Russian Industry Research Articles

Dynamics of the resource base of the russian industry as a basis for stable development under the conditions of the sanctions war

Dynamics of the resource base of the russian industry as a basis for stable development under the conditions of the sanctions war

Current state of the ferroalloy industry in Russia and prospects for its development in the Asian part of the country

Ferrous metallurgy, as a supplier of metal products and a major consumer of energy and engineering products, is an industry that can act as one of the source for Asian Russia complex development impulse. The different ferroalloys and ligatures have used in the process of steelmaking to ensure the required range of steel products. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an audit of the current state of the Russian ferroalloy industry and its Asian part in order to identify possible growth points of the industry to ensure the development of ferrous metallurgy and sustainable socio-economic growth of the Asian Russian space. In the article it is shown that Asian part is one of the ferroalloy industry centers in Russia, which, as in the industry as a whole, has a high dependence on imported supplies of ore which neces-sary for ferroalloys production. Its own raw materials provided only for production of silicon alloys. In the issue of oth-er alloys and ligatures production, the existing conservative approach in the organization of the ferroalloy industry does not allow the use of poor domestic ore in production. The growth in demand for silicon alloys can be achieved by reori-enting export flows to domestic consumption but the most important alloys for the development of Asian Russia based on manganese, chromium, vanadium and niobium may have difficulties in providing ferrous metallurgy with them. The solutions of such problems are implementation of new technologies for raw materials processing, development of non-standard types of alloys, introduction of technogenic waste processing. This will contribute to the realization of Russia’s desire for import substitution, including the provision of metallurgy with its own raw materials.

Russian-Hungarian cooperation in the pharmaceutical sector and the impact of anti-russian sanctions

The analysis of the possibilities and directions of Russian-Hungarian bilateral cooperation in the field of pharmaceuticals carried out by the authors allowed us to assert that in the conditions of anti-Russian Western sanctions, the situation in the domestic pharmaceutical industry in terms of demand and supply of medicines has significantly worsened. The pharmaceutical industry remains important both from the point of view of ensuring public health and national security in this area, and high innovation. The authors conclude that it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation in this area, especially with states that traditionally have high achievements in it and a long history of interaction with Russian structures. One of these countries is Hungary. The article emphasizes that both countries are interested in cooperation in this area, relying on the ties traditionally formed during the socialist period and a certain complementarity. It is also noted that under the conditions of sanctions, the Russian pharmaceutical industry maintains both positive dynamics and maintains a high level of competitiveness of manufacturers in the domestic market.

Updating parameters of an information model for road construction flow in work development project

Introduction. The article reflects the main trends and problems in the development of information modelling technology in the Russian road industry. A set of mutually integrated domestic software products is presented that provide the formation and support of information models of roads in the life cycle process. It has been established that the transition from traditional simulation modelling of building flows to information modelling of flow systems requires a detailed analysis of the lower elements of the flow structure. Such elements in the system of an integrated road construction flow include linear specialized detachments.Models and methods. A single information model of an object as part of the construction organization project (COP) forms the overall strategy for managing the construction of the road. At the stage of the project for the production of works (PPW), it is necessary to take into account the technical and technological features of the contractor in the calendar plan. At the PPW level, it is necessary to create a new structure and define the parameters of this structure in such a way as to satisfy the specified restrictions established by the COP in terms of time and costs, and also provide for certain reserves for insuring possible risks. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for information modelling of a specialized road flow as part of the PPW, taking into account the optimization and updating of its parameters in relation to the conditions of the contracting organization.Results. A modelling algorithm has been developed for creating an updated structure of a specialized linear flow in an integrated computer environment, which provides visualization of a construction site, control and operational management of work in a shared data environment. An example of the implementation of this method is considered when designing a specialized flow, first as part of a COP, with the subsequent updating of this model in the MS Project program when developing a PPW based on a typical flow chart.Conclusion. The use of information modelling creates wide opportunities for analyzing and monitoring the progress of work at the construction site of a linear flow, and also allows you to perform prompt automated restructuring of the loading of detachment vehicles when adjusting the amount of work at the work sites.

