Industrial Sphere Research Articles

Reconfiguration of Business Models of Industrial Enterprises: Vectors of Increasing Sustainability in the New Realities

The purpose of the article is to study the priority areas of reconfiguration of business models of industrial enterprises to solve the problem of increasing their stability in an unstable economic situation. The paper reveals the essence and structural components of business models. It is proved based on the analysis of literary sources that the business model with the help of narratives, figures, and graphic models describes how the organization creates, delivers, and captures value in the existing context. With this in mind, the key vectors of business model innovation of industrial companies using the potential of Industry 4.0 technologies are identified. First, the possibilities of transforming business models based on the introduction of digital technologies as drivers of transformation (blockchain, Internet of Things, Artificial intelligence, etc.) are justified, and the feasibility of complex application of digital technologies for business model innovation is established. Secondly, the content of the reconfiguration of business models in line with the ecosystem approach and the creation of open digital ecosystems of economic entities in the industrial sphere is revealed. Third, the importance of creating circular business models of industrial companies that reflect the transition from the classical linear model of production to the closed-cycle model is justified. It is determined that together these vectors of reconfiguration of business models of industrial enterprises will ensure the growth of the sustainability of manufacturing companies as a result of the growth of the connectivity of the environment, resource efficiency, and data-driven “smart” management.

Food-Cluster Formation and Development

The article considers the main peculiarities of food-cluster formation and development. Food complex is one of the most important industries of the national economy. Key approaches to its formation and development are analyzed in terms of regional development and management. Taking into account foreign experience, integrated unions which play an important role in agro-business’ structure entering the food industry and competing with previously created businesses, are identified. The given techniques allow calculating potential indicators of the cluster approach in agricultural enterprises as well as analyzing the competitiveness level of its leading spheres. Basic instructions of the cluster approach usage in the sphere of food production industry are defined.

Пандемия коронавируса и перспективы развития оборонно-промышленного комплекса Европейского союза

The article analyzes the impact of the current crisis on the defence policy of the EU countries. Coronavirus has had a negative impact almost on all industries. According to the forecast of International Monetary Fund the growth of the world economy is expected to be at the level of -4.9%. In such conditions where social sphere including medical is going to be the most important one, governments are faced with the problem of relocation of their expenditures. Therefore, the military expenditures probably would suffer cuts like it was during last crises for example financial crisis of 2007-2008. The EU defence industry is also influenced by coronavirus crisis, this was yielded in the downtime and supply dates shifts during lock down. However together with armed forces defence companies were engaged in fight with coronavirus: production of medical and protective equipment, disinfection, transportation and etc. But these efforts cannot be considered as an efficient measure to limit negative impacts of coronavirus crisis on the prospects of defence industry. The following coronavirus crisis consequences for the defence industry can be outlined: stock prices fall, civil aviation crisis, supply chain disturbance and difficulties for small and medium enterprises during lock down. Such effects of course can slow down the development of the defence industry and complicate the operation. However the most crucial one is military expenditures cuts, because such changes put defence industry in the new environment with reduced demand for arms. Defence cuts are also a threat to the joint EU defence industry development programs. The importance of these programs is that their goal is to contribute to the military capability of the EU and these programs could be used for coronavirus crisis consequences overcome. However the budget allocated for these programs was also cut, so their implementation is hampered. But defence companies and their associations are working on the plans to boost the development. The author believes that in such conditions the key point for the successful overcome of coronavirus crisis and further sustained development of the EU defence industry is the joint efforts in this direction. The current level of cooperation between member state in the sphere of defence industry is not enough not only for the overcome of coronavirus crisis, but also for the development even in the standard conditions. Therefore the deepen of the cooperation is required and important like never before. As a result current crisis situation is a chance for the EU defence industry to joint the efforts in the defence sphere and expend integration in defence and security.

Experimental studies of burning plant pellets in a domestic boiler

In recent years, biofuels have increasingly been used as fuel in Ukraine. Ukraine is an agro-industrial country with great potential for the production and use of pellets of plant origin. Our country ranks 6th in the world for the production of such biofuels as pellets, but most of them (about 85 %) are exported abroad. This is due to the low demand for pellets in the domestic market. Cereal straw can be used in municipal energy. The amount of straw left after harvest is sufficient for its use as fuel. This biofuel in its composition and calorific value is close to such traditional fuels as wood and peat. Also, raw materials for bio-pellets can be sunflower husks and energy crops. The main objectives of this work are experimental studies of the combustion of different types of agropellets. An experimental installation of a solid fuel boiler with a pellet burner was developed and implemented at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to study the peculiarities of pellet combustion. With the help of the developed measurement system based on a comb with thermocouples, which is located above the torch in the boiler, the temperature regime in the boiler volume was studied and the peculiarities of the pellet burning process in the burner were determined. As a result of the work, experimental studies of the peculiarities of burning pellets of agricultural origin, namely straw (barley, wheat) and pellets from corn cobs were carried out. On the basis of the constructed graphic dependences the characteristic features of temperature modes of work of a household copper at burning of agropellets were defined. The use of the results is possible in the communal and industrial heat energy, social and budgetary sphere and individual household sector.

