Industrial Manufacturing Technology Research Articles

Optimal energy distribution in hydraulic hammer forging for minimizing total energy and forging load

Hammer forging is an important manufacturing technology in heavy industry to produce high stiffness product. Forging using mechanical press produces the product by controlling the distance between dies whereas the hydraulic hammer forging utilizes the energy given by the sum of hydraulic energy and potential energy of die, and the product is then produced through several blows. The energy at each blow is conventionally determined through the trial-and-error method. The process to produce the product is simple and the response of hammer foundations and anvil is mainly discussed in the literature, but the optimal energy distribution to successfully produce the product is rarely discussed. In this paper, the optimal energy distribution in hydraulic hammer forging is determined using numerical simulation coupled with design optimization technique. To determine the optimal energy distribution through the process, multi-objective design optimization for minimizing both the total energy and the maximum forging load is performed. High dimensional accuracy is generally required in the forged product, and the underfill is handled as the design constraint. The numerical simulation in hydraulic hammer forging is computationally so expensive that sequential approximate optimization that response surface is repeatedly constructed and optimized is adopted to identify the pareto-frontier between the total energy and the maximum forging load. It is clarified through the numerical result that the total energy is drastically reduced without the underfill in comparison with the conventional one. The experiment is also conducted to examine the proposed approach.

The design and implementation of trajectory planning based on 4 DOF industrial robot

With the rapid progress of science and technology, industrial manufacturing and processing technology have also developed rapidly. Industrial robots are widely used in many industrial fields. In this paper, the design and implementation of trajectory planning based on 4 DOF industrial robot is accomplished. Firstly, trajectory planning of the 4 DOF industrial robot is analyzed. Secondly, the operation path is planned, and detailed operation steps are designed. Finally, the simulation verification process of trajectory planning for the 4 DOF industrial robot is completed, and some research results are obtained.

Industrial IoT system for laser-wire direct energy deposition: data collection and visualization of manufacturing process signals

Industry 4.0, also known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is a term used to describe the current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing and other industries. The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a crucial role in Industry 4.0 by connecting devices, machines, and products to the Internet and enabling real-time data exchange. Moreover, additive manufacturing is a key developing manufacturing technology in Industry 4.0. New technologies such as data analysis with Artificial Intelligence and machine vision are widely used in optimization. However, in a lab environment, these technologies depend on the data collected from the process. For such work, the researchers should be able to focus on their core research rather than on the development of infrastructure to collect and analyse the data. This research presents an open software and hardware IoT solution to monitor a laser wire direct energy deposition system installed in a cartesian type 3-axis machine tool. The IoT solution adopts three open-source tools for core issues, such as 1) interoperability, flexibility, and availability; 2) data storage; and 3) data visualization of sensor data and manufacturing process signals. The system architecture is based on one or more edge devices connected to sensors and forwarding their data toward a local API endpoint. The endpoint is created with Node-RED, an open-source visual flow-based development tool for IoT data. Node-RED forwards the data to an open-source InfluxDB database. Finally, the data is visualized with an open-source Grafana application. The system is prototyped, designed, implemented, and tested in a lab environment to monitor a laser-wire direct energy deposition process. The significance of such a flexible IoT data collection system for research and development projects can be integral. Thus, providing savings in time and money can substantially speed up the development of new technologies where the value arises from the sensor data and its analysis.

The effective practical application of modern intelligent manufacturing technology in textile and garment industry

The effective practical application of modern intelligent manufacturing technology in textile and garment industry

Kinematics Analysis and Modelling Based on 4 DOF Industrial Robot

With the rapid progress of science and technology, industrial manufacturing and processing technology have also developed rapidly. Industrial robots are widely used in many industrial fields. In this paper, based on the familiarity with the structure and principle of the 4 DOF industrial robot, combined with the virtual simulation platform, the kinematics analysis, modelling, and simulation of the 4 DOF industrial robot are studied. Firstly, the structure of the 4 DOF industrial robot is analyzed, the coordinate transformation is studied, and the coordinate transformation simulation is designed. Secondly, D-H parameter modeling and modelling simulation are achievements. Finally, the kinematic analysis and modeling are completed, and some research results are obtained.