Analysis of the current situation on the Russian shipbuilding market in the context of sustainable development of the transport system

Shipbuilding is one of the most complex and labor-intensive branches of heavy industry in Russia. The shipbuilding market is characterized by features that relate to analysis, assessment of the current state, and forecasting. The work focuses on civil courts. First, the life cycle of shipbuilding products is longer than in other industries. From the moment of the development of the technical assignment to the beginning of the operation of the vessel, it takes from 3 to 10 years. At the same time, the transition from one stage to another - for example, from design to construction, can take years. As a result, it becomes almost impossible to analyze the entire life cycle of each vessel project. Secondly, the efficiency of the shipbuilding market is assessed not only by the number of ships delivered, but also by their cargo capacity - tonnage. Therefore, sea-going ships are characterized by large coefficients of completeness. However, for use on inland waterways, priority is given to the multifunctionality of the project. Thirdly, the shipbuilding industry is extremely poorly automated, which leads to the impossibility of using modern methods of assessing the shipbuilding market (there is not enough necessary information). Importantly, the shipbuilding industry in Russia limits its development by secrecy of large amounts of data.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ РАЗМЕЩЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ В РОССИИ

The article presents an analysis of location factors for high-tech industries in Russia based on the study of its actual spatial structure. The aim of the work is to find the most relevant location factors for the Russian high-tech complex. Among the tasks of the article: literature review and the formation of a list of location factors relevant for high-tech; mapping of high-tech industries in Russia based on microdata; identification of spatial patterns of placement of high-tech industries. The research is based on the methods of bibliographic, regional, statistical and spatial analysis, the study uses the case-study method. The list of location factors analyzed in modern works on the topic of location selection is considered and their relevance to high-tech industries is determined. Work also describes a number of changes in location choices of enterprises in modern Russia in relation to the Soviet ones – among other things, this is a decrease in the importance of the strategic factor and an increase in the influence of socioeconomic conditions, a change in the spatial organization of industry. On the basis of microdata reportings of high-tech industries, a map of their location at the local level was prepared and a description of the key areas of their location was carried out. For each area, an analysis of typical cases of the specifics of business location at the level of individual municipalities has been prepared. Based on the analysis, conclusions have been drawn about the dominant factors determining the placement of production facilities. The most significant factor of placement is the influence of agglomerations and related socio-environmental factors, scientific, technological and transport infrastructure, socio-economic development of territories. There is a strong influence of the “relic” production sites inherited from the USSR – they become the basis for new productions, form a chain of suppliers around themselves, creating informal clusters. Preferential zones – SEZs, technological and industrial parks, have become important points of growth for new high-tech business. Outside of the main areas of high-tech placement, the main location factor is the demand from local industries, especially from the oil and gas and mining sectors.

Development of Chemical Industry in Russia (USSR) in the Context of Its Economic and Social Policies (1900–1927)

The article analyzes the development of chemical industry in Russia (USSR) in the context of the country’s overall industrial policies from the early 20th century to the prewar five-year plans. Four periods are identified, differing in the driving forces of the industry development, growth rates and product range. Before the outbreak of the First World War, the development of the chemical industry was strongly influenced by the advanced level of the Russian scientific schools. The output of the most important products, however, increased slightly and a number of production facilities were completely absent. Since the First World War, the defense was the most important factor that determined the rates and directions of the industry’s development. The Chemical Committee established under the Main Artillery Directorate was chaired by V. N. Ipatiev. The Committee’s activities concerned with the production of benzene, toluene and other strategically important products are reviewed in detail. In the light of the national policy of industry demobilization that began to be developed in October 1916, we analyze the work of the Central Organ for the Chemical Industry, created to develop a sectoral program for the reconversion to peaceful production. The importance of materials prepared by the Central Organ for the organization of work of the VSNKh’s chemical department and for the preparation of the GOELRO plan is emphasized. The main difficulties in the chemical industry’s recovery in 1921/22 – 1927 are also reviewed. The article is based on the documents and publications in the periodicals from the period under study.

The state of affairs in the machine-tool industry in Russia

The article is devoted to current issues in the development of the machine tool industry in Russia. The results of a study of the critical needs of mechanical engineering conducted by MSUT STANKIN are presented. Current challenges associated with attempts to restrain the technological development of Russia are identified. Mechanisms for solving industry problems that ensure the ability of machine-building enterprises to produce high-tech products in the absence of access to foreign technologies and equipment are considered. The author proposes a concept for centralizing the functions of planning and coordinating industry development, including machine tool building and the production of critical components, on the basis of a single center. The article was prepared on the basis of a report heard at a meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences on April 26, 2022.