Strategic priorities of social production digitalization: world experience

Strategic priorities of social production digitalization: world experience

Building Collapse in Nigeria during recent years – Causes, effects and way forward

Building collapse in Nigeria in the last few decades is a growing concern for investors and the government alike. Many of the documented cases of building collapse in Nigeria are due to the use of defective or substandard building materials, no requisite technical knowledge, non-adherence to building codes and standards, the use of non-professionals and the high level of corruption which has ravaged every sphere of the construction industry including government and private parastatals. In addition to the established causes of the collapse of structures, empirical data from developed countries of the world has shown that many of the recorded cases in this climes are due to the fact that the current codes of practice do not make provisions for unexpected loads and an unexpected failure of a single member may lead to an all-round collapse of the entire structure. This study critically highlights the collapse cases of buildings in Nigeria and provides recommendations to halt this growing concern. It seeks to shed further light on these causes and the likelihood for the continued collapse of buildings in Nigeria if measures are not urgently and strategically put in place by all concerned stakeholders. It also seeks to reduce the impact of man-made phenomena on buildings through awareness and policy formulation by the government.

The health issues in self-appraisal of workers of industrial production and social sector

The article considers issues of health, safety and well-being of working citizens in such sectors of economy having great importance for every state such as production and social sphere. The problem of health preservation and working place safety is actual for working population all around the world, going beyond interests of individual citizens and their families and playing primary role in issues of labor safety and productivity, competitiveness and development of enterprises, stability of national economy sectors. The actuality of the study is conditioned by the fact that human resources and labor market are key institutional factors impacting the level of state socioeconomic development and determining health status of working citizens. In Russia, the issues of support by employers safe working conditions in various spheres of national economy to contribute to preservation of their employees health, to occupational diseases prevention ultimately determine both labor productivity at particular enterprise and development and stability of national economy as a whole. The study of self-assessment of health status of workers in industrial production and social sphere was carried out on the basis of results of survey implemented in September 2020 among medical personnel of the Municipal Hospital No. 11 of the city of Ryazan and employees of the oil refining plant - JSC Ryazan Oil Refinery. The analysis of the study results permitted to conclude that, in answering question about health status assessment, workers of social sphere consider themselves to be healthier than workers in industrial production.

Study of the Shape of a Microwave Chamber for Heating a Dielectric Object

Currently, microwave energy is actively used in various industrial spheres for heating dielectric materials. In order to ensure uniform heating, it is necessary to obtain a uniform distribution of absorbed power in the volume of a dielectric. In this paper, we consider two models of a microwave chamber for heating a dielectric object – a rectangular chamber and a cylindrical chamber. Computer simulation was performed in the FEKO software for several cases: using two and four radiation sources and using two different dielectrics, with parameters corresponding to water and wheat. The results show that a cylindrical chamber provides a more uniform distribution of absorbed power in the inner volume, and therefore, allows to obtain a more uniform heating of the dielectric object inside it, than a rectangular chamber. One possible variant of implementation of a chamber for microwave heating of a dielectric object may be a rotating cylindrical chamber. Its application will allow obtaining uniform heating with a smaller number of emitters due to the choice of the optimal cylinder rotation speed.

Porosity Analysis of Additive Manufactured Parts Using CAQ Technology.