DTAIS: Distributed trusted active identity resolution systems for the Industrial Internet

In recent years, the Industrial Internet and Industry 4.0 came into being. With the development of modern industrial intelligent manufacturing technology, digital twins, Web3 and many other digital entity applications are also proposed. These applications apply architectures such as distributed learning, resource sharing, and arithmetic trading, which make high demands on identity authentication, asset authentication, resource addressing, and service location. Therefore, an efficient, secure, and trustworthy Industrial Internet identity resolution system is needed. However, most of the traditional identity resolution systems follow DNS architecture or tree structure, which has the risk of a single point of failure and DDoS attack. And they cannot guarantee the security and privacy of digital identity, personal assets, and device information. So we consider a decentralized approach for identity management, identity authentication, and asset verification. In this paper, we propose a distributed trusted active identity resolution system based on the inter-planetary file system (IPFS) and non-fungible token (NFT), which can provide distributed identity resolution services. And we have designed the system architecture, identity service process, load balancing strategy and smart contract service. In addition, we use Jmeter to verify the performance of the system, and the results show that the system has good high concurrent performance and robustness.

Advanced Study of Optical Imaging Systems for Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays

Driven by the rapid innovation of science and technology and industrial manufacturing technology, virtual reality display technology has developed rapidly. At present, the application of virtual reality display technology is expanding in many fields such as military, medical, aviation and education. This paper analyzes the imaging principle of the human vision system and the optical performance requirements of VR heads-up display, summarizes the current design scheme of VR heads-up optical imaging system, focuses on the principle and index parameters of each optical system, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different schemes. The development prospects and directions of virtual reality headset displays are also prospected.

Pulsed Electrophoretic Deposition of Nanocarbons and Their Optical, Thermal, and Electrical Applications

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a well-established, scalable industrial manufacturing technology for depositing a wide variety of coatings across a broad range of substrates, geometries and sizes. Conventional electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is the migration of small, suspended particles in a liquid driven by a constant electrical potential difference. As a subset of electrodeposition, EPD has been used to deposit layers on various conducting and semiconducting surfaces from polar, aqueous, and non-polar suspensions. On the other hand, state of the art developments within nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened a new vista for the field of nanocarbon materials. Nanostructured carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon quantum dots, etc., exhibit excellent physical and chemical properties, and have been gaining attention in both fundamental research and technological applications.In this invited presentation, Faraday Technology will discuss an innovative electrophoretic deposition (EPD) manufacturing process, based on the use of pulsed electric fields, for controlled, reproducible, scalable deposition of a wide variety of nanocarbon based coatings across a broad range of substrates, geometries and sizes (Figure 1). The effects of waveforms, electrolytes, substrates, etc. on the formation of robust and uniform coating will be discussed in this talk. The optical and electrical properties, and environmental survivability of nanocarbon coatings will be demonstrated via a variety of testing or characterizations. Faraday will also introduce their applications ranging from low-reflective coatings, solar absorber, high emissivity coatings, to thin film electrodes for energy storage.In summary, a scalable EPD manufacturing process for fabricating nanocarbon based coatings have been developed at Faraday for various applications ranging from optical, thermal, to electrical fields. Acknowledgements: The financial support from NASA SBIR program through contracts No. 80NNSC18P2062 & 80NSSC19C0177, DOD DMEA STTR program through grant No. HQ0727-21-P-0029, DARPA SBIR program through grant No. W31P4Q-22-C-0014, DOD MDA STTR program through grant No. HQ0147-19-C-7065, DOD Air Force SBIR program through grant No. FA9453-19-P-0573, NASA SBIR program through contracts No. 80NSSC20C0287 are acknowledged. Figure 1

Minimize the Production Cost of Extrusion‐Based AM Parts by Optimizing Their Internal Building Geometry

AbstractThe evolution and the establishment of additive manufacturing (AM) technology in industry over the last decade is aided mostly by new materials which are developed in parallel with advanced Αμ techniques and machines that use a wide variety of simple or blend polymers and metals. Nevertheless, the future of Αμ technology is based on the further reduction of production costs as well as the increase of the quality and durability of the produced parts. Although, the durability of AM parts proves to depend mostly on the mechanical properties of the materials and the way their geometry is deployed internally, recent studies show that building parameters such as the infill pattern and the infill density, which are defined through specialized software of AM machines, have a great impact on the total cost and the durability of parts as they shape the internal structure affecting the amount of mass the strength, the compression resistance, and the stiffness. However, the software that accompanies AM machines have limited capabilities and influence on these parameters since they are not able to define more than one pattern for a part or multiple shell thickness. The current study is concerned with the decrease of the production cost of products made with extrusion‐based AM process by minimizing the mass and controlling the durability using the meaning of design intent, while maintaining the quality and the dimensions of the outer surface of parts and allows the creation of heterogeneous objects with new improved internal structure.

