Dumping Of Industrial Wastes Research Articles

A Remote Sensing Industrial Solid Waste Image Segmentation Method Based on Improved Watershed Algorithm

Taking the high-resolution remote sensing image of industrial waste dump as the research object, this paper proposes a new image segmentation method based on markercontrolled watershed transform and region merging. The method gets the finial partition result by two-phrase segmentation on the pan-sharpened true color ALOS image. In the first phase, color gradient image of original image should be calculated and then it is modified by morphological impose minima, which should use markers extracted in two different ways. Lastly, preliminary segmentation result is obtained by watershed transform operates on the modified color gradient image. To solve the over-segmentation of industrial solid waste and other ground objects, region merging operation is performed according to the similarity measure criterion based on segmented objects’ color histogram Bhattacharyya coefficient in the second phrase, and then the final result is obtained. This method has been tested on the pan-sharpened ALOS image of 2.5 meters resolution in Shizuishan industrial zone, China. Experiment results demonstrate that this method is feasible and effective to segment the remote sensing industrial solid waste image.

Bacteriological and Physiochemical Analysis of Oguta Lake Water, Imo State, Nigeria

Bacteriological and Physiochemical analysis were carried out on Oguta lake water from three guage stations; upstream, midstream and downstream used for drinking and recreational purposes in Imo State, South-Eastern, Nigeria. The results obtained were compared with World health organisation (WHO) and Environmental protection agency (EPA) standards for drinking and recreational water respectively. The following parameters; conductivity (30.8 us\cm), colour (90.67 pt\co), iron (0.47 mg\l), lead (0.18 mg\l), cadmium (0.08 mg/l), nitrate (0.9 ml) and odour (unpleasant) did not meet WHO standards while temperature (30.8oC), pH (5.71cpu), total dissolved solids (TDS) (73.87 mg/l), total solids (TSS) (7 mg/l), turbidity (17 ntu), phosphate (0.19 mg/l), sulphate (0.19 mg/l), manganese (0.1 mg/l) and appearance (clear) met the standards. None of the samples conformed to WHO and EPA bacteriological standards for total heterotrophic count of 1.0x10-2 in 100 ml of water, total coliform count and feacal coliform count of 1:100 ml of water for drinking and recreational water. Samonella, Shigella and Vibro cholera were not detected. The presence of coliforms in water for drinking and recreational purposes is of public health significance considering the possibilities of the presence of other bacteria, protozoa and enteric viruses that are implicated in gastro-intestinal water borne diseases and the low infectious dose of these water borne pathogens. Presence of chemicals in water is also of great concern, health effect from chemicals have been difficult to assess because the impact is not acute like that of pathogens, but often cumulatively resulting to cancer and sometimes death. The general public should be educated on dangers of contaminated water as well as prevention of indiscriminate dumping of domestic and industrial wastes into the lake.

Fungi isolated from the initial industrial soil planted with a mixture of alfalfa and grasses

Research were conducted during the years 1988-1990 on the "Machów" industrial waste dump. It was determined, that a mixture of alfalfa with grasses. introduced as first culture on the raw substrate of industrial wastes. was helpful for the development of soil fungi communities.

Identification, evaluation and change detection of highly sensitive wetlands in South-Eastern Sri Lanka using ALOS (AVNIR2, PALSAR) and Landsat ETM+ data

Sri Lanka is an island consists of numerous wetlands and many of these ecosystems have been indiscriminately exploited for a commercial, agricultural, residential and industrial development and waste dumping. Eastern River Basin Region in Sri Lanka is rapidly urbanizing, which leads more threats to the surrounding wetland ecosystems considerably. Therefore, it is important to identify and designated them as reserved areas where necessary in order to protect them under the National Environmental Act of Sri Lanka. Mapping and change detection of wetlands in the selected region is a key requirement to fulfill the above task. GIS and Remote Sensing techniques were used to identify and analyze the wetland eco systems. In this study Landsat ETM+, ALOS-AVNIR2, ALOS-PALSAR images were analyzed for identifying and change detection of wetlands. The secondary information and data were collected through a questionnaire survey to recognize the possible threats and benefits. The collected data and information were incorporated in identification, analyzing and ranking the wetlands. The final outcome of the project is to correlate the satellite data with the field observations to quantify the highly sensitive wetlands to declare as Environmental Protection Areas under the National Environment Act of Sri Lanka.