Components produced by additive technology are implemented in various spheres of industry, such as automotive or aerospace. This manufacturing process can lead to making highly optimized parts. There is not enough information about the quality of the parts produced by additive technologies, especially those made from metal powder. The research in this article deals with the porosity of components produced by additive technologies. The components used for the research were manufactured by the selective laser melting (SLM) method. The shape of these components is the same as the shape used for the tensile test. The investigated parts were printed with orientation in two directions, Z and XZ with respect to the machine platform. The printing strategy was “stripe”. The material used for printing of the parts was SS 316L-0407. The printing parameters were laser power of 200 W, scanning speed of 650 mm/s, and the thickness of the layer was 50 µm. A non-destructive method was used for the components’ porosity evaluation. The scanning was performed by CT machine METROTOM 1500. The radiation parameters used for getting 3D scans were voltage 180 kV, current 900 µA, detector resolution 1024 × 1024 px, voxel size 119.43 µm, number of projections 1050, and integration time 2000 ms. This entire measurement process responds to the computer aided quality (CAQ) technology. VG studio MAX 3.0 software was used to evaluate the obtained data. The porosity of the parts with Z and XZ orientation was also evaluated for parts’ thicknesses of 1, 2, and 3 mm, respectively. It has been proven by this experimental investigation that the printing direction of the part in the additive manufacturing process under question affects its porosity.

ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЦЕННОСТНОГО ОТНОШЕНИЯ К ЗАНЯТИЯМ ОЗДОРОВИТЕЛЬНОЙ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ

The latest changes in all types of production activities have increased the requirements for training. With the advancement of the industrial sphere and society, the load on all functional systems of the body of specialists in all industries increases. An essential condition for the reproduction of such specialists is to introduce them to a healthy lifestyle, to a continuous desire to preserve and strengthen their health. Existing strategies for improving the health of future specialists do not meet the challenges of the time and are usually superficial information and medical in nature. Although here it is necessary to emphasize the initiative in achieving personal success and well-being, to show the attractiveness of a healthy lifestyle and to prescribe the link between the unity of personal and professional with the formation of a future specialist. In this regard, we present a predictive model of education of value attitude to health classes in students. This model has a positive impact on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students.

СОЦІАЛЬНЕ СТАНОВИЩЕ ЯК ДЕТЕРМІНУЮЧА СКЛАДОВА МЕХАНІЗМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ СЕЛА

Анотація. Досліджено стан і сучасні тенденції соціального розвитку села як детермінуючої складової механізму управління його економічним розвитком. Виявлено його основні проблеми, у тому числі пов’язані з демографічними процесами, міграцією, наявністю робочих місць, добробутом, доступністю до послуг соціальної інфраструктури. Доведено доцільність розроблення та реалізації інноваційної моделі соціального розвитку села, яка передбачає застосування комплексного підходу до розв’язання наявних проблем і ставить вимогу здійснення перетворень у системі та структурі механізмів державного регулювання цим процесом як на центральному, так і місцевому рівнях. Систематизовано стратегічні напрями щодо подолання негативних тенденцій соціального розвитку села в контексті формування інноваційної економіки, серед яких: Не просто створення нових робочих місць, а місць, привабливих перш за все для молоді. Формування суспільної думки щодо важливості і престижності аграрної праці шляхом гарантування дійової системи її соціальної мотивації та захисту. Усебічне сприяння відновленню і подальшому розвиткові соціальної інфраструктури села, зокрема таких важливих сфер, як культурно-побутове обслуговування, медичне забезпечення, будівництво впорядкованого та облаштованого житла. Подолання диспропорцій на рівні обслуговування сільських жителів. Розширення владних повноважень і можливостей громад у здійсненні процесу контролювання та стимулювання раціонального ресурсокористування на сільськогосподарських підприємствах усіх форм власності, залучення інвестицій у виробничу, соціальну та екологічну сфери сільських територій. Тобто з міста в село мають прийти нові технології, нові нестандартні форми управління, нові підходи до організації розподілу місцевих доходів і соціальних послуг. Дотримання обсягів мінімального фінансування розвитку села. Створення фонду підтримки розвитку соціального розвитку села за рахунок відрахувань господарських суб’єктів усіх форм власності в розмірі 1,5% від їхніх доходів. Упровадження пільгового оподаткування для новостворених підприємств на селі в разі інноваційного характеру їхньої виробничої діяльності, надання соціально-необхідних послуг або здійснення інфраструктурного забезпечення цих територій та ін. Ключові слова: соціальний розвиток, село, механізм, управління, стратегічні напрями, соціальна інфраструктура. Формул: 0; рис.: 0; табл.: 3; бібл.: 23.

