Industrial Liquid Waste Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Green Scallop Shell Chitosan as Coagulant in Treatment of Tofu Industrial Liquid Waste

<p>Tofu waste is gotten after processing soybean, and this waste contains a lot of polluting substances, hence it can pollute rivers and cause health problems. Meanwhile, one method used for treating wastewater into clean water is called the jartest method and its processes include coagulation-flocculation and deposition. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of green mussel shells as coagulants in the treatment of tofu industrial liquid waste. The variables used were 100 mesh green mussel shell powder, 1000 mL of liquid tofu dregs, 150 rpm fast stirring speed for 2 minutes, and 60 rpm slow stirring speed for 15 minutes. Furthermore, chitosan was used with different weight variations in grams (0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, and 1.3) as well as precipitation time with variations in minutes (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60). The content of Chitosan water was 1.29% and its degree of deacetylation was 65.04%. The result of the preliminary analysis of tofu liquid waste with a coagulant showed BOD, COD, and TSS levels of 965.25mg/L, 435mg/L, and 395mg/L with pH 4 respectively. However, these levels were changed to 195.56mg / L; 299mg/L; and 195.32 mg/L with pH 6 after the final analysis of the liquid waste was conducted.</p>

The Effectiveness of Water Treatment in the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of the Tempe Industry and Benefits to the Community

The results of the tempe-making process will produce waste that is harmful to theenvironment from the washing, boiling, pressing and printing processes. The tempeindustry in Plaju ulu village is a source of community income. Tempe industryactivities produce waste that can pollute the environment, causing unpleasant odors.The wastewater treatment plant built by Pertamina RU 3 Plaju has a positive impactin reducing the impact of the tempe industry liquid waste. The formulation of theproblem raised (1) The results of the effectiveness of the Plaju Tempe IndustryWWTP. (2) Recommendations for WWTP technology that can be used in the PlajuTempe Industry. The parameters used to measure the quality of the effluent are pH(degree of acidity), COD, BOD, TSS, and (Total Suspended Solid) during July andAugust 2022. To determine the quality of wastewater produced, data fromlaboratory test results must be compared with quality standards. waste water inaccordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic ofIndonesia No. 5 of 2014. From the results of the processing effectiveness, theeffectiveness of COD, BOD, and TSS was found to be 53.81%; 11.05%; and 22.65%.From the results of this processing, it is still considered not able to reduce thepollutants generated from the tempe industry activities. The pH and TSS parametersstill do not meet the quality standards. The recommended waste treatment isanaerobic biofiltration, anaerobic digester, and phytoremediation in improving theparameters of pH, COD, BOD, and TSS in the tempe-making industry

PENYULUHAN DAN PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI CITARUM MELALUI PEMANFAATAN ECENG GONDOK DAN PENATAAN LINGKUNGAN DAS CITARUM

In Sukaluyu Village as well as along the Citarum Karawang watershed area there are lots of water hyacinth plants, can absorb pollutants contained in wastewater while reducing the amount of water hyacinth in the waters, is a solution that can be applied in the village. Utilization of water hyacinth as an adsorbent is also one of the appropriate technologies in environmental conservation. Likewise, the arrangement of the Citarum watershed environment will make the living environment more beautiful and comfortable. For this reason, it is important to conduct counseling and training to the community to be able to use water hyacinth leaves as an adsorbent that can be used as a material for purifying wastewater that pollutes the Citarum River. The methods used were socialization and training on the use of adsorbents from water hyacinth leaves and online landscape plant design. The goal is to invite the people of Sukaluyu Village to actively participate in creating a clean and comfortable environment. The results of the implementation of this PKM activity can be concluded that this PKM activity can add insight to the members of the Environmental Friendly Community and the community in Sukaluyu Village, Teluk Jambe Timur District, Karawang Regency regarding the processing of domestic and industrial liquid waste that contains B3, especially regarding the use of water hyacinth leaves as adsorbent and structuring the Citarum watershed environment to create a comfortable and prosperous living environment.