Demonstrating that monitoring and punishing increase non-cooperative behavior in a social dilemma game

This research demonstrated the negative influence of monitoring and punishing during a social dilemma game, taking the illegal dumping of industrial waste as an example. The first study manipulated three conditions: a producing-industries monitoring condition (PIM), an administrative monitoring condition (ADM), and a control condition (no monitoring). The results showed that non-cooperative behavior was more frequent in the PIM condition than in the control condition. The second study had three conditions: a punishing condition (PC), a monitoring condition (MC), and a control condition (no monitoring, no punishing). The results indicated that non-cooperative behavior was observed the most in the PC, and the least in the control condition. Furthermore, information regarding other players' costs and benefits was shared the most in the control conditions in both studies. The results suggest that sanctions prevent people from sharing information, which decreases expectations of mutual cooperation.

Modeling of Temperature Field Distribution in Mine Dumps with Spread Prediction

The paper describes mathematical modeling and computation of thermal processes in the environment of mine dumps and industrial waste dumps. The developed program enables testing of various modeling methods and prediction of temperature field distribution and endogenous fires in mine dumps. It is possible to obtain enough information to design a mathematical model for spread prediction and possible dangerous endogenous fires from long time measurements of temperature fields below and above the surface. The present methodology is implemented in Matlab mathematical software environment, which enables the design of data files processing and implementation of algorithms for simulation of the temperature field in environment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.19.7.5179

Changes in geotechnical properties of soil with ph in household and industrial waste dump site

The direct effect of soil acidification or soil basification by means of industrial waste or household waste in geotechnical properties of soil is not well quantified. Soil does not show better behavior within a pH range that is strongly acid to mildly alkaline. Results from the test of different soil sample in contact with household or industrial waste presented in this paper. The geotechnical properties of soil sample well quantified by means of laboratory test. Acidic soil and basic soil consists of soluble salts and other materials removed by effluent of the industrial and household waste which make a major effect on the geotechnical properties of soil. It is also found that soil parameters are tremendously changes and the output of Specific Gravity, Plastic Limit (PL), Liquid Limit (LL), Shrinkage Limit (SL), Moisture Content, Undrained shear strength, recompression index and pre consolidation stress of soil sample badly affected. However this paper provides insight regarding how affected soils play a role, how soil parameter changes.

Productive efficiency of public and private solid waste logistics and its implications for waste management policy

This paper measures the productive efficiency of municipal solid waste (MSW) logistics by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to cross-sectional data of prefectures in Japan. Either through public operations or by outsourcing to private waste collection operators, prefectural governments possess the fundamental authority over waste processing operations in Japan. Therefore, we estimate a multi-input multi-output production efficiency at the prefectural level via DEA, employing several different model settings. Our data classify the MSW into household solid waste (HSW) and business solid waste (BSW) collected by both private and public operators as separate outputs, while the numbers of trucks and workers used by private and public operators are used as inputs. The results consistently show that geographical characteristics, such as the number of inhabited remote islands, are relatively more dominant factors for determining inefficiency. While the implication that a minimum efficient scale is not achieved in these small islands is in line with the literature suggesting that waste logistics has increasing returns at the municipal level, our results indicate that waste collection efficiency in Japan is well described by CRS technology at the prefectural level. The results also show that prefectures with higher private-sector participation, measured in terms of HSW collection, are more efficient, whereas a higher private–labor ratio negatively affects efficiency. We also provide evidence that prefectures with inefficient MSW logistics have a higher tendency of suffering from the illegal dumping of industrial waste.

214 豊島廃棄物等処理事業におけるGISを活用した事業の進捗業況の3Dモデル化とその活用(環境マネジメント・手法(2))

Teshima waste disposal project has been done as a solution of the illegal industrial waste dumping occurred in Teshima-island, Kagawa Prefecture since 2003. The role of the watch of the project is requested by the resident living in Teshima-island and Naoshima-island. 0n the other hand, disclosing useful information for the understanding this project is by whom is the entrepreneur needed in Kagawa Prefecture. Both of information matched to the progress of the project, Co-creation system is thought to be necessary by such correspondence. We have aimed to practice what we can do as an engineer, and we made the 3D model of the waste dumping place to show how the project has progressed. The goal Of our study is to prevent illegal dumping and to accumulate data about l'eshima waste disposal project. In this report, we show development of 3D modeling method ofTeshima waste disposal project by GIS.

