during the production process to their standard consumption rates. Quality reflects the conformity of the end product with its functioning criteria defined during the design. Innovation involves changing enterprise systems based on the application of best practices. Environmental compatibility characterizes the degree of negative effect on the environment from the production activities of IHCE. The control of these six indicators coupled with strategic planning represent the IHCE productivity.

МУЛЬТИКОМФОРТНАЯ СРЕДА В АРХИТЕКТУРЕ БЫСТРОВОЗВОДИМЫХ ЗДАНИЙ

The problems of prefabrication, cost-effectiveness, strength and energy efficiency of buildings of residential and civil architecture are becoming especially relevant at the present time, due to the need to quickly restore the destroyed cities and villages in the newly annexed territories. For the purpose of an experimental proposal for a residential building project based on the concept of multi-comfort, an analysis of the development of industrial construction methods was carried out. A review of the evolutionary development of industrial housing construction made it possible to identify its advantages (speed of construction, low cost, simplicity of design solutions, etc.), disadvantages (low quality and comfort level, standard stamps, etc.) and ways to eliminate them (increased comfort, energy efficiency, development new constructive solutions, artistic expressiveness, planning variability, etc.). The authors propose the development of a project for a prefabricated residential building based on innovative frame-type panels manufactured in the factory. These structures are quickly mounted on the construction site, they are characterized by increased rigidity, survivability and material consumption. This constructive system provides an opportunity to create flexible architectural and planning solutions with a variety of plastic shapes of the building. Energy efficiency and multi-comfort environment of a residential building is achieved by the orientation of the building on the designed site, the use of insulating materials and glazing (reduction of heat loss and noise protection). The shape of the building also ensures the thermal comfort of the yard space. Wind currents are broken by protruding and sinking architectural elements, creating complex and meaningful compositional connections. The use of new industrial structures allows, using the principles of energy-efficient design, to increase the level of comfort and efficiency of a residential building, solve the problems of viability and quick erection of buildings, and create an expressive architectural and artistic appearance of the residential environment.

EFFICIENCY OF TERRITORY USE IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF A 5-STOREY BUILDING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT CURRENT REGULATORY AND LEGAL TOWN PLANNING REQUIREMENTS

EFFICIENCY OF TERRITORY USE IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF A 5-STOREY BUILDING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT CURRENT REGULATORY AND LEGAL TOWN PLANNING REQUIREMENTS

Using a decision-making tool to select the optimal industrial housing construction system in Tehran

ABSTRACT Industrial dwelling construction (IDC) combines offsite and onsite construction methods. The current work proposes a multiple-criteria decision-making assistant system (DMAS) approach for evaluating home buildings, selecting decision agents, and determining acceptable IDC types and characteristics for large-scale housing enhancement. Using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), a multicriteria DMAS was planned. Literature reviews and expert interviews were used to assess thirty decision agents. To validate the procedure, five IDCs were analyzed as case studies. Thirty professionals analyzed decision agents' and housing systems' priority vectors using questionnaires. Three decision agents were identified: (1) user needs, (2) the building industry, and (3) the supply chain. Consequently, Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Slab, Beam, and Column Blocks (PRCSBCB) and Light Steel Frame Wall Panels (LSFWP) can be used to construct suitable dwellings. These construction options are low-cost, lightweight, and easy to install. They also use inexperienced local workers. Results showed the method's potential and usefulness with so many choices and decision agents. This research examines knowledge and skill gaps in Iran's IDC and encounters a shortage of IDC specialists and mass-construction variants. The study identifies key decision-agents and housing options for quick, appropriate, and cost-efficient mass housing and helps professionals, entrepreneurs, and decision-makers make better decisions.

EXISTING PROBLEMS OF COURTYARD AREAS IN KAZAKHSTAN ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF KARAGANDA

The article examines the courtyard areas of residential buildings during the period of industrial housing construction in the 70s-80s of XX century on the example of the city of Karaganda, Kazakhstan. The analysis of the current state of organization, functional zoning, and improvement of courtyard spaces is carried out. Arising the question of the problems in the organization of residential adjoining territories that arose in the past century and their accordance with economic growth and modernization of the country. The article considers what problems with the implementation of the project during the reorganization of the courtyard territory can appear.

OUTDATED HOUSING STOCK AS AN OBJECT OF COMPLEX RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF KYIV)

There are almost 18% of housing stock in Kyiv, that have exhausted their operational resource and do not meet the current requirements for comfortable and energy efficient residential buildings. A significant part of such a stock is represented by the residential buildings of the mass series of the first period of industrial construction, the life span of which cannot exceed 50-70 years. European countries have accumulated quite a wide experience in solving this problem, but in Ukraine, it has not been properly implemented. 
 The paper presents the results of a study of the existing buildings of Kyiv as a potential object of programs and projects for complex reconstruction of outdated housing stock, which has exhausted its operational resource and does not meet modern requirements for comfort and energy efficiency. 
 Based on the Address list of residential buildings for complex reconstruction of blocks, formed by state administrations of each Kyiv district, materials of the Program for economic and social development of Kyiv for 2021-2023 and statistical data on the city of Kyiv, an analysis of the volume of housing stock, which can be classified as outdated, was made. Based on the analysis, the authors proposed a typology of outdated housing stock, namely: historical type buildings (cultural heritage monuments, background historical buildings), barrack type buildings, “stalinka” type buildings (ordinary, “nomenclatura”-intended), houses of the first period of industrial housing construction – “khrushchevka” type buildings (panel and brick). Both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of each type of buildings, as well as the total amount of outdated housing stock in the city of Kyiv are given. Differentiation of buildings will allow more efficient use of various methods of outdated housing stock reconstruction, from complete demolition to compaction, modernization, reconstruction and restoration. The analysis of spatial localization of outdated residential buildings in the context of administrative districts of Kyiv was carried out with the distribution of their volume by type.