Formulation of research and development strategy by analysing patent portfolios of key players the semiconductor industry according to patent strength and technical function

Silicon wafer is the base material of chips and is an important manufacturing technology in semiconductor industry. This research conducts international patent analysis of five major patentees, SUMCO, Shin-Etsu, GlobalWafers, Siltronic, and SK Siltron, also the top five global silicon wafer manufacturers in the world, in order to get research and development strategy.Qualitative and quantitative analysis of technology and means on entire industry as well as individual companies are visualized by technology means matrix, comprehensiveness, and relative patent advantage index. Two categories of indicators of “Patent Portfolio Strength” and “Patented Technology Strength” are calculated, and the patent portfolios of assignees are shown on 2D map.The results demonstrated by taking the GlobalWafers as an example to formulate its R&D strategy, it is lack of patent at manufacturing apparatus, raw material manufacturing, and inspection method, and lack of function objective at melt level, crystallographic, and crucible improvement. These may be the points of breaking through technical barriers. It is good suggestion to increase the average number of independent claims and the ratio of PCT applications to improve the quality of international patent portfolios. The advice from patent technology strength analyses is that it needs to develop more advanced technology.

The Recent Progress of Lithography Machine and the State-of-art Facilities

With the rapid development of industrial intelligent manufacturing and electronic information technology, the importance of integrated circuits has grown fast. Photolithography, as the core technology of integrated circuit industry, has become a key research target for researchers all over the world. In this paper, we provide a brief introduction to photolithography as well as an outlook on the future development direction. Firstly, the key metric of lithography system, which is resolution, and how it relates to lithographic performance is analyzed. Secondly, some exposure methods developed on UV and DUV light sources are discussed, which are commonly used in the industry nowadays. Subsequently, this paper presents the structure and performance of some representative lithography equipment. Then, some summarizations are completed about the most recent advances in EUV lithography and high NA lithography. Finally, we examine the limitations of current lithography and forecast the future of lithography. The goal of this paper is to provide a guide on lithography equipment, particularly the most advanced products available nowadays. Additionally, some potential challenges that photolithography may face in its future development are highlighted, and some perspectives on how photolithography will evolve over the next decade are provided. These results shed light on guiding the future development direction of lithography machine as well as ways to push Moore’s law even further.

Preface

The 2022 2nd International Conference on Industrial Manufacturing and Structural Materials (IMSM 2022) was planned to be held on March 25-27, 2022 in Hangzhou, China. Due to the impact of COVID-19, many communities from all over the world were under strict health measures and strict travel restrictions, and participants of IMSM 2022 also meet with the difficulty of travel restrictions. According to the current epidemic prevention policy in Mainland China, our meeting was a virtual conference. IMSM is an annual conference which explored the development and implications in the related fields of Industrial Manufacturing and Structural Materials with an objective to present the novel and fundamental advancements. IMSM is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Industrial Manufacturing and Structural Materials to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities industrial manufacturing and structural materials and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. In the second part, we invited two professors as our keynote speakers. Prof. Quanxin Zhu, Hunan Normal University, China, performed a speech: Stability and event-triggered control of stochastic nonlinear delay systems. And then we had Prof. Kamal Z. ZAMLI, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the third session of the conference. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge. The proceedings are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. Topics include but are not limited to the following areas: Industrial Manufacturing Technology, Structural Materials and other related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard. We would like to acknowledge all of those who supported IMSM 2022. The help and contribution of each individual and institution was instrumental in the success of the conference. In particular, we would like to thank the organizing committee for its valuable inputs in shaping the conference program and reviewing the submitted papers. We sincerely hope that the IMSM 2022 turned out to be a forum for excellent discussions that enabled new ideas to come about, promoting collaborative research. We are sure that the proceedings will serve as an important research source of references and knowledge, which will lead to not only scientific and engineering findings but also new products and technologies. The Committee of IMSM 2022 Committee member are available in the pdf