Penggunaan limbah organik cair pabrik kelapa sawit dan industri tahu dalam meningkatkan kualitas fisikokimia dan stok karbon tanah haplustepts

The soil type of Haplustepts found in Reuleut, Aceh Utara, possessed low fertility. However, it still has potential for agriculture development through organic matter application, both solid and liquid, to improve its soil qualities. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Tofu Industry Liquid Waste (TOFU) on the changes in soil physicochemical properties and soil organic carbon stock (SOCs) of Haplustepts. The study was designed using a Factorial Randomized Block Design, comprising two factors and three replications. The first factor was POME with three different doses: S0 (0 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume), S1 (1.62 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume), and S2 (3.24 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume). The second factor was TOFU comprising three different doses: T0 (0 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume), T1 (2.7 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume), and T2 (5.4 L/27,000 cm3 of soil volume). The results indicated that different doses of POME and TOFU applied were non-significant on soil aggregate, bulk density, and soil water availability in Haplustepts. Similar results were recorded on organic-C content, soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and SOCs. Although insignificant, the value of soil aggregate stability and SOCs increased as the doses of POME and TOFU increased. The indicators of these insignificant results were the different doses applied, high soil water content, and a short period of POME and TOFU incubation.

Characteristics of spraying and ignition of coal-water fuels based on lignite and liquid pyrolysis products of wood waste

In the modern realities of the energy market, the use of coal-water slurries with liquid industrial waste is a promising way to solve several problems (economic, environmental and energy). This article presents the results of experimental studies of the characteristics of spraying and ignition of promising coal-water slurries. Lignite, water and liquid pyrolysis products of wood waste were used as fuel components. It was found that substitution of 10% of coal with liquid pyrolysis products of wood waste decreases the dynamic viscosity of the fuel by 3.2 times in comparison with two-component coal-water fuel. Density for all the slurries studied (changes in the mass of the components: coal – from 40 to 50%; water – from 40 to 50%; pyrogenetic liquid – from 0 to 10%) differs by no more than 22%. Introduction of liquid pyrolysis products of wood waste into the coal-water fuel composition significantly changes the jet structure. Its characteristic parts – core, middle and peripheral zones – increase. The number of droplets with high velocities (30–40 m/s) increases significantly. The average size of fuel droplets in the jet decreases by 5–12% in comparison with two-component coal-water fuel. Ignition delay time of a single droplet of slurry at oxidizer temperature 1273 K increases by 23% in comparison with two-component coal-water fuel when 10% of coal is replaced by liquid pyrolysis products. In the case of water substitution with the same amount of the third component, the ignition delay time at an oxidizer temperature of 1273 K decreases by 26%. The most preferred of the studied coal-water fuels, from the point of view of application in the energy sector, are those in which water is replaced by the same amount of liquid pyrolysis products of wood waste.

EXTRACTION OF IONS OF SOME TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND THEIR AMMONIA COMPLEXES FROM SOLUTIONS ON Na-CLINOPTYLOLITE AND Na-MORDENITE

Modified natural zeolites in the Na-form (clinoptilolite tuff of the Aydag and mordenite of the Chananab deposits in Azerbaijan) were studied in order to extract cations of the transition and heavy metals water and industrial liquid waste. The equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of the sorption process under static and dynamic conditions have been studied. Distribution isotherms of exchange ions between Na forms of zeolites with chloride (Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Сd2+) and nitric acid (Hg+, Ag+) solutions have been obtained. It has been found that the increased selectivity of Na-zeolites to metal cations is due to their pronounced selectivity with respect to Ag+ ions over the entire range of concentration changes in solution and solid phase, as well as to cations in the ammonium form ([Ni(NH3)6]2+, [Co(NH3)6]2+, [Cu(NH3)4]2+, [Cd(NH3)6]2+, [Zn(NH3)4]2+) from low selectivity and selectivity to cations in the usual form. This fact makes it possible to extract the studied cations from the mixture in the form of ammonia, in accordance with the established range of selectivity of Na-zeolites to non-ferrous cations and their ammonia complexes

Heavy metal concentrations levels in groundwater and wastewater sources in parts of Trans-Amadi, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