ARCHITECTURAL ACTIVITY OF DMITRY YABLONSKY. ON THE OCCASION OF THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH

The article is devoted to the creativity and activities of the architect Dmitry Yablonsky (1921-2001), doctor of architecture, professor, member of the Union of Architects of Ukraine, full member of the Academy of Architecture of Ukraine. He was a well-known scientist, founder of new directions in architectural theoretical research, author of the famous book "Portals in Ukrainian architecture" in 1955, pioneer of mass industrial housing construction, researcher, organizer of scientific work at the leading institute of Ukraine for experimental design, specialist in quantitative methods of assessment. modeling and forecasting of housing objects, a public figure and, the first in independent Ukraine, who among architects began to design and build temples after 1985. The article gives an idea of the main directions of his architectural activity, namely: the study of the monuments of the Ukrainian Baroque of the Left-Bank Ukraine of the 17th – 18th centuries; participation in the design of the first experimental panel residential buildings and mass residential series for Ukraine; the development of the foundations of the typology of dwellings; application of system, mathematical methods and programming in the design of residential buildings; creation of an innovative dissertation work "Quantitative methods for solving problems of the typology of housing", 1968, participation in the development of state programs to provide the population of Ukraine with housing (1990-2000). And also, Yablonsky was the first who began to design and build new sacred buildings in the post-Soviet period in Ukraine (1986-2000). According to his project, was built the Orthodox Cathedral of St. George in the city of Makeyevka (1991-2001). The article is illustrated with materials and photos from the family archive of D.N. Yablonsky.

Formation of a highly efficient wooden housing construction sector in Russia

The Russian government sets global strategic goals for increasing the volume of housing construction-mass multi-storey, multi-apartment and residential housing, creating a comfortable urban environment, comprehensive development of rural areas, construction of social infrastructure facilities in small towns and villages of the country, designated in the national projects “Health”, “Culture” and “Education”. The state assigns a key role in their implementation to modern wooden construction. Recently, many interesting projects have appeared in the field of wooden housing construction. There is a noticeable interest of the state in the development of this area, which is primarily due to the focus on the efficient use of the country’s forest resources, as well as the fact that wooden housing construction, due to the high degree of factory readiness of building elements and structures, creates products with high added value and the most transparent from the point of view of taxation, when compared with other areas in construction. Despite this, the potential of wooden construction is not fully disclosed, which does not allow to ensure their environmental friendliness, comfort and energy efficiency. The purpose of the article is to achieve high rates of individual housing construction through a combination of measures aimed at increasing its liquidity. The article analyzes the market of wooden housing construction in Russia, which allowed us to determine the promising construction technologies of the housing construction sector under consideration. The main properties of wood, its advantages and disadvantages are considered. It is determined that the development of industrial housing construction of individual residential buildings will allow not only to implement the tasks of national projects in Russia, but also increase the flow of investment in the construction of individual residential buildings using the industrial method, which will support enterprises that produce factory-made house sets. Based on this, the article contains recommendations for improving the quality of wooden construction products at all stages of the construction life cycle, the implementation of which will generate demand for wooden housing construction, ensuring the rational use of wood and high quality for consumers of products.

Industrial Housing Construction on the Basis of Light Concrete

Industrial Housing Construction on the Basis of Light Concrete

The Shortage of Industrial Capacities of Industrial Housing Construction is a Real Threat to the Implementation of the State Program“Providing Housing for Russian Citizens“

The Shortage of Industrial Capacities of Industrial Housing Construction is a Real Threat to the Implementation of the State Program“Providing Housing for Russian Citizens“

Innovative Construction Technology with High Factory Readiness from the Chuvash Republic

The technology that fully meets the modern requirements of the market in the Russian Federation is presented – stand technology of precast-monolithic frame and large-panel housing construction with the use of floor slabs with pre-stressing up to 8 m, both solid and caisson versions on universal stands. This technology, which combines the best solutions of prefabricated, monolithic, panel, brick and other construction technologies, competes with the latest Western developments. The advantages of the proposed technology are as follows: high factory readiness and quality, versatility and architectural expressiveness of building structures (97% of the frame), precast building; energy savings – consumption is three times less compared to existing technologies for the production of reinforced concrete products; material savings (1.5 times less than for monolithic and panel housing construction); high speed of construction (up to 5 ths. m2 of prefabricated monolithic frame per month for one tower crane; lower weight of bearing structures compared to other structures (0.146 m3 of precast concrete per 1 m2 of the total area of the building) and, as a result, lower costs for foundations and the use of mechanisms with a lower load capacity on construction sites; reliable erection without welding; usable area – more than 80% of the total area; free planning solutions; quick adjustment of equipment for the production of products necessary for the market at a given time. The bench technology of precast-monolithic frame and large-panel housing construction with the use of floor slabs with pre-stressing up to 8 m is an example of the implementation of inter-industry cooperation in the construction materials and mechanical engineering industry based on Russian scientific developments and adapted modern foreign technologies. Keywords: innovations, construction technology with high factory readiness, modernization of large-panel housing construction and construction industry plants, industrial housing construction, prefabricated monolithic frame, energy efficiency, construction speed.