Anthropogenic Pollution of Inland Waters: the Case of the Aboabo River in Kumasi, Ghana

This study assessed the quality of the Aboabo River and examined the anthropogenic factors that lead to river pollution. Physico-chemical and bacteriological assessment of water samples showed that water from the Aboabo river was polluted and therefore not suitable for domestic consumption. Observation, in-depth interviews, informal conversation and a cross-sectional survey of 396 households in the river basin were employed to elicit qualitative and quantitative data. Direct anthropogenic factors identified were indiscriminate dumping of refuse, channelling of raw sewage, open defecation and indiscriminate dumping of industrial waste into the Aboabo River. Remote factors identified were population growth and institutional challenges. Recommendations made include enforcement of by-laws, provision of adequate sanitation facilities and the encouragement of opinion leaders to play an active role in promoting the inculcation of environmentally friendly practices amongst residents.

Piracy in Somalia and Operation Atalanta: The Need for a Diplomatic Option

In this age of globalization, municipal concerns impinge negatively or positively on the fate of or future of other nations. Piracy in Somalia has moved from a domestic concern to an international one and the country is largely unable to discharge its responsibilities to its citizens and thus incapable of effectively meeting its international treaty obligations. Piracy in Somalia thus impedes maritime operations along the East African coast of the Indian Ocean. One concerted international response to the maritime criminality in that part of the world is operation Atalanta. This paper uses the realist theoretical framework to argue that this EU effort serves the commercial and strategic interests of nations that benefit directly and indirectly from maritime trade. But the essentially military response to piracy which EU NAVFOR Somalia stands for will not bring a sustainable solution to the problem since some of the pirates see their activities as pure survival strategy. It therefore suggests the diplomatic option to re-build the failed Somali State � so that the state of Somalia can discharge its responsibilities to its citizens as well as the international community, stopped illegal fishing in Somali waters and effectively check illegal dumping of chemical and industrial waste in that region.

Japan's Efforts Against the Illegal Dumping of Industrial Waste

ABSTRACTStarting in 1970, Japanese businesses were made responsible for the disposal of their own industrial waste. Thereafter, in principle, tax money could no longer be used to cover the costs of industrial waste disposal, a task entrusted to private‐sector contractors engaged in waste collection, transport and disposal. Letting economic principles dictate the handling of waste – which has no intrinsic value – opened the door to the rampant problem of illegal dumping by waste‐emitting businesses; private‐sector waste disposal contractors carried on a thriving business of improper waste disposal, creating an enormous black market. To deal with the illegal dumping and improper disposal of waste, the Waste Management Act was amended several times starting in 1991. An indirect effect of creation of the Industrial Waste Site Restoration Fund in 1997 was the economic incentive for prefectures to improve their own administrative capacity; in addition, the strengthening of punitive measures not only suppressed criminal activity but also created the incentive for law enforcement to improve its capabilities. Another amendment in 2000 gave waste‐emitting businesses greater responsibility for waste disposal, and the fact that they could become liable for costs, even if not in violation of the Act when waste disposal was subcontracted out, gave them the incentive to select trustworthy contractors with which to deal. As a result, problems such as illegal dumping have begun to decline. Several issues remain for Japan to address, among them some institutional problems in dealing with illegal dumping sites that have not been immediately cleaned up, and the fact that unscrupulous operators are exploiting a loophole that fails to classify contaminated soil as waste, still allowing them to dump it illegally. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

Study on the Impact of Tidal Effects on Water Quality Modelling of Juru River, Malaysia

