Industrial Atmosphere Research Articles

Tourism-industrial atmosphere and executive change: How can they impact firms? - A mixed context analysis study

The current context-turnover paradigm offers a theoretical understanding related to the influence of executive turnover, emphasizing the significance of the internal and physical factors. However, there is a lack of well-theorized and empirical evidence regarding the role of industrial atmosphere. We argue that tourism firms can time executive turnover to optimize its influence by referring to event-atmosphere context. We propose a context analytic approach to comprehensively investigate the aforementioned impacts, shaping an industrial context-turnover theory. Tourism firm performance after executive turnover is significantly moderated by the competitive and seasonal context of the tourism industry. Involuntary executive turnovers are particularly affected, compared to voluntary ones. Tourism-industrial atmosphere contributes significantly to foresee the consequence, and event-driven context forecasting accurately estimates the outcome.

Revealing the Corrosion Resistance Mechanism of Plain Carbon Steel Micro-Alloyed by La in Simulated Industrial Atmosphere.

Plain carbon steel is the most widely applied steel in current engineering construction. With the increased application property needs, the service life of plain carbon steel has been severely tested. As one of the most destructive failure modes, corrosion resistance of carbon steel has attracted wide attention. Rare earth La, as the microalloying element, was employed in plain carbon steel, Q355, to improve its corrosion resistance. As the content of La increased, the microstructure was refined. The fraction of pearlite decreased, while the content of acicular increased. Within the La addition of 230 ppm, the tensile strength and impact energy were jointly improved. Furthermore, the microalloying element of La modified the inclusion types and refined the inclusion size. The modified microstructure and inclusions by La co-improved the corrosion resistance. The formula of effective La content was proposed to estimate the effect of La on corrosion. As the effective content of La increased, the relative corrosion rate decreased. La3+ promoted the protective rust layer to increase corrosion resistance.

Recent Progress on Atmospheric Corrosion of Field-Exposed Magnesium Alloys

It is well known that the poor corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is a key factor limiting their application. Field exposure is the most reliable means to evaluate the atmospheric corrosion performance of magnesium alloys. This article reviews the field exposure corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys in typical atmospheric environments (including the marine atmosphere, industrial atmosphere, etc.) in recent years. According to the literature review, it was found that there are significant regional differences in the atmospheric corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys, which is the result of the coupling of multiple factors in the atmospheric environment. By investigating the corrosion rate and corrosion products of different types of magnesium alloys in different environments, the corrosion mechanism of magnesium alloys in different environments was summarized. Specifically, environmental parameters such as atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, CO2, and chloride ion deposition rates in the marine atmospheric environment can affect the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys. The corrosion of magnesium alloys in different industrial atmospheric environments is mainly affected by atmospheric temperature and relative humidity, as well as atmospheric pollutants (such as SO2, CO2, NO2) and dust. This review provides assistance to the development of new corrosion-resistant magnesium alloys.

The effect of chromium on the corrosive performance of novel high manganese steel frogs in a simulated industrial atmosphere

Abstract The corrosion behavior of three novel high manganese steel frogs with different Cr contents in a simulated industrial corrosive atmospheric environment is studied through the corrosion weight gain, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical testing. The results indicate that the content of Cr in the steel affects the phase composition, density, and electrochemical stability of the rust layer. For instance, as the Cr content increases, the content of the amorphous phase in the rust layer continuously increases while that of γ-FeOOH decreases, leading to enhanced density and electrochemical stability of the rust layer. The study reveals that Cr exists in the rust layer in the form of Cr2O3 and Cr(OH)3, providing nucleation cores to nanoscale colloidal rust particles. Consequently, a higher Cr content leads to more nucleation cores, which improves the density of the rust layer and enhances the corrosion resistance of the novel high manganese steel frogs in industrial corrosive atmospheric environments.