A Reflection on The Importance of Entrepreneurship in Tourism Development

Tourism is significantly contributed to economic development and it is expected to promote tourism development. Tourism industry is not only influences the economic fabric in the society and also it touches the social and moral values. Tourism creates a large amount of employment opportunities for both skilled and unskilled, because it is a labour-intensive industry, which increases the foreign exchanges and local income. This industry play the vital role in the nation building and economic stability of the nation, so the entrepreneurship became a gift in tourism industry with the cause of environmentally preserved, economically beneficial and sustainable development for the localities and their development. Tourism entrepreneurship eliminates societal problems, but surge the fiscal growth and development of a country, resulting to rise in country’s GDP. Entrepreneurship in tourism related with all spheres of industry as tour operations, handicrafts, hotel industry and supplementary accommodation etc. Entrepreneurs in tourism industry are more concern with economically, socially and environmentally process in an ethical manner.Entrepreneurship is necessary for creation of new organization, construct new businesses. The tourism industry must be able to clearly understand the requirements of the process, tools and resources and also get opportunities to the entrepreneur. Tourism is part of entrepreneurship and promotion of the economic development. In this context the present study has undertaken to examine the role of Entrepreneurship in Tourism Development.

Modeling the Professional Training of Future Teachers

The pace of modern scientific and technological progress is such that all new types of activity are constantly introduce the everyday and industrial spheres of human life, for mastering which special training is needed. This is reflected in the discovery of new specialties in universities. Meanwhile, in order to receive special education at any level, it is first necessary to obtain a certain range of knowledge and skills of a general nature. The implementation of this function is carried out by a general education school, the main goal of which is through mastering the system of knowledge, skills and abilities laid down in the State Standard of General Secondary Education, to form and develop the personality of the student. Let us emphasize the fact that the means of personal development is the content of education. However, the modern secondary school follows the path of expanding curricula, when the names and programs of new disciplines appear, the amount of information in the old subjects increases, and the time allotted for their study, at best, remains the same, and at worst, decreases.

Учет изменений норм расходования материальных ресурсов в потоке создания ценности промышленным предприятием

Accounting for changes in the norms of material resources is a complex and urgent problem due to the systematic increase in their frequency and direction. The management's request for a systematic presentation of data on these changes, which is adequately reflected in the management information space of an economic entity in the industrial sphere, is updated. The article offers an improved method of structuring and maintaining accounting registers of standardized material resources and their reflection, taking into account changes in the process of forming the cost of products (services, goods) according to the standards.

Methodology for selecting packaging alternatives: an “action research” application in the industrial sector

Packaging could and should be considered one of the key elements that promote supply chain performance in terms of efficiency and sustainability. Although, packaging should be considered as a system comprising three different levels (primary, secondary and tertiary), in the industrial sphere design problems are usually centered exclusively on two levels: the primary packaging (the “box”) and the tertiary packaging (the “unit load”). Thus, the main object of this paper is to propose a methodology that facilitates, in a comprehensive way, decision making in packaging system design in order to reduce total costs. To do so, the methodology makes a qualitative and quantitative exploration (including a proposal of a heuristic method) to establish strategies that enable the definition, comparison and selection of an efficient range of package designs (with their associated dimensions) that is efficient and sustainable in an overall way in terms of purchasing costs, logistics costs and environmental costs. Likewise, the authors develop the successful case of a Spanish company implementing successfully the proposed methodology. To develop this case, the authors have adopted an “Action Research” approach. The empirical validation process was developed over almost 10 years.

Ризики промислових підприємств в умовах пандемії COVID-19

The article is aimed at the theoretical generalizing and systematizing the risks of industrial enterprises in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The essence of the concept of «risk» is analyzed and the need for its estimation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is specified. The main classification features of risks in the activity of industrial enterprises are considered. The state of Ukraine’s industry in 2020 is examined and it is concluded that as a result of the coronavirus crisis it is in a difficult situation. A number of risks are identified and their negative impact on the activities of industrial enterprises in Ukraine, both in quarantine and in post-quarantine conditions, is characterized. Among them are: financial-economic, international, commercial, industrial, and social risks. The expediency of application for the estimation of determined risks of statistical, expert, accounting-analytical, analytical, economic and statistical methods, as well as methods of analogues, sensuality, scenarios, Monte Carlo, is substantiated. Given the uncertainty of the time frame associated with the duration of the coronavirus pandemic, it is proposed to constantly monitor risks in order to improve the situation in the sphere of industry, which will allow timely detection of weaknesses and identification of the negative manifestation of crises in various industry sectors. Prospects for further research in this direction are the development of a mechanism for managing and reducing the negative impact of identified risks on the activities of industrial enterprises in both quarantine and post-quarantine conditions, as well as outlining the instruments for ensuring the positive effect of the proposed mechanism.