This research assesses the concentration levels of heavy metals in parts of Trans-Amadi Layout, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Standard sampling and analytical method were employed in the study. Geochemically significant concentrations of lead (Pb2+) and iron (Fe²+ and Fe³+) prevail in about 70% of the functioning domestic water supply wells in Trans Amadi, Port Harcourt, while traces of Mercury and Arsenic (with relatively high concentration of lead and Iron) characterize industrial effluent liquid wastes (usually discharged untreated into the environment). The major industries in Trans Amadi industrial layout area of Port Harcourt ( in addition to breweries and mineral water industries) produce wide range of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and textiles, with elevated potential to release chemical waste such as oxides of mercury, iron and titanium; silicates of magnesium and aluminum, phosphates; and sulphates (such as FeSO4 used as coagulates in water treatment) into the environment of common sight along the streets and waste sites are metallic cans from food items, old and worn out rubber, leather and machine parts, variable sizes of broken metallic, plastic and asbestos pipes and enamel wares, as well as a wide range of used textile materials. Enrichment of heavy metallic ions in urban waters in non-mineralized areas is controlled by chemical activities on these wastes. Liquid wastes from industrial and municipal sources are commonly discharged (untreated) along road sides and streets where they constitute shallow ponds, or flow at a very slow rate (depending on flow volume and slope) to a distant termination point (mostly the river and stream flow channels). The liquid wastes, with suspended gaseous wastes from automobiles and industrial and domestic machine engines, are linked to the groundwater zone through recharge by meteoric waters. This accounts for the worrisome concentration of lead (Pb) in the groundwater in the area, without geologically-proven mineralization of lead and base metals.

Pengaruh EM4 Terhadap Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Menjadi Pupuk Organik Cair

Household waste contains high enough organic pollutants which can be used as raw material for liquid organic fertilizer. The addition of EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) in the manufacture of fertilizers aims to accelerate the process of making organic fertilizers effectively and EM4 can also improve the quality of the fertilizer. The method used in the manufacture of this fertilizer is an anaerobic method. The tofu industry liquid waste is accommodated in tubs that have been labeled A and B. Then the same treatment is given, namely the addition of 750 mL of coconut water for every 3 liters of tofu industrial liquid waste and 90 grams of granulated sugar in each tub. In the tub labeled B, 90 mL of EM4 was added. The tub to which these ingredients have been added is then closed tightly and fermented for 14 days. Parameters tested include pH, temperature and also levels of C-Organic. After 14 days of fermentation, the pH obtained was 4. The pH of the liquid organic fertilizer decreased because the C-Organic decomposed in the fermentation of this liquid organic fertilizer into organic acids. C-Organic content after fermentation for sample A was 0.57% and C-Organic content for sample B was 0.42%. The low levels of C-Organic are due to the addition of EM4 during the fermentation process which can break down compounds such as carbohydrates and proteins into simpler compounds that can later be utilized by plants. This standard of liquid organic fertilizer is adjusted to the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture no. 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Liquid organic fertilizer with the addition of EM4 will affect the yield of C-Organic content.

Processing of low-density waste in fluidized bed made out of lightweight expanded clay aggregate

The main aim of the study is to obtain a new, innovative method for the organization of combustion processes in fluidized bed reactors. A key aspect of the change in the organization of the fluidized bed combustion process is the creation of a fluidized bed made out of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA). The new fluidized bed has a density of 0.5 g/cm3, therefore, allowing for thermal processing of low-density solid and liquid industrial wastes, as well as waste biomass. Polyolefins (polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polypropylene homopolymer) were selected as examples of low-density solid wastes. The use of an innovative fluidized bed for liquid waste degradation was studied on the example of glycerol combustion. Waste wood chips were chosen to represent low-density biomass. Thermal degradation of selected materials in the fluidized bed made out of LECA was carried out at a temperature range of 500–900 °C with an interval of 100 °C. Video analysis of the fluidized bed surface proved the sinking of waste materials into the bed and significant elimination of diffusion flames in the freeboard. Qualitative and quantitative flue gas analysis was carried out using the FTIR spectrometer. More than 95% conversion of the carbon contained in the polyolefins to CO2 was achieved already at 700 °C. At 500 °C, more than 30% of the polymeric carbon left the reactor as aromatic compounds. To avoid the emission of harmful aldehydes during the thermal processing of glycerol, the bed should be heated to at least 800 °C. Waste wood chips as an alternative fuel can be thermally incinerated in the fluidized bed made out of LECA. The disappearance of volatile organic compounds and CO emissions occurred at 700 °C and 800 °C.

