Economic instruments for the implementation of state environmental policy

Abstract

The article considers ecological and economic instruments in the context of implementation of the state ecological policy and sustainable development of regions. The number of eco-policy instruments used for economic protection of the environment is constantly changing and expanding. The features that characterize economic instruments are identified: the theoretical basis for the use of economic instruments is the idea of external environmental costs, which are expressed in the negative forms of impact of production and consumption of the environment; secondly, environmental and economic instruments are aimed, on the one hand, on the economic support of rational nature management, and on the other - on environmental protection; third, the basis for the practical application of economic instruments are the principles of "polluter pays" and "user pays"; fourth, economic instruments contribute to the development of a "green" economy, which is the driving force of sustainable (balanced) development. Environmental and economic instruments determine the financial strategy, and this is a solid foundation for the concept of sustainable development. There are two main groups of environmental and economic instruments of state regulation in the field of environmental protection: the first group is represented by fiscal and budgetary economic instruments (environmental taxation, environmental payments and fees, environmental regulation and penalties for violations of environmental legislation), the second group of economic instruments for the implementation of state environmental policy is related to the system of financial and economic incentives for environmental activities (preferential taxes, soft loans, subsidies, market formation of environmental goods and services). The main directions of improving the implementation of economic instruments of public administration in the field of environmental protection are identified.