Insight into patina formed on beryllium-bronze after 29 years of exposure in an industrial environment and DFT research

This research explores the corrosion behavior of beryllium bronze over a period of 29 years in an industrial atmosphere, revealing an average corrosion rate of 0.557 μm·a−1. The skyward patina layer primarily consists of Cu2O, Cu4SO4(OH)6 and CuSO4, while the field-ward patina layer contains Cu2O, CuO, Cu4SO4(OH)6 and CuSO4. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and XPS analysis show that Be oxidizes preferentially, providing early-stage corrosion protection. DFT and open circuit potential measurements suggest that the patina layer on the field-ward surface is more thermodynamically stable, but cracks serve as pathways for mass transport, accelerating corrosion.

Experimental Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Corroded Low–Alloy Structural Steel

This study investigates the mechanical properties of corroded Q355B structural steel subjected to a simulated marine atmosphere and an industrial atmosphere. The micro-morphology of corroded steel in two different environments was analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). Tension tests were performed to determine the degradation laws of the mechanical properties of corroded steel, including its yield strength, ultimate strength, elastic modulus, ultimate strain and elongation after fracture. The test results indicate that the elongation after fracture of the steel is the most severely deteriorated property after corrosion. The recommended empirical formula for limiting the maximum corrosion rate is established. It is found that when the initial elongation is 30%, the maximum allowable corrosion rate is 19.2%. Based on the achieved results, a simplified time-dependent stress–strain model of Q355B structural steel is established considering the coupling effects of corrosive environments and applied stress, which is also evaluated using relevant research. In addition, axial compression tests were conducted on corroded square stud columns to verify the effectiveness of the established model. It is indicated that the model can be used for fitness-for-purpose analyses in structural integrity assessments.

Effect of Cr on the corrosion behavior of low carbon vanadium micro alloyed weathering steel in a simulated industrial atmosphere

AbstractThe study investigates the practical application of cyclic wet/dry corrosion tests in simulated industrial atmospheres to assess the impact of chromium (Cr) on the protective properties of vanadium micro‐alloyed weathering steels. Two types of steels were examined: a V‐N steel and a V‐N‐Cr micro‐alloyed weathering steel. These steels were subjected to corrosion tests with 0.01 mol/L NaHSO3 at a pH range of 4.4–4.8 for varying durations. The findings indicate that the inclusion of Cr in the composition of vanadium micro‐alloyed weathering steel enhances corrosion resistance and leads to the accumulation of Cr in the inner rust layer. Furthermore, the distribution of corrosion‐resistant elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, P, and Mo) in V‐N and V‐N‐Cr steels is analyzed. The rust layer was observed to exhibit stratification in the corrosive environment, with the outer layers being dense and uniform, while the inner layers were porous and exhibited poor adhesion to the matrix. The study also delves into the anticorrosion mechanism of vanadium weathering steel using techniques such as X‐ray diffractometer, electron probe microanalysis, and potential‐phase diagram.

Effect of rust layer stabilization on dry and wet cyclic corrosion behavior of bridge weathering steel Q345qNH in simulated industrial atmospheric medium

Abstract It takes 3–5 years for the stable rust layer to form when the bridge weathering steel is used in the industrial atmosphere, and the loose rust layer appearing in the early stage will pollute the atmospheric environment. Therefore, a method for the rapid formation of stable rust layer is developed in this paper, and the influence of rust layer stabilizing treatment on corrosion behavior of bridge weathering steel Q345qNH in simulated industrial atmospheric medium is studied. The results showed that in simulated industrial atmospheric medium, the stabilizing treatment shortened the formation time of stable rust layer and significantly reduced the corrosion rate, which is 47.9 % lower than that of bare steel after 480 h of corrosion. During the whole corrosion process, the Iα-FeOOH/Iγ-FeOOH peak intensity ratio of the stabilizing treatment steel was always higher than that of the bare steel, and was 1.26 times that of the bare steel after 480 h corrosion. After the stabilizing treatment, the self-corrosion potential of the rust layer increases, the self-corrosion current density decreases, and the resistance of the rust layer after 480 h corrosion was 1.57 times that of the bare steel sample, and the protection of the rust layer was significantly improved.