Conjugated polyaniline derivative membranes enable ultrafast nanofiltration and organic-solvent nanofiltration

The separation and recovery of small molecules from aqueous or organic solvents via engineered membranes are facing huge challenge. Herein, conjugated polyaniline derivative membranes were designed through the polymerization of ammonia-rich monomers and post-crosslinking treatment, exhibiting superior performance for ultrafast nanofiltration (NF) and organic-solvent nanofiltration (OSNF). Specifically, p -phenylenediamine (pPD), as one of aniline derivative with conjugate structure was in-situ growth onto porous substrate to fabricate PpPD/HPAN NF membrane, showing ultrahigh water permeance of 297 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 , congo red (CR) and direct red 23 (DR23) rejections above 98.5%. The separation mechanisms of PpPD/HPAN NF membrane were controlled by the co-effects of size sieving and charge repulsion, which had potential application prospects for dye removal and desalination. Subsequently, the chain-like polymer PpPD was post-crosslinking treated by trimesoyl chloride (TMC) to generate (PpPD-TMC)/HPAN OSNF membrane with rigid interconnected network structure, which displayed excellent permeance to organic solvent with ethanol permeance up to 242 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 , and CR rejection of ∼90%. The solvent's permeance was inversely proportional to solvent's viscosity, and the separation mechanism was mainly controlled by size sieving effect. Furthermore, a two-stage OSNF process was designed and operated with simulated industrial waste liquid, successfully achieving 75% solute recovery and 60% solvent recovery after the 1 st and 2 nd stage treatments. • Ultrafast conjugated NF membrane fabricated by in-situ growth of aniline derivative. • Post-crosslinking treatment of poly- p -phenylenediamine being capable for OSNF process. • Two-staged OSNF process achieving 75% solute recovery and 60% solvent recovery.

Treatment of pyridine in industrial liquid waste by atmospheric DC water plasma

Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic compound with high toxicity, widely found in liquid waste from industrial processes. The treatment of highly-concentrated pyridine was demonstrated using a novel mist-type water thermal plasma torch. Decomposition rate and TOC removal rate were more than 94% in all conditions, while the max energy efficiency reached about 23 g/kWh. With a high temperature of 5500–7500 K, more than 95% of carbon content in pyridine was converted into valuable gas products, while a little amount of formic acid and acetic acid were observed as liquid by-products. The production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) during the thermal decomposition of pyridine was observed, which can be inhibited by increasing the input power. Based on the experimental results, detailed decomposition mechanisms in the high-temperature and the downstream region were discussed respectively. Water plasma shows significant potential in the treatment of non-biodegradable industrial liquid waste.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Clay Fraction of the Euphrates River Sediments, AlQaim, Haditha Area, Western Desert Iraq

Clay fractions (<2µm) from ten stream sediments were collected from the Euphrates River between AlQaim-Haditha area in the western desert of Iraq. The clay fractions were analyzed for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The aim of this research is to study the extent to which the industrial waste liquids from chemical complex of phosphates pollute stream sediments of Euphrates River. The total metal concentrations in the clay fraction are placed in the following descending order: Sr> Zn> Cr> Ni> Co> Pb> Cu> Cd. Contamination factor pollution load index, geo-accumulation index, the metal contamination index, and potential ecological risk index were calculated to evaluate the environmental impacts of these heavy metals. The study area was found to be highly contaminated with Cd and Ni, moderately contaminated with Co, Pb and Sr, and uncontaminated with Cr, Cu and Zn. 100% of Cd and 93% of Sr were concentrated in the extracted part of the clay fraction, suggesting that Cd is totally derived from the industrial and human activities in the studied area, and Sr which can be attributed to the carbonates of Euphrates Formation as its source which dominate the geology of the area.

Effect of Tofu Industrial Liquid Waste Disposal on Well Water Quality

The liquid waste of the tofu industry around residential area will affect the quality of their well water. This study was aimed to determine the effect of the tofu industry wastewater on wells located around the tofu industry at different distances. This study took 3 well water samples from 3 well sources with a distance of 10 meters from the tofu industry, 20 meters from the tofu industry, and 30 meters from the tofu industry. The well water samples were examined at the Health Laboratory of Sukoharjo Regency to determine the physicochemical properties such as odor, taste, color, temperature, turbidity, and amount of dissolved solids, such as iron, manganese, chloride, hardness as CaCO3, pH, and sulfate, as well as biological contamination such as coliform and feces. From the results of this study, it was found that the quality of well water around the tofu industry located in Madegondo Grogol Sukoharjo Village is only suitable for bathing and washing but is not suitable for consumption in accordance with the quality standards of clean water quality in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 32 2017.
 AbstrakLimbah cair industri tahu yang ada disekitar rumah warga akan mempengaruhi kualitas air sumur warga sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari limbah cair industri tahu terhadap sumur yang terletak di sekitar industri tahu tersebut dengan jarak yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel air sumur sejumlah 3 dari 3 sumber sumur dengan jarak 10 meter dari industri tahu, 20 meter dari industri tahu, dan 30 meter dari industri tahu. Sampel air sumur tersebut kami uji di Laboratorium Kesehatan Kabupaten Sukoharjo untuk mengetahui kelayakan fisik seperti bau, rasa, warna, suhu, kekeruhan, dan jumlah zat padat terlarut, kelayakan kimiawi seperti besi, mangan, khlorida, kesadahan sebagai CaCO3, pH, dan sulfat, dan kelayakan bakteriologi seperti coliform dan colitinja. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut didapatkan hasil bahwa kualitas air sumur di sekitar industri tahu yang terletak di Desa Madegondo Grogol Sukoharjo hanya layak digunakan untuk mandi dan mencuci namun tidak layak untuk dikonsumsi sesuai dengan standar baku mutu kualitas air bersih sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2017.