Positive and Negative Consequences of the Digital Transformation of the Pharmaceutical Industry

The article is devoted to identifying the positive and negative consequences of the digital transformation of pharmaceutical companies in modern economic conditions. The purpose of the article is to identify the positive and negative consequences of the digital transformation of pharmaceutical companies in order to find ways to overcome the negative consequences. The authors analyzed the main trends in the development of the modern pharmaceutical industry in Russia, identified and systematized the positive and negative consequences of the influence of digitalization processes on it. The research methods include content analysis, statistical data analysis, description, generalization. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that one of the most important positive consequences of the digital transformation of pharmaceutical companies is to increase labor productivity, accelerate operations for the development of medicines and their promotion in the pharmaceutical market, as well as optimize and reduce the costs of pharmaceutical companies for the promotion of medicines in modern conditions. Among the negative consequences of the digital transformation of pharmaceutical companies in modern economic conditions, cybercrime and unemployment as a result of the automation of business processes of pharmaceutical companies, as well as the need to retrain employees as a result of the disappearance of some professions, were highlighted. In order to overcome the identified negative consequences of digital transformation on the pharmaceutical industry in Russia, it is necessary to address issues of strengthening cybersecurity, as well as the issue of retraining of employees and the redistribution of the labor market.

Factories of the future in the automotive industry of Russia: the balance between energy efficiency and digital development

The paper studies the prospects for the introduction of advanced production technologies (APT) and new business models at the enterprises of the automotive industry of the Russian Federation in order to find the balance between the investments into the more efficient energy management of the industrial buildings and the financing of digitalization process in the model of “factories of the future”. It includes the study of the opportunities that appear in companies that are “factories of the future”, the analysis of the existing experience in the implementation of APT and energy efficiency tools at the enterprises of the automotive industry in Russia and Europe and the identification of the factors limiting widespread “factories of the future” at the moment. The authors present an economic view on the problem of integrating both advanced production technologies and new energy management models into the activities of the Russian automotive industry enterprises.

КАДРОВОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ИТ-ОТРАСЛИ: СОСТОЯНИЕ, ВЫЗОВЫ, ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

The paper considers the state and the main problem field of the human resources potential of the IT industry in Russia, including in the context of new geopolitical challenges. Statistical data on various areas of staffing in the IT field are presented and analyzed in the light of strategic and program documents of its development. The necessity in the conditions of universal digitalization as a key global process of technological development is shown to intensify the training of IT personnel to ensure the technological sovereignty of our country. Various approaches to building IT competencies are analyzed, both for direct employees of the industry and for a wide range of students. Proposals are given for the development of various forms of education in this area and support for young professionals.

Перспективы развития туризма на Дальнем Востоке России

The prospects for the tourism development in the Russian Far East should be considered in the context of numerous factors contributing to and hindering this direction. The object of the study is the tourism industry in Russia. The subject is the factors influencing the tourism development in the Russian Far East at the present stage. The purpose of the study is to analyze the numerous conditions for the tourism development in the Far East. The research methodology provides for a systematic approach to consider the tourism industry as an integral system, including numerous factors that have a direct and indirect impact on it. Research methods are as follows: general scientific methods are used – analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, etc., which allows us to identify the factual side of the problem – the prospects for the development of tourism in the Far East, as well as to trace its development in dynamics, and make a forecast for the future. The method of comparative analysis has made it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the resource component of the modern tourism industry in the region. The complex use of these and other methods allows us to recreate an objective and dynamic picture of the subject of research. Tourism is currently one of the most popular and profitable destinations in the global economy: both developed and developing countries are striving to occupy their niche in the tourism industry. Russia’s turn to the East forced us to pay special attention to it due to a number of favorable factors for its development: large recreational potential, high density and population of Asian neighbors, interest of domestic and foreign investors in the tourism business, etc. There are also problems faced by the tourism industry in the Far East: difficult weather conditions, insufficient funding, poorly developed infrastructure, flight distances, etc. It is concluded that the long-forgotten Russian Far East has all the necessary prerequisites for the development of domestic and foreign tourism on its territory.

