Abstract
Based on the results of the analysis of the European and Russian experience of state regulation of environmental protection, in the article the author examines the possibilities of using economic instruments in the field of environmental policy. It is substantiated that some market instruments are able to bring the state income, which can either be directed to environmental protection expenditures, or used to compensate taxes on labor and capital. Environmental budget items are underfunded, despite the positive dynamics of environmental protection costs associated with the implementation of the national project “Ecology”. The author emphasizes the need for market regulation mechanisms, since they allow taking into account the interests of all participants in state policy: consumers, the state and producers. One of the topical areas of environmental policy is the establishment of a system for the sale of quotas for emissions of greenhouse gases, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions and stimulate the development of “green” technologies in the financial and industrial spheres.
Highlights
There is no clear definition of the term “regulation” in scientific publications
This document includes the development and implementation of an accounting and reporting system at the company level, an assessment of emission reduction potentials, and the development of a mitigation concept and an action plan that could potentially include the sale of emission quotas
The Government has established an action plan to improve the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for the ratification of the Paris Agreement
Summary
There is no clear definition of the term “regulation” in scientific publications. Some researchers try to make it suitable for further analysis through systematization [1, 2, 3]. Regulation refers to the use of legal instruments to achieve the goals of socio-economic policy. The importance of these tools is that they operate in a costeffective and environmentally-friendly manner, encouraging businesses to reduce pollution. In this regard, the following sectors of economic activity need more regulation than others: insurance (all types that consider extreme weather events); pricing policy (water resources, ecosystems); funding through public-private partnerships or private funding (flood protection, coastal protection, water resources); government regulation (building codes, zonal planning); research and development (agriculture, health care) [9]. The instruments used include regulations on hazardous emissions, safety rules in factories and workplaces, goods labeling, prohibition of discrimination when hiring personnel
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