Industrial Policy Framework Research Articles

SEZ Proliferation in India: Are the Objectives Being Realized?

This paper analyzes if the industrial policy framework of the Indian Government with regard to the proliferation of SEZs has satisfied its aims and objectives. The analysis however, shows otherwise. The empirical results show that the policy of the Indian Government has been lopsided, wherein the concentration of SEZs has increased in States which face lower levels of unemployment and a comparably high level of FDI inflow. Further, the concentration of the SEZs has been restricted majorly to the IT industry resulting in rigidity in the export mix. Policy implications hint towards a diversification of the SEZ industry portfolio and in increasing the size and therefore, the economic impact of these zones.

Tourist Clusterisation of Small Entrepreneurs in the Tourism of the Republic of Croatia in the Framework of the European Union Cluster Policy

The European Union cluster policy significantly changes the ambitions and effectiveness of the EU Member States to stimulate and strengthen their national cluster policies. The interest for strengthening the cluster policy in the European Union has significantly increased after the new Member States had entered the EU in 2004.Their significant characteristic is research and innovation, and the clusters are based on the Lisbon Strategy which points out strengthening of economic growth and increasing employment. It especially points out the task to promote and support clusters in the framework of regional, industrial and innovation policy. By clusterisation, the EU Member States will strengthen their competitiveness in the framework of strong European and world competition, initiate an even stronger cooperation within the region, but also on the entire EU territory.Clusters are the critical moving force of open innovation and the key source of competitive advantage in the global economy. An increase in competitiveness of the Croatian economy must be achieved by strengthening the clusterisation process, and this especially refers to small economic entities. Small and medium-sized enterprises joined in a cluster primarily have the following advantages: increase in employment and manufacturing, innovation boost, strengthening of expertise and the know-how, and an increase in the quality of products and services, as well as an increase in export. As regional concentration of specialised companies and institutions linked by multiple connections, and transfer of relationships between these connections, clusters form a favourable environment for innovation by creating and perfecting new ideas in the networks in which various companies and institutions co-operate.Over the last century, there was a sudden increase in the interest for industrial clusterisation, and the growth of globalisation inevitably imposes the necessity to develop tourist clusterisation as the only possible survival of global tourism, which includes any tourist destination. Tourist destinations develop more quickly by using the cluster concept, apply contemporary working methods faster and draw the maximum from the market environment, by which the destination gains competitive advantages in relation to others. Competitiveness of local small entrepreneurs in tourist destinations which operate in the global business environment will increasingly depend on the ability to co-operate and form partnerships on the local level, and competitiveness of any tourist destination in relation to others will in depend in the future on the effectiveness of its tourist clusters.

The framework of new Serbian industrial policy

Global recession wave has set in motion fundamental questions of development and growth, has made criticism of 'market fundamentalism' topical, investigated thoroughly the transformation growth model of transition economy, has stressed the importance of culture and tradition ('today's capitalism destroys tradition') and again has affirmed social democratic principles: economy has to serve people, and not the other way round, people should come into focus, not goods. The reflection of transitional capitalism in the whole of SEE can be summarized in one sentence: 'indebted economy', economy which will be a burden to future generation is short - lived, the growth hasn't resulted in development. The transional and recessionary consequences have had the biggest impact on industrial systems. The foundations of global development architecture in next decades will be based in investments in new technology, innovation and human capital. Due to increasing industrial lagging behind, EU pays most attention to industrial policy (EU-2020). Besides macroeconomic transitional cross- cutting of the Serbian industry, the paper has focus one new model of industrial growth and elements of new Industrial Serbian Policy. Industrial Policy has to focus on the process of consistent implementation of structural reforms in order to create new competitive sustainable industrial structure.

La politique industrielle communautaire face aux restructurations : quelles interactions, quelle coordination, quelle cohérence ?

Les restructurations sont un phénomène complexe qui concerne toute l’Europe. Les analyses récentes des restructurations dans l’Union européenne s’inscrivent dans un processus de recherche de valeurs communautaires face à la mondialisation. La politique européenne déclenche et encadre les restructurations, au même titre que les niveaux local, régional, national et international. Cet article est divisé en deux parties. La première met en évidence la politique industrielle au sein de l’Union européenne : d’abord, en examinant le cadre normatif de la politique industrielle communautaire du point de vue du droit communautaire primaire ; ensuite, en appréhendant sa genèse normative dans le cadre des actes de droit communautaire dérivé. La seconde partie s’intéresse à la nécessité de construire une coordination des politiques européennes, donc aux interactions entre la politique industrielle communautaire et les phénomènes des restructurations en analysant les choix européens avant de conclure quant à la place de la politique industrielle dans l’anticipation des restructurations.

Pharmacologically active: clinical trials and the pharmaceutical industry.

Multinational pharmaceutical companies ( 'pharmas') import and produce pharmaceuticals and also conduct clinical trials which are an important aspect of research and development (R&D). This may raise the question: Is South Africa a guinea pig for the pharmas? The Department of Trade and Industry National Industrial Policy Framework(1) designates chemicals, plastic fabrication and pharmaceuticals as a key value chain. So a second question could be: Can South Africa be a manufacturer for the pharmas, or can it leverage strengths in medical research and the conducting of clinical trials so as to develop a discovery-led industry? This paper analyses and quantifies the state of the clinical trials industry in South Africa, and concludes that: (i) a sizeable clinical trials industry exists, and that these trials are predominantly phase 3 and global in scope; (ii) South Africa is not a specific or unique guinea pig--a range of conditions is studied as part of global trials; and (iii) while South Africa has excellent prospects for increased clinical trials activity, R&D investment is too low to make it a major pharmaceutical contender.