The industry of agricultural engineering in the period of modernization of the economy

The purpose of the study is to analyze the agricultural machinery industry in Russia and its main flagship, Rostselmash Combine Plant LLC, during the modernization of the economy. The article reveals the main problems leading to the reduction of the industry, among which are unequal conditions of competition in the domestic market between domestic and foreign producers, and insufficient elaboration of subsidy issues. The main reasons for the low effective demand for agricultural machinery in the domestic Russian market are considered. The description of the economic scheme of commercial leasing of agricultural machinery operating in the territory of the Russian Federation is given. Some shortcomings of this scheme are revealed. The article raises the issues of monetary deficit in the industry, which leads to insufficient financing of investments in expanded reproduction of enterprises. A mechanism for reimbursement of the interest rate on credit resources is proposed. The article also reflects the method of decomposition of business goals by processes with the allocation of a responsible person and a goal for each business process. This decomposition involves the allocation of the following functional areas of management: personnel, finance, infrastructure and production environment, marketing, product design and development, technological preparation of production, procurement, production, measurement and monitoring of products, sales and service.

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ БИЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕССОВ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ КАК НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The article discusses the results of the analysis covering the current state of the external business environment of metallurgical enterprises and the level of digitalization of significant metallurgical leaders in Russia. Based on them, the authors examined the possibilities and risks that are associated with the digitalization of the metallurgical industry, as well as their effects on the competitive ability of such industry in Russia in general. The general analysis of the metallurgical industry portrays the economic and political instability caused by supply chain disruption, anti-Russian sanctions, the downturn driven by the coronavirus pandemic and general geopolitical tension that has been dictating the performance of metallurgical enterprises for a long period and thus affects their sustainable development. The authors analyzed findings of the SWOT analysis of metallurgical enterprises, using Severstal PJSC as an example, and developed strategic reactions that serve as the foundation for the development of the digitalization strategy of the metallurgical industry. In addition, the evaluation of the connection between the level of digitalization of metallurgical enterprises’ performance and their profitability demonstrates that there is a direct connection. The level of digitalization of business processes of a metallurgical enterprise has a direct impact on its competitive ability, implying the necessity to establish a set of strategic reactions that make it possible to develop a strategy for digitalization of metallurgical enterprises’ business processes. This strategy helps increase their performance and minimize risks, resulting in an increase in the efficiency and competitive ability of the Russian metallurgical industry on the global market. The evaluation of the efficiency of the digitalization strategy proposed reveals that its successful implementation contributes to a significant increase in the metallurgical enterprises’ profitability.

Организация практической подготовки студентов для индустрии туризма и гостеприимства

Introduction. The study discusses the current issues of practical training in the tourism and hospitality industry in Russia, identifies the main problems of training specialists of Russian specialized universities. The main focus is on building partnerships between universities and employer organizations in order to train highly qualified specialists. The objective of the study is to describe the process of organizing the interaction of the university with the employer organizations in the framework of practical training. Methodology, methods and techniques. As a methodological basis, systematic and structural approaches were used; methods of analysis and synthesis; the study of models of cooperation between universities and employers, methods of monitoring and evaluating the quality of training specialists. Conclusions. In the course of the work, the authors describe the process of practical training of specialists in the tourism and hospitality industry, including the purpose and objectives, process requirements, organization conditions and requirements for the results of the process. The scope of the study. The direction of further research may include modeling the process of practical training and the development of methodological foundations for cooperation between the university and employer organizations in the framework of practical training. Practical application. The results of the study are used in organizing practical training at the Department of Tourism Business and Hospitality of the Ural State University of Economics, and can also be used by other professional educational organizations, which will effectively solve the problem of training personnel for tourism and hospitality. The social consequences of organizing the process of practical training of students will include increasing the competitiveness of graduates in the labor market; improving the quality of tourist services and hotel services; introducing innovations into the tourism and hospitality industry, and developing startups. Originality. The innovativeness of the research lies in the description of the elements of the system of practical training at the university.

ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ: ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ И ТРУДНОСТИ

At the present stage, the issue of import substitution is the main one for the functioning of the Russian economy. The 2022 sanctions have become many times larger than previous restrictions and have spread to various sectors of the economy. Under such conditions, the import of technologies and goods from Western countries has been significantly reduced, so it is necessary to expand parallel imports and create import-substituting industries in Russia itself. Previously, the EAEU was not the focus of Russian foreign policy. But today Western countries are seeking to eliminate Russia from the world economy and trade. Therefore, the maintenance of technological sovereignty, the creation of alternative financial mechanisms and external relations within the EAEU are becoming an important means for Russia to compensate for the damage from sanctions. They also provide an opportunity to adapt to changing conditions. At present, Russia has changed the direction of economic cooperation to the East and began to transform the market, relying on the countries of Asia and the BRICS. Today, the main areas of joint activity of the BRICS member countries are strengthening trade relations, cooperation in the digital economy, maintaining supply chains and climate-related issues.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫХ ЗОН ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ – ОСНОВА УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ОТРАСЛИ