This study on water quality modelling in Sungai Juru, Penang was undertaken as one of the most polluted rivers in Malaysia and is literally known as the 'dying river'. The research objectives are to assess the parameters that govern the amount of pollutants in the river and to identify appropriate measures to improve the river water quality. The main pollution sources are pig waste, discharge from agro-based industries, dumping of municipal and industrial waste. Due to its relatively flat bed gradient, Sungai Juru experienced tidal effect up to a distance of 13 km from the estuary. As a result, pollutants in the river are hardly discharged into the sea. This research on Dissolved Oxygen (DO) parameter has been carried out to develop a rehabilitation solution for Sungai Juru by using the numerical hydrodynamic modeling technique simulated by I-D Infoworks R.S software. The modeling involved two phases namely, development of a flow model followed by a water quality model. After the model has been successfully calibrated, the pollutant behaviour under various scenarios can be investigated. The hydraulic study of Sungai Juru revealed that the velocity at STJ02 ranging from -0.1 to +0.12 m sec-1 during high and low tide, respectively. Based on this velocity, traveling time from S TJ02 (Sungai Juru) to STJ01 (Sungai Rambai) (3.5 km) is approximately between 9-10 h. The duration provides ample time for photosynthesis to occur resulting high DO ranging from 4-10 mg at STJ01. The information is useful to determine pollution characteristics in Sungai Juru particularly related to tidal impacts. It is hoped that the modeling technique developed can be applied in other rivers in Malaysia which are subjected to tidal influences.

Woody plant willow in function of river water protection

Coastal area surrounding the river Ibar, in the area between cities of Kosovska Mitrovica and Leposavic in the north of Kosovo and Metohija, is occupied with seven industrial waste dumps. These dumps were all part of the exploitation and flotation refinement of raw mineral materials, metallurgic refinement of concentrates, chemical industry, industrial refinement and energetic facilities of Trepca industrial complex. The existing waste dumps, both active and inactive, are of heterogenic chemical composition. Its impact on the river water is shown by the content of heavy metals found in it. Removal of lead, cadmium and zinc would be economically unrewarding, regardless of the technology used. Wooden plant that prevails in this area is white willow. This work is focused on the removal of heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Zn) from the water of the river Ibar using white willow. Roots of the willow are cultivated using the method of water cultures in an individual solution of heavy metals and river water sample. The preparation of the samples for analysis was performed by burning the herbal material and dissolving ashes in the appropriate acids. The concentrations of metals were determined by the stripping analysis. In the investigated heavy metal solutions the biomass increase is 25.6% in lead solution, 27.3% in cadmium and 30.7% in zinc solution. The increase of biomass in nutritional solution, without the heavy metals, is 32.4% and in river water sample 27.5%. The coefficient of bioaccumulation in solutions with heavy metals is 1.6% in lead solution, 1.9% in cadmium and 2.2% in zinc solution. Heavy metals accumulation is 18.74 ?g of lead, 20.09 ?g of cadmium and 22.89 ?g of zinc. The coefficient of bioaccumulation of the water samples, that contained 44.83 ?g/dm3 of lead, 29.21 ?g/dm3 of cadmium and 434.00 ?g/dm3 of zinc, during the period of 45 days, was 30.3% for lead, 53.4% for cadmium and 3.9% for zinc. The concentrations of accumulated metals from the river water are 19.01 ?g of lead, 21.85 ?g of cadmium and 23.96 ?g of zinc in grams dry matter. The obtained results indicate that the willow can contribute to the decontamination of moderately contaminated river water from Pb, Cd and Zn.

Drinking water quality assessment in Southern Sindh (Pakistan)

The southern Sindh province of Pakistan adjoins the Arabian Sea coast where drinking water quality is deteriorating due to dumping of industrial and urban waste and use of agrochemicals and yet has limited fresh water resources. The study assessed the drinking water quality of canal, shallow pumps, dug wells, and water supply schemes from the administrative districts of Thatta, Badin, and Thar by measuring physical, chemical, and biological (total coliform) quality parameters. All four water bodies (dug wells, shallow pumps canal water, and water supply schemes) exceeded WHO MPL for turbidity (24%, 28%, 96%, 69%), coliform (96%, 77%, 92%, 81%), and electrical conductivity (100%, 99%, 44%, 63%), respectively. However, the turbidity was lower in underground water, i.e., 24% and 28% in dug wells and shallow pumps as compared to open water, i.e., 96% and 69% in canal and water supply schemes, respectively. In dug wells and shallow pumps, limits for TDS, alkalinity, hardness, and sodium exceeded, respectively, by 63% and 33%; 59% and 70%, 40% and 27%, and 78% and 26%. Sodium was major problem in dug wells and shallow pumps of district Thar and considerable percent in shallow pumps of Badin. Iron was major problem in all water bodies of district Badin ranging from 50% to 69% and to some extent in open waters of Thatta. Other parameters as pH, copper, manganese, zinc, and phosphorus were within standard permissible limits of World Health Organization. Some common diseases found in the study area were gastroenteritis, diarrhea and vomiting, kidney, and skin problems.