Effects of external influencing factors on the microstructure and physico-mechanical characteristics of glass-reinforced polymer composite material based on polyimide binder

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the effects of external influencing factors (natural exposure in climatic zones, such as a temperate climate and a climate with an industrial atmosphere, during accelerated climatic tests in a thermal humidity chamber, during thermal aging, exposure in technical environments) on the microstructure and physical and mechanical characteristics of a glass-reinforced polymer composite material grade VPS-72 based on polyimide binder grade VS-51. The state of the surface of fiberglass samples after exposure was studied for one year.

Hysteresis performance of steel beam-column welded T-joints corroded in steel industrial atmosphere

This study investigates the effect of steel industrial corrosion on the seismic behavior of beam-column welded T-joints. An environmental and corrosion state survey in a sintering plant reveals high temperatures (up to 45 °C), high humidity (up to 58 %), and a high concentration of corrosive gases, particularly SO2 (average 1.3 mg/m3, peak 5.4 mg/m3), contributing to extensive structural damage. Based on the measured environmental conditions, an accelerated corrosion test method is developed to replicate the full-scale corroded beam-column welded T-joints. The corrosion characteristics analysis indicates that the corrosion severity varies across different parts, with the lower flange of the beam experiencing the most corrosion, followed by the upper flange and web. Subsequently, hysteresis performance tests on five corroded T-joints examines the effect of steel industrial corrosion on their seismic performance, including the failure modes, hysteresis curves and skeleton curves, bearing and deformation capability, stiffness and energy dissipation. The results indicated that corrosion in T-joint specimens results in a linear decrease in loads and displacements at yield and peak points, accompanied by a significant reduction in stiffness and failure cycles. Corrosion impacts the ductility and energy dissipation of T-joints more than load-bearing capacity, affecting seismic performance more severely. Although corrosion allowance ensures the residual load bearing capacity, it's not cost-effective in mitigating the effect of corrosion on seismic performance of beam-column welded T-joints.

Blockchain sharding for e-commerce supply chain performance analytics towards Industry 5.0

ABSTRACT In today’s competitive and volatile e-commerce markets, effective supply chain performance measurement (SCPM) gradually becomes essential for investigating pitfalls and loopholes in strategic vendor management and business development. Surrounding the atmosphere of Industry 5.0, sustainability and resilience are two primary pillars, which should be further considered in the SCPM beyond merely operational effectiveness and efficiency. This study customises evaluation criteria based on the green supply chain operations reference model. Moreover, a blockchain sharding-enabled performance analytics system is designed, where a real-life case analysis is conducted to verify the system efficacy. Consequently, the supply chain sustainability and resilience can be fostered.

Study on corrosion characteristics of reinforcing bars in concrete under industrial SO2 environment

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is the primary pollutant in industrial atmospheres, leading to significant damage to industrial buildings. The corrosion caused by SO2 in concrete, including neutralization and solid phase volume expansion, poses particular concerns. However, there is a lack of research on the electrochemical behaviour and corrosion mechanisms of reinforcing bars embedded in concrete. This study conducted indoor simulations of reinforced concrete specimens exposed to industrial SO2 corrosion utilizing an SO2 testing chamber. The corrosion behavior of the reinforcing bars was monitored through half-cell potential, weak polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Additionally, the corrosion mechanisms of the reinforcing bars under SO2 exposure were investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectra. The results demonstrated a consistent correlation between variations in corrosion potential (Ecorr) and corrosion current density (icorr) of steel rebars in different types of concrete. The corrosion rates of the reinforcing steel in C1 (w/b=0.57), C2 (w/b=0.47), and C3 (w/b=0.37) concrete exceeds 0.1 μA/cm2 after 42, 72, and 90 days of SO2 corrosion, respectively. At this time, the ratio of the depth of neutralization to the thickness of the protective layer is 0.51–0.65. The rust exhibits a layered structure with a presence of S elements adsorbed and deposited on the surface of the rust layer. Moreover, the research has identified the accumulation of S elements within corrosion pits, which can be attributed to localized acidification reactions. The rust products identified include iron hydroxide (FeOOH), and iron oxide (Fe2O3), rozenite (FeSO4·4 H2O). The formation of FeSO4·4 H2O in corrosion pits suggests that significant localized corrosion on the surface of reinforcing bars in concrete under the impact of SO2.