Sustainable development of the country's agriculture, region and enterprise depends on constant innovative renewal, which ensures the improvement of product quality, the achievement of maximum labor productivity and, ultimately, the increase in the competitiveness of products. The basis of this process is the scientific and technical development of the crop industry, including seed production, the introduction of new innovative production technologies. The scientific and technical development of the crop industry in Russia is carried out under the influence of global changes that affect not only our country, but also the countries of the world, which leads to significant changes in the structure of the economy and the life of the population. Technological improvement can serve as the basis for the development of domestic agriculture. The main directions in crop production will be the use of more advanced sowing technologies, increasing fertility and preventing depleted soils by reducing the chemical load, improving the soil, automating most plant cultivation processes, precision farming. The use of all highly efficient technologies is especially important in zones of agricultural production with a high level of specialization, where products are produced not only for the purpose of self-sufficiency, but also for export to other regions.

Assessment of Economic Efficiency, Effects and Risks of Digitalization Projects of Garment Industry in Russia

To increase production efficiency at industrial enterprises, various digital technologies have recently been used, which have various effects: reduction of time, money, material costs, reduction of the production cycle, productivity growth. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the efficiency of the digitalization of garment production, determine the effects and risks of a digitalization project. The digitalization project was carried out using the radio-frequency identification technology to monitor the sequential processes of garment making.This study tests a hypothesis that the use of digital technologies leads to a reduction in time losses and an increase in labor productivity. During the study, the time of the production process was measured. Further on, the possible reduction of time losses due to the introduction of digital technology under the conditions of existing production capacities is calculated. Time losses were used for additional production, which leads to a change in the company's cash flows. As a result, the performance indicators of the investment project were calculated, and its risks were assessed using sensitivity analysis.The theoretical significance is in determining the economic indicators that are affected by the introduction of digital technology in the garment industry. The introduction of the radio-frequency identification technology makes it possible to monitor the parameters of the production process, which helped to reduce time loss by 50%, decrease the labor intensity of the product and increase the productivity of the enterprise's personnel by 30%. The implementation of digitalization projects has risks for companies. To minimize possible risks that could arise, sustainable mitigating solutions were proffered.

РАЗВИТИЕ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ В РОССИЙСКИХ ИТ-КОМПАНИЯХ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ САНКЦИОННЫХ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ

The adoption by Western countries of the second round of sanctions against Russia in March 2022 included a partial ban on the supply of high-tech products and support for the ИТ infrastructure of Russian companies. Foreign companies began to leave the domestic ИТ market. Also, the shortage of personnel continues to be one of the key barriers to the development of the ИТ industry in Russia. In addition, in February last year there was a large outflow of ИТ specialists abroad. The development of a personnel management system in ИТ companies is extremely important in the context of sanctions, since in such conditions companies face a number of problems associated with a lack of qualified personnel and restrictions on the international labor market. The personnel management system allows companies to effectively manage their employees, ensure their development and motivation, as well as attract new talented specialists. In addition, the personnel management system allows companies to effectively manage personnel costs, optimize work processes and increase labor productivity. This is especially important in the context of sanctions when companies are forced to work in conditions of limited resources and competition in the market. In general, the development of a personnel management system in ИТ companies is a prerequisite for successful work under sanctions. ИТ enables companies to effectively manage their resources, attract and retain talented employees, and increase productivity and competitiveness in the marketplace.

Optimization of information flows and development of a predictive model for organizing the information space in digital energy

The application of modern information technologies in the electric power industry of the national economy of Russia is considered. The main digital technologies with the maximum potential for use in the electric power industry are given. The stages of the digital flows organization are determined for the development of a model for organizing the information space in the digital energy. The main indicators of the digitalization introduction in the energy sector, as well as factors hindering the process of digitalization of the electric power industry in Russia, are determined. A model for organizing the information space in the digital energy sector of Russia for the medium and long term is developed. Keywords energy, digitalization, data optimization, information flow, big data, artificial intelligence, renewable energy sources