Mobility Enhancement in P-Type SnO Thin-Film Transistors via Ni Incorporation by Co-Sputtering

Oxide semiconductors have been considered one of the most promising candidates for flexible electronics applications owing to their low process temperatures and good reliability. However, the low mobility of p-type oxide semiconductors limits the performance of flexible oxide-TFT-based CMOS technology. In this study, p-type SnO_<i>x</i>:Ni thin films were deposited by reactive rf magnetron co-sputtering, a technique compatible with the current industrial semiconductor manufacturing technology, from Sn and Ni targets. As the Ni-gun power increased, the distribution of Ni in the SnO_<i>x</i>:Ni thin film changed from a more uniform dispersion to nanoclusters, resulting in the crystalline phase transition of SnO_<i>x</i>:Ni from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-SnO (110)-dominant polycrystalline to amorphous and then to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-SnO (101)-dominant polycrystalline. A high-mobility inverted-staggered p-type SnO_<i>x</i>:Ni TFT was then fabricated on a glass substrate with a maximum process temperature of 225&#x00B0;C, which is compatible with flexible polymeric substrates. The TFT fabricated at an optimal Ni-gun power of 42 W exhibited an impressive field-effect mobility of 11 cm²V^&#x2212;1s^&#x2212;1 and on current of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$35.2 ~\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> per channel width-to-length ratio; these values are comparable to those of a typical n-type oxide TFT. These results should contribute toward flexible oxide-TFT-based CMOS technology.

Multi-objective optimization of laser welding process parameters: The trade-offs between energy consumption and welding quality

Laser welding, a key and competitive technology for advanced industrial manufacturing is powered by energy. With increasing attention to energy management and environmental protection in manufacturing, reducing energy consumption is imperative. However, the traditional optimization of laser welding has been mainly focused on welding quality without considering the total energy consumption of all components. Thus, this paper researches the relationship between welding quality and energy consumption by optimizing process parameters during the 2 mm thickness 6061 aluminum alloy laser welding. Firstly, a three-factor, three-level experiment using Central Composite Design (CCD) is constructed. Secondly, Kriging models are employed to construct the models between process parameters and objectives. Finally, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-III (NSGA-III) is utilized to minimize energy consumption while maintaining good welding quality. The study shows that compared to the initial scenario, optimization can reduce energy consumption while increasing welding quality.

Performance of first Bi-2212 cable with pre-over pressure and over pressure heat treatment

Due to the excellent current carrying performance of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) and the development of its industrial manufacturing technology, Bi-2212 is a promising material to be developed as superconductor for application in fusion reactor magnets. The cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) concept is often chosen for the development of large-scale magnets because of their high stability. Bi-2212 is presently the only kind of copper oxide superconducting material which can be made into solid round wire, which provides a good basis for developing CICCs. The over pressure (OP) heat treatment can significantly improve the superconducting performance of Bi-2212 wires but it also reduces the wire diameter by ∼5%. This leads to an increase of the void fraction of CICCs, typically from 30% to 40% for a CICC with ITER scale dimensions. A pre-OP heat treatment before OP is proposed in this study. The reduction of the wire diameter can be completed before the formation of the continuous superconducting phase, which would dramatically decrease the CICC void fraction. One Bi-2212 cable consisting of 84 wires, was first pre-OP heat treated successfully and after completing the OP heat treatment, the cable’s transport performance was tested. The results showed good performance with a critical current (I c) of 35.7 kA at 5.8 T background field in 4.2 K, which is consistent with the predication.