Economic regulation and market instruments for environmental protection, including fees for negative impacts

Based on the results of the analysis of the European and Russian experience of state regulation of environmental protection, in the article the author examines the possibilities of using economic instruments in the field of environmental policy. It is substantiated that some market instruments are able to bring the state income, which can either be directed to environmental protection expenditures, or used to compensate taxes on labor and capital. Environmental budget items are underfunded, despite the positive dynamics of environmental protection costs associated with the implementation of the national project “Ecology”. The author emphasizes the need for market regulation mechanisms, since they allow taking into account the interests of all participants in state policy: consumers, the state and producers. One of the topical areas of environmental policy is the establishment of a system for the sale of quotas for emissions of greenhouse gases, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions and stimulate the development of “green” technologies in the financial and industrial spheres.

КІНЕЦЬ ЕРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТА ВИКЛИК ІНФОВЛАДИ

The article analyzes the transformations of the contemporary world. Their core is seen in the historical conclusion of the production era and industrial civilization one. Among the indicators of this phenomenon, there is a radical alternation in the structure of human life activity (in particular, a rapid decrease in the segment of the population within the industrial sphere), as well as the destruction of the «productive person» pattern as the cornerstone of human behavior and the value system. Simultaneously, the discourse of economic growth continues to dominate, which is increasingly inconsistent with reality. This is proved by its investigation in four theoretical projections: 1) the source of the idea of growth and the priority of productivity growth in general; 2) the conditions for reducing everything to the good and on this basis — the project of criticism of the economy quasi-universality; 3) the identification of a performative contradiction in the idea of economic growth based on the fact that there is the self-destruction of a person through economic growth; 4) criticism of utopias of the market and homo еconomicus, which are inseparable values of economic growth. It is stated that the end of production era means, at the same time, the actualization of the ambitious historical task of a person’s conversion to himself, to his nature and organic ability to live. Simultaneously, modern information absorbs a person. The effects of human dependence on information technologies are generalized in the concept of information power as one of the key features of the global world. Overcoming the challenge of information power is an important component for the further development of humanity.

Statistical analysis of the factors impeding innovations in Azerbaijani industry

The main purpose of the study is the analysis of factors obstructing the implementation of the innovations in industrial sector of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The implementation of innovative approaches in production processes necessitates major costs and it creates the problem about their minimization. The paper deals with the analysis of the characteristics of various types of innovation and their acceptance by various industrial enterprises. Systematization of literary sources and approaches for the innovation implementation shows the deficiency of multifaceted solutions for this issue. In the study, various factors having effect on the innovation level of industrial companies were generalized. The paper summarized arguments and counterarguments on analysis of implementation of different types of innovation in industrial operations. The difficulties faced on the way of implementation of innovations, the reasons behind them and measures to deal with them have been analyzed. Governmental, social, economic, and organizational incentives have been highlighted as the main motivator for the realization of various innovations in industrial sphere. The targets of this research are clarifying the relation between innovation types and features of industrial units and identifying the connection between obstacles for implementation of innovations in industrial sector. 95% significance level for mean of factors obstructing the realization of industrial innovations being accepted as more effective or less effective, and hypothesis testing for comparison of the mean of these factors have been prepared

Research of a smart energy system in the internet things

The work considers and investigates the intelligent power system in the Internet of Things. The purpose of the article is to study the intelligent network. The answer to the question «What is a smart energy system?». We compared traditional and smart power systems. Defined measurement infrastructure and technological criteria. Protocols and standards are reviewed. The relevance of the topic is because every day the demand and consumption for electrical energy is growing. The evolution of smart grid concepts in various power grids connects a huge number of devices, many of which are due to outdated automation protocols and internal information systems. Since many of these devices provide little or no indication of the semantics of their data, it is customary to manually create this information, which is cumbersome, expensive, and prone to errors. The Internet of Things is the next step in the evolution of our today’s Internet, where any physical object equipped with computing and communication capabilities can be easily integrated into various areas of our life. Thus, there is a need for an intelligent grid that can effectively solve various aspects of transmission and distribution, reducing the load on the power system, making it reliable and secure. One option to meet peak demand is to reinforce the distribution network with thicker cables and more powerful power systems. Another, more sustainable solution is the introduction of smart grid technology to balance energy demand and supply by increasing the flexibility of the electricity grid through the use of information and communication technologies and remote control in real time, for example, with the Internet of things, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and others. However, security and reliability is seen as one of the main obstacles to the rapid and largescale implementation and deployment of both the IoT concept and smart grid. It is expected that the smart grid and the Internet of Things will revolutionize various spheres of everyday life, industry and business.