Radio-ecological Situation in Industrial Waste Dumps of the Kyrgyz Chemical and Metallurgical Plant

Radio-ecological Situation in Industrial Waste Dumps of the Kyrgyz Chemical and Metallurgical Plant

Salvaging Nature: The Akan Religio-Cultural Perspective

AbstractThe way many Ghanaians relate to the environment now is not the best; they just do not care about how to handle the environment in a sustainable way. They have forgotten that life is environment and environment is life due to rapid cultural change, population explosion etc. There is indiscriminate logging, annual bushfires, illegal surface mining, bad farming practices, dumping of human and industrial wastes into our water bodies and the like. It is estimated that over 90 percent of Ghana's high forest has been logged since the late 1940s. The sanitation situation is growing from bad to worst as the records show. All efforts to salvage the situation over the years have failed to yield the needed results. It is for this reason that this paper argues strongly for the inclusion of indigenous Ghanaian religion and culture in this fight, for they have proven to be eco-biased religion and culture due to the environmentally beneficial mechanisms inherent in them. Specifically, the traditional Akan use their conception of land, taboos, totemism, sacred groves and sasa to ensure the conservation of nature. Therefore, this paper believe, the time has come for us to forge a common ground in our efforts to find a lasting solution to our environmental problems from both the perspectives of science and that of Indigenous Spiritualities and Culture.

Case study: examining the contribution of historical sources of lead in urban soils in Portland, Maine, USA

While the presence of lead in urban soils from residential lead paint and leaded gasoline is well documented, the relative contribution of lead from area historical industrial activities is not. This study examined the connection between historical industrial sources of lead in Portland, Maine, USA from 1860 to 1970 to current, spatial distributions of soil lead. Collecting 1859 surface and 122 sub-surface soil samples in accordance with USEPA's Lead Safe Yard Protocols, lead concentrations varied from 9 mg/kg to >100,000 mg/kg with most of the samples greater than USEPA's critical value for lead (400 mg/kg). Using historical documents, probable sources of lead were mapped. In comparing two datasets, no clear relationship emerged. Findings were hampered by inability to sample under large areas of impervious surfaces and private properties. Because of lead's immobility in soil, one would expect decreasing concentration with depth, but lead concentrations varied with depth and location. The haphazard dumping of lead-contaminated industrial waste and the relocation of contaminated fill are likely factors. These findings suggest that in urban areas where multiple historical sources of lead existed, surface sampling to determine presence of lead may not be sufficient to protect public health.

CRITÉRIOS GEOAMBIENTAIS APLICADOS À SELEÇÃO DE ÁREAS PARA A DISPOSIÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE ESTIVA GERBI (SP)

The studied area Estiva Gerbi city, located in the countryside of the State of Sao Paulo, it has 10.233 inhabitants (BRASIL, 2006) and generates daily 4.4 tons of solid urban waste, from which 32.8% represent recyclable materials. Regular municipal collection attends 99% of the dwellings, however since 1993 the waste has been disposed inadequately in an area characterized as environmental liability, from abandoned clay mining. There is no control of the waste deposited, nor of the access to the area (people and vehicles), which allows scavengers to perform the selection of recyclables as well as the dumping of clandestine industrial waste (not inert). Besides the financial, administrative and technical difficulties, the city has suffered constant bookings by the CETESB (Environmental Agency). The current situation of the municipal system for urban solid waste has been characterized as basis of studies for the elaboration of specific guidelines as to the integrated management of urban solid waste. As part of the developed research, geological-geotechnical characteristics were studied and analyzed in 6 physical environment units, defining this way the areas with restrictions and potential for the implantation of a landfill site, and this way define guiding geoenvironmental criteria for the pre-selection of areas for such purpose. This study phase had as objective to use environmental planning instruments for the pre-selection of adequate areas, from the geological-geotechnical point of view, to the implantation of the landfill site. The results have shown that the model used may be applied to orientate other small cities with similar problems.

Viable Newcastle Disease Vaccine Strains in a Pharmaceutical Dump

To assess the viability of discarded and buried vaccine strains, we examined vaccines that had been buried for >20 years in an industrial waste dump in the city of Milan, Italy. Viability results showed potential biological risk associated with uncontrolled burial of pharmaceutical industry waste, including some live vaccines.