Preface

Due to the outbreak of the global pandemic (COVID-19), 2021 International Conference on Industrial Manufacturing and Structural Materials (IMSM 2021) was held virtually online on September 17-19, 2021. The decision to hold the virtual conference was made in compliance with many restrictions and regulations that were imposed by countries around the globe. Such restrictions were made to minimize the risk of people contracting or spreading the COVID-19 through physical contact. There were 50 individuals who attended this online conference, represented many countries including China, Algeria, Malaysia, and Russia.IMSM 2021 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Industrial Manufacturing and Structural Materials to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities industrial manufacturing and structural materials and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world.During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. In the second part, we invited two professors as our keynote speakers. Prof. Feng Wen, from Hainan University, China. His primarily developing wide interests in research on Micro/Nano-scaled thin films and surface modification of materials. And then we had Prof. Kamal Z. ZAMLI, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the third session of the conference. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.The proceedings are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. Topics include but are not limited to the following areas: Industrial Manufacturing Technology, Structural Materials and other related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.We would like to acknowledge all of those who supported IMSM 2021. The help and contribution of each individual and institution was instrumental in the success of the conference. In particular, we would like to thank the organizing committee for its valuable inputs in shaping the conference program and reviewing the submitted papers.We sincerely hope that the IMSM 2021 turned out to be a forum for excellent discussions that enabled new ideas to come about, promoting collaborative research. We are sure that the proceedings will serve as an important research source of references and knowledge, which will lead to not only scientific and engineering findings but also new products and technologies.The Committee of IMSM 2021List of Committee member are available in this pdf.

Correlational investigation of manufacturing technology and environmental impact in an agricultural machinery industry

&lt;p&gt;There is a relation between the environmental impacts to the high emissions in the environment and the natural resources depletion, which can be measured with the useful life of the products, affected by the manufacturing technologies and the sustainable development. In this background, the present article aims to evaluate the environmental impact generated by the manufacturing technology in an agricultural machinery industry, in the grain trailer production, regarding the lifecycle from the cradle to the gate. The study consists in a practical adoption in the industry, where the product and the production flow were identified, the inventory analysis was performed and later the environmental impact was evaluated, considering three categories of ending damage (endpoint): human health, ecosystem and the scarcity of resources, in addition to twenty-two environmental impact categories (midpoint). There is a strong correlation among the use of carbon steel and stainless, the laser machining process and the environmental impact, where the human health damage category is the most impacted in the carbon dioxide element, gas associated to the greenhouse effect. The consumerism of the natural resources for the energy generation is the category which most affected in the scarcity of the fossil resources.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D;

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Impact of PM2.5 environmental regulation based on big data for green technology development

China has received widespread attention in recent years due to the severe PM2.5 problem. Although paying close attention to the government, the government felt immense pressure to adopt a range of corrective measures and policies, but the impact of these measures and policies was not clear and citizens were not happy with the governance status of PM2.5. The biggest issue with PM2.5 management is the lack of environmental law enforcement. Many emerging technologies have arisen as a result of economic growth, and these technologies play a major role in gathering information and processing information and enhancing the quality of information. Therefore, we analyzes and explores the emerging ideas and approaches of these technologies and assesses the evolution of these technologies. It is obvious that the combination of big data technology and industrial green manufacturing technology is slow, and it is necessary to combine industrial green manufacturing enterprises and big data technology with artificial intelligence. In order to improve the current severe environmental problems, we have discussed technical advances and improved business efficiency such as development trend of green technology production based on big data technology, integration and innovation of big data technology and green technology, enriching environmental regulatory forms and participating entities, and PM2.5 environmental regulation strategy and recommendations for green technology advancement based on big data.

A knowledge base model of integral impeller milling process based on Teamcenter platform

As an important foundation of integral impeller milling manufacturing, integral impeller milling process knowledge plays a significant role in design and production. With the rapid development of aerospace industry and intelligent manufacturing technology, it is very urgent to construct knowledge base of milling process for typical integral impeller structure. Based on the analysis of typical milling process knowledge of integral impeller, the study proposes a model of knowledge base of milling process of integral impeller based on Teamcenter platform, which can effectively realize the sharing and reuse of knowledge of integral impeller milling process.

Investigation into effects of cooling rate on properties of polyamide 12 parts in the multi jet fusion process

PurposeMulti jet fusion is an industrial additive manufacturing technology characterised by high building speed and considerable properties of the parts. The cooling phase represents a crucial step to determine productivity, since it can take up to 4.5 times the building time. The purpose of this paper is to investigate into effects of cooling rate on parts manufactured by multi jet fusion. Crystallinity, density, distortions and mechanical properties of specimens produced through an HP multi jet fusion 4200 are examined.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental activity is carried out on specimens cooled down at three different rates. Properties of the parts are analysed by means of differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, three-dimensional scanning and tensile testing.Originality/valueThe present work makes a contribution to the body of knowledge providing correlations between the cooling phase of multi jet fusion and part properties. These results can be used to choose the right balance between production time and product quality.