Study of the Effect of Leucine on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in a Circular Economy Perspective

This paper studies the crystallization of calcium carbonate in the presence of leucine—a green additive. The effect of leucine on calcium carbonate precipitation kinetic is particularly interesting since CaCO3 is a valuable product worthy to be recovered from industrial liquid wastes (e.g., desalination brines) in the circular economy approach. Experiments have been performed in a laboratory scale plant with a supersaturation range which spams from 2 to 120 and two different leucine concentration (0.520 × 10−3 and 1.041 × 10−3 mol/L). Results obtained have been compared with previous published ones, carried out without any additives. From the measurements of induction times for calcium carbonate nucleation, it was established that in solution, the leucine favors the precipitation of calcium carbonate, so it can be considered a promoter in calcium carbonate crystallization and this behavior enhances when raising its concentration in solution. Interfacial tension was determined for both leucine concentration levels, and the values obtained are in the range 51–84 mJ/m2.

Anaerobic biofilm enriched with an ammonia tolerant methanogenic consortium to improve wastewater treatment in the fishing industry.

The digestion efficiency of liquid industrial wastes increases when using bioreactors colonized by microbial biofilms. High concentrations of proteins derived from the fish processing industry lead to the production of ammonia, which inhibits methane production. Two bioreactors were constructed to compare methanogenic activity: one enriched with mMPA (methylaminotrofic methane production archaea) consortia (control bioreactor), and the second with NH3 tolerant consortia (treatment bioreactor). Ammonia tolerant activity was assessed by applying an ammonia shock (755mg NH3/L). Methane production, consumption of total organic carbon (TOC) and the taxonomic composition of bacteria and archaea was evaluated using 16S rDNA in the acclimatization, ammonia shock, and recovery phases.The ammonia shock significantly affected both methane production and the consumption of TOC in the control reactor (p < 0.05) and taxonomical composition of the microbial consortia (OTU). These values remained constant in the treatment reactor. The analysis of biofilm composition showed a predominance of Methanosarcinaceae (Methanomethylovorans sp., and probably two different species of Methanosarcina sp.) in bioreactors. These results demonstrate that using acclimated biofilms enriched with ammonia tolerant methanogens control the inhibitory effect of ammonia on methanogenesis.

Treatment by agricultural by-products of Industrial effluents polluted with heavy metals

Due to the increasing concern about the environmental pollution problems, it is so important to perform a number of methods for removing hazardous heavy metals from industrial liquid wastes. Adsorption technique is the most effective and economical one. In the present study, two agricultural by-products namely; cottonseed and soybean hulls, resulting from the oil industry, have been used in the adsorption of thorium element from a wastewater effluent coming from different industries. The results obtained indicate that maximum removal of thorium from a prepared solution takes place at pH 5 where equilibrium was attained after 100 min; using an adsorbent dose of 3 and 3.5 g/L for cottonseed and soybean hulls, respectively. On the other hand, the obtained mathematical data together with the obtained adsorption kinetic parameters indicate that both of cottonseed and soybean hulls could be useful adsorbents for thorium removal from industrial liquid wastes, especially when the low cost, environmental issues and high availability of these materials are considered.