The absence of gender in South Africa's new industrial policy framework

abstract Though the new National Industrial Policy Framework (NIPF) is a step in the right direction towards diversifying the South African economy away from its mineral dependency, it is silent on gender issues. South Africa's industrial policy has never been gender sensitive. This has its roots in early industrialisation that was centred on the mining sector and the heavy resource processing industries that grow around it which were—and still are—male dominated. The policies that were implemented then entrenched an industrial structure that has remained static and gender-biased. Though there has been a growing awareness of the need to have gender-inclusive economic policies, it is argued that the failure of the new industrial policy framework to explicitly recognise gender relates to the way in which economists view men and women. Industrial policy like other economic policies tends to be influenced by economic theory, macroeconomics which focuses on non-gendered aggregates and microeconomics which assumes that men and women are homogenous in their preferences and endowments. This view tends to lead to economic policies that are genderblind. In the case of industrial policy, selecting sectors for intervention without a gender lens can further entrench the inequalities that exist between men and women at the industrial level. It is not sufficient for the industrial policy framework to assume that by targeting services sectors—such as business process outsourcing and hotel catering (tourism)—which tend to have a relatively large number of women, there is no need to outline explicitly how the policy will help reduce gender inequalities and increase the participation of women in the industrialisation process. This focus argues that, in order to fundamentally change the status quo, gender issues in industrial development should not ‘piggy back’ on major polices but should be integrated from the outset.

The causes and consequences of rent‐seeking in Northern Ireland, 1945–721

SUMMARYNorthern Ireland’s economic performance during the ‘golden age’ was weak. Crafts suggested that rent‐seeking was an important determinant of this poor record. This article offers support for such a conclusion. It is suggested that the growth record was shaped by British regulations preventing conflicts of ministerial interest not being made operational until 1963. This institutional divergence tended to promote rent‐seeking behaviour, which impeded the pursuit of an industrial policy that could promote economic efficiency. In 1963 the institutional structure and the industrial policy framework changed. These changes stimulated the pursuit of efficiency and contributed to an improved regional economic performance.

Technological development of Brazilian telecommunications in past decades

Brazilian telecommunications sector has undergone important modifications in the last 40 years. From a badly structured system of municipal level operators in 1960, with barely one million fixed lines to a large, nation-wide system with about 50 million fixed plus another 75 million mobile lines in 2005. This work paper reviews the institutional framework of telecommunications industrial and technological policy in Brazil in the last four decades, its results and present situation. Infrastructure and services modernisation and expansion process that happened in early 1970s were carried out at the expense of massive import of products and technology. A government strategy was, then, devised to stimulate local industrial and technological development in telecommunications, under the general guidelines of import substitution policy. Essential to this strategy was the creation of an innovation system around TELEBRÁS Research and Development Centre. This technological development model was successful while a protectionist economic policy existed. When economic and political circumstances could not anymore sustain an import substitution approach, in the 1990-decade, the model fell apart and has not been replaced by any other sectorial policy. A critical assessment is carried out, analysing the adopted actions in face of the digital technology maturing process that occurred in meantime.

Research and Innovation Policy : a Framework for Research-Based Industrial Policy in the United States

Under the Clinton Administration, the U.S. government began to focus on economic policies to encourage commercial innovation and the research base to support it. The principle policy tool is public-private partnerships, through which government funding agencies link national laboratories, universities and private firms in pairs. The most explicit program for government support of research in commercial firms is the Advanced Technology Program of the U.S. Commerce Department. It has proved ideologically controversial in the U.S., but represents a first attempt to reduce the risks associated with the transition of a technology-based commercial idea to first market entry.

The impact of industrial land use policy on industrial change

Change in the manufacturing structure is gaining momentum in many developed as well as developing countries because of the globalisation. As an advanced developing city-state, Singapore has been having the same experience. This paper explores the role of the industrial land market in the changing process of Singapore's manufacturing. In the background of land scarcity and rapid growth, it is found that changing price movements in the industrial property, formulated within the framework of industrial land use policy, have affected the manufacturing groupings unevenly and have thus led to structural changes in the use of industrial land and premises. Thus, the general trend of rising land costs has contributed, to some extent, to the restructuring of Singapore's manufacturing.

Government policy and performance of the Indian engineering industry

A major liberalization of the Indian industrial policy framework has been undertaken in the 1980s. The proponents of liberalization expected not only a general increase in the efficiency of Indian industry but also an improvement in its innovative performance. Detailed industry studies, as well as macro level data, suggest that the simultaneous liberalization of industrial licence and foreign technological collaboration policies resulted in a large scale entry of new firms into a range of industries. Industry structures, best characterized as miniature replications of the global industry were created. Chiefly in response to an inherently large demand for foreign disembodied technology in the Indian industrialization model, foreign technological collaborations became the overwhelming source of product technology. In the process, the Indian capital goods industry has been given the opportunity to better fulfil its role as diffuser of globally generated new technology to Indian customers. In doing so, the liberalization measures have been successful in improving the performance of Indian industry within the limits of an import substituting industrialization model. The extremely fierce competitive situation coupled with nearly free access to foreign technology has however not been associated with an improvement in the Indian engineering industry's innovative performance - indeed, the greater domestic competition has been associated with greater technology imports rather than greater in-house innovative efforts.

Developing an explanatory framework for industrial relations policy within the firm

Developing an explanatory framework for industrial relations policy within the firm