Research and production of prototypes of lightweight concrete panel walls with a screen

Introduction. In industrial housing construction in a dry hot climate, the issues of protecting the premises from overheating have not yet been resolved. The purpose of this study is the theoretical and experimental substantiation of the method of calculating the construction of lightweight concrete panel exterior walls with a screen for large-panel residential buildings in hot climates, with improved performance and providing technical and economic efficiency. Materials and methods. Methods have been developed for ensuring the normative amplitude of temperature fluctuations of the inner surface in the wall due to the targeted formation of material properties and design measures, lightweight concrete wall panels with a screen and suggestions for their production technology have been developed, and recommendations have been made for their operation conditions. The methods of a rational constructive solution to the sun wall consisting of a sunscreen and a supporting structure separated by an air gap have been investigated. Results. It was supposed to carry out theoretical and experimental studies of the operational properties of lightweight concrete panels of external walls with a screen in laboratory and in-situ conditions. The work was performed in stages: At the first stage, the design and production technology of panels with a screen on prototype fragments under laboratory conditions was performed. For this, experimental fragments of 1 × 2 m panels will be made in the laboratory. The parameters of the air gap were determined from the condition of ensuring sufficient natural ventilation. At the second stage, a study was made of the rational structure of lightweight concrete for exterior walls in hot climates. To find the optimal structure of lightweight concrete from a thermal point of view, a 3-factor experiment was conducted. At the third stage, a theoretical study of the temperature regime of shielded and single-layer large-panel exterior walls was performed. At the fourth stage there was a generalization of the above studies, the manufacture and installation of experimental-industrial designs of panels with a screen in the amount of 10 pieces. At the Bukhara house-building combine. Conclusions. The described study by the method of experimental design and the experimental production of sample fragments confirmed the possibility of producing panels with a screen and an air gap in a single technological cycle. Analysis of the results of theoretical calculations shows that walls with vertical screens and a ventilated air gap are quite effective means of reducing the exposure of solar radiation to buildings and reducing the cost of cooling premises.

Organizational and Economic Mechanism of Investment Management in the Renovation of Residential Buildings in Moscow

Moscow as one of the megacities of the world is subjected to socio-economic trasnformation, the introduction of innovative technologies, changing the urban environment. The main purpose of these changes is to create a comfortable living environment for citizens. A number of investment projects are currently being implemented in the capital. One of them is an investment and construction project of renovation of residential buildings of the first period of industrial housing construction in Moscow. Investment and construction program of renovation in Moscow started in 2017 and is designed to 2032. The renovation program is the second stage of the complex reconstruction of the panel five-story buildings in Moscow. Successful implementation of the state program largely depends on the well-established organizational and economic mechanism of investment management in the renovation of residential buildings in Moscow. The effectiveness of such a mechanism will require a number of complex tasks. The article examines the organizational and economic mechanism of investment management in the investment and construction project for the renovation of residential buildings in the metropolis. The analysis of the purpose, subject, object, stages and tasks of the investment and construction project containing innovative components. Based on the results, recommendations are made for making a decision on the further implementation of the state program of innovative nature. That will optimize the expenditure of budgetary and extra-budgetary funds, reduce the time of construction, improve the quality of construction of residential and social infrastructure, improve the consumer quality of residential areas, houses, apartments and non-residential premises.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN UZBEKISTAN

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN UZBEKISTAN

Industrial Housing Construction in the Republic of Belarus at a New Qualitative Level

Industrial Housing Construction in the Republic of Belarus at a New Qualitative Level

Acceleration of regional housing development in Russia on the basis of industrial housing construction modernization

The article is dedicated to the actual problem of regional housing development. The authors propose to use the existing Russian production facilities of large panel construction, which must be modernized on the basis of modern technologies, as a promising reserve for increasing the volume of housing construction. Currently, EU countries pay considerable attention to cluster strategies as an effective tool for the innovative development of regions and enterprises. Recently, there has been a significant amount of interest to this problem in Russia. It identified distinctive parameters of the formation and implementation of regional cluster construction policies, industrial housing on an innovative basis in comparison with traditional industrial and construction policies. The need for an integrated approach to innovative solutions in the field of technology and construction management has been proved. The need for improving the spatial organization of construction by creating industrial housing construction clusters on the territory of large industrial regions has been justified, which, according to the authors point of view, will help to find a fast solution of the housing problem in St. Petersburg and in Russia as a whole.