Corrosion behavior of Q345 steel in a simulated industrial atmosphere

Abstract The corrosion process of Q345 steel in simulated industrial atmospheric surroundings using NaHSO3 as the corrosion medium was performed. Corrosion weight loss, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to investigate the corrosion behavior of Q345 steel samples at various corrosion times. The results indicate that, in the industrial atmospheric acceleration system, the corrosion law of Q345 steel follows an exponential function model and that as the corrosion period lengthens, the rate of corrosion declines steadily. γ-FeOOH, α-FeOOH, Fe3O4, Fe3O2, and FeO make up the majority of the corrosion products on the surface of rust layer, and the rust layer structure is generally loose in the first stages of corrosion. As the corrosion time lengthens, the corrosion products transform from needle-like to cluster-like and the rust layer will become thicker. In addition, there is a segregation of the elements Cr, S, and O in the rust layer of Q345 steel.

Feasibility Study on the Generation of Nanoporous Metal Structures by Means of Selective Alloy Depletion in Halogen-Rich Atmospheres.

A new approach to produce nanoporous metals has been investigated, which is based on the dealloying of bi- or multi-component alloys. Depletion and pore formation of the alloy substrate are obtained by the transport of certain alloy components at high temperatures via volatile halogen compounds. These halogen compounds are transferred to materials acting as sinks based on their higher affinity to the respective components, and chemically bound there. Transfer via volatile halogen compounds is known from the pack cementation coating process and from high-temperature corrosion in certain industrial atmospheres. The approach was tested on different precursor alloys: Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B (TNM-B1), TiNb42, and AlCu. Both dealloying effects and micro-scale pore formation were observed. The detailed size of the porous structures is in the range of 50 nm for both TNM-B1 and TiNB42 and 500 nm for AlCu.

Comparative study of alternating dry and wet corrosion behavior of Q345qDNH steel and Q420qENH steel in industrial atmospheric media containing PM2.5

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of Q345qDNH steel and Q420qENH steel under the industrial atmosphere containing PM2.5, as well as the effect of PM2.5 on the rust layer were studied by dry–wet alternating accelerated corrosion experiment. The results show that the corrosion rate of Q345qDNH is always less than that of Q420qENH, the Cr content of rust layer is higher than that of Q420qENH steel. After 30 days of corrosion, compared with Q420qENH steel, the self‐corrosion potential of Q345qDNH is larger, the self‐corrosion current density is smaller, and the rust resistance is 1.49 times of Q420qENH steel, the Iα‐FeOOH/Iγ‐FeOOH ratio is 1.29 times of Q420qENH, indicating that the protection of the rust layer of Q345qDNH is better than that of Q420qENH. This is due to the effect of microstructure factors in the early stage of corrosion and alloying elements in the late stage of corrosion. PM2.5 with SiO2 as the main component is easy to deposit at cracks and holes, which becomes the nucleation substrate for corrosion products, promotes the nonuniform nucleation of corrosion products, making the rust layer develop unevenly, leading to an increase in holes in the outer rust layer.