The effect of temperatures and monomer ratios on the characteristic of anionic and cationic gel-based adsorbents

Industrial development has caused the metal concentration in the environment to increase. This is a serious issue considering that heavy metals are stable and cannot naturally decompose. Therefore, wastewater should be processed before being disposed to the environment. Several technologies have been developed for removing heavy metal content in industrial liquid wastes. The adsorption method using solid adsorbent is a simple and effective method for separating heavy metal ions from electroplating wastes since they are eco-friendly and efficient. However, they produce secondary wastes and require high operational costs. The blending of cationic gel NIPAM-co-Chitosan and anionic gel NIPAM-co-Acrylic Acid is a potential candidate as a new alternative adsorbent. By this method, the secondary wastes can be eliminated, adsorbed ions simultaneously, and adsorb-desorb ions reversibly. NIPAM-co-Chi and NIPAM-co-Acrylic Acid are synthesized from a polymerization reaction using N, N, N’, N’-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) and sodium sulfite as accelerators, ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) as an initiator, and N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBAA) as a cross-linker. The gel was synthesized in a three-neck round flask for 6 hours. The product crush gel was then used for the adsorption and swelling degree test. The swelling degree test was performed by measuring the swelling gel volume before and after being soaked for 24 hours in target solutions. The gel obtained from the adsorption test was separated from the solution to be analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Based on the FTIR analysis of NIPAM-co-Chi and NIPAM-co-Acrylic Acid gels, there is no peak indicating the presence of vinyl C=C bonds. It can be concluded that the gel copolymer synthesis that was carried out was successful. The optimum results were obtained from the swelling degree analysis on electroplating waste at a concentration of 8:2.

Recycling Agricultural Liquid Waste and Industrial Waste for Improving Nitrate and Veterinary Antibiotics by Woodchip Bioreactor

Recycling Agricultural Liquid Waste and Industrial Waste for Improving Nitrate and Veterinary Antibiotics by Woodchip Bioreactor

Serbuk Biji Asam Jawa (Tamarin Dusindica L) untuk Pengelolaan Limbah Industri Cair Tempe (Studi Kasus Mataram)

Most of the tempe industry have not been equipped with a waste water treatment unit. It is usually a water soaked soybeans and soybean excess water is still discharged directly in the into the environment. Liquid waste industrial of tempeh contain high organic materials. One of the process for wastewater treatment is coagulation with the addition of a positively charged polyelectrolyte in tempeh wastewater as negatively charged. One of plants in Indonesia that can be used as an alternative coagulant is tamarind seeds (Tamarindus indica, L).it can be used for wastewater treatment is more economical. The aims of this experiment is to determine the optimum stirring time, optimum pH of the waste and optimum coagulant dosage for treatment of the tempeh wastewater with coagulant tamarind seed powder. The experiment studied were stirring time, the pH of thetempeh wastewater and coagulant dosage to the percentage decrease in turbidity and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). The variables in the experiment were stirring time (10,15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes), the pH of the waste (3; 3.5; 4; 4 and 5) and the dosage of tamarind seed powder (100, 300, 500, 700, and 900 mg / L). COD testing methods is closed reflux method by spectrophotometry and turbidity testing using Turbidimeter. The results showed that the with coagulant tamarind seed powder effectively lowered cod levels and the dryness of tempeh liquid industrial waste. The optimum pH obtained is pH 4, optimum stirring time is 25 minutes and the increase in optimum coagulant dose is 500 mg with a percentage decrease in COD levels and noise by 90.57% and 78.94%. Key words: liquid waste; sour power; turbidity; COD

The Capability of Mangrove Charcoal in Adsorption Process of Indigosol Substance in Wastewater of Batik Industry

The development of the textile industry has had a positive impact on economic growth in Indonesia. Batik is one of the products of the textile industry that is proliferating in Indonesia. Dyes are the main ingredients in the textile and batik industrial process. One of the dyes used is indigosol, and about 15% of the total dyes used will result in industrial liquid waste. The presence of these dyes can damage the water and soil ecosystems. Liquid sewage treatment is needed to minimize the amount of contamination against groundwater and surface water. A standard method used in the handling of liquid waste is by adsorption process with various adsorbents. Commonly used adsorbents are silica gel, activated alumina, zeolite, polymer, and activated carbon. Activated charcoal from mangroves becomes an alternative to natural adsorbents with a large surface area. The ability of activated charcoal as an adsorbent was the focus of this study, both by the activation process by Fe cations and the addition of hydrogen peroxide activators. Characterization using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer is performed to see changes in indigosol concentration during the adsorption process. Results have shown that charcoal with Fe and H2O2 give a better performance on adsorption of indigosol than pure charcoal. Removal of indigosol by charcoal + Fe and H2O2 can reach 51%.