Mathematical and computer modeling of atmospheric air pollutants transformation with input data refinement

<p>This article addresses the critical issue of harmful impurity dispersion in industrial facility atmospheres, considering point sources and factoring in photochemical changes. Conjugate equations are employed to assimilate pollutant data into the transfer equations' right side. Boundary conditions derive from global models like weather research and forecasting (WRF) and system for integrated modeling of atmospheric composition (SILAM), customized for the unique characteristics of an industrial city's pollutants. To encompass anthropogenic heat sources and surface heterogeneity, the model incorporates differential schemes for the atmospheric boundary layer, transport equations, and impurity transformation equations. Parameters for photochemical transformations, varying with weather and time of day, are derived from Ust-Kamenogorsk. A cloud-based geoinformation system (GIS) is developed for monitoring and forecasting air pollution. It assimilates data sources and accounts for photochemical transformations, enabling visualization of diverse weather and environmental scenarios. The article presents numerical modeling results of impurity spread and transformation influenced by mesometeorological processes, topography, and water resources within a specific city.</p>

Comparative Analysis on Corrosion Behavior of Si-Based Weathering Steels in a Simulated Industrial Atmosphere

Comparative Analysis on Corrosion Behavior of Si-Based Weathering Steels in a Simulated Industrial Atmosphere

Air pollution particulate matter (PM2.5) prediction in South African cities using machine learning techniques.

Air pollution contributes to the most severe environmental and health problems due to industrial emissions and atmosphere contamination, produced by climate and traffic factors, fossil fuel combustion, and industrial characteristics. Because this is a global issue, several nations have established control of air pollution stations in various cities to monitor pollutants like Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10), to notify inhabitants when pollution levels surpass the quality threshold. With the rise in air pollution, it is necessary to construct models to capture data on air pollutant concentrations. Compared to other parts of the world, Africa has a scarcity of reliable air quality sensors for monitoring and predicting Particulate Matter (PM2.5). This demonstrates the possibility of extending research in air pollution control. Machine learning techniques were utilized in this study to identify air pollution in terms of time, cost, and efficiency so that different scenarios and systems may select the optimal way for their needs. To assess and forecast the behavior of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), this study presented a Machine Learning approach that includes Cat Boost Regressor, Extreme Gradient Boosting Regressor, Random Forest Classifier, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree. Cat Boost Regressor and Extreme Gradient Boosting Regressor were implemented to predict the latest PM2.5 concentrations for South African Cities with recording stations using past dated recordings, then the best performing model between the two is used to predict PM2.5 concentrations for South African Cities with no recording stations and also to predict future PM2.5 concentrations for South African Cities. K-Nearest Neighbor, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, and Random Forest Classifier were implemented to create a system predicting the Air Quality Index (AQI) Status. This study investigated various machine learning techniques for air pollution to analyze and predict air pollution behavior regarding air quality and air pollutants, detecting which areas are most affected in South African cities.

Applicability of a gas chromatograph-photoionization detection analyzer for the continuous monitoring of 1,3-butadiene in urban and industrial atmospheres

This study focuses on the implementation of a gas chromatograph-photoionization detection (GC-PID) analyzer for the continuous monitoring of 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD) levels in urban and industrial atmospheres. Its aim was twofold. First, feasibility assays were carried out during a sampling period of 8 days in an industrial atmosphere. The values recorded with the GC-PID analyzer were compared with those obtained by active and passive sampling followed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). The 6-h average concentrations of 1,3-BD recorded with the GC-PID analyzer were comparable with those obtained by active sampling. The concentration peaks determined with both methodologies coincided in concentration values and time slots. The 8-day average concentrations of 1,3-BD found with the three methodologies applied were also similar. Secondly, the applicability of the GC-PID analyzer in urban atmospheres was tested in Constantí, a town near the petrochemical zone of Tarragona. Individual 1,3-BD concentrations were in the range of below MDL and 49 μg m−3 with 99% of the values being below 2 μg m−3. The results were shown to be strictly related to prevailing wind direction and activities carried out in the petrochemical zone under study. Other factors affecting the distribution of this pollutant in the atmosphere, i.e. UV radiation and ozone and nitrogen oxides concentrations, were relegated to the background.

Correction to: A Study of Rust Layer of Ultra‑Thin Cast Strip Steel Containing 0.10% Sb in Simulated Industrial Atmosphere

Correction to: A Study of Rust Layer of Ultra‑Thin Cast Strip Steel Containing 0.10% Sb in Simulated Industrial Atmosphere