Industrial Arts Research Articles

Japan's Industrial Arts: Present and Future (1917)

Japan's Industrial Arts: Present and Future (1917)

Industrial Arts and the Development of Japan's Industry (1932)

Industrial Arts and the Development of Japan's Industry (1932)

<p>Educators’ Resistance to the Technology and Engineering Education Transition</p>

The purpose of the qualitative grounded theory study was to explore why industrial arts educators resisted organizational change to technology and engineering education. An exploratory, grounded theory method was used to identify new theory related to educators’ resistance because the current literature did not provide a theoretical perspective about why industrial arts educators have resisted the change. The sampling frame was derived from a database of 379 secondary technology and engineering education teachers in the state of Kansas, and a sample size of 13 participants was needed to reach theoretical saturation of the phenomenon. The data for the study was collected through observations and face-to-face semi-structured interviews with in-service industrial education teachers. Data collected from the observations and interviews were analyzed using the three-phase classic grounded theory coding technique. Data analysis and interpretation resulted in the emergence of three substantive theories related to the study phenomenon: (a) inefficacious transition to technology and engineering education, (b) value for technical learning, and (c) industry demand-based change.

Design and Application of a Virtual Classroom System in Major Courses in Industrial Arts

The development status and defects of the current distance education are pointed out, the theoretical basis and support technology to construct virtual classroom are demonstrated, and a virtual classroom system under mutual competition environment is proposed and realized. With the teaching of industrial art course as the example, the development and application of virtual classroom system in the course of industrial art are discussed, a control experiment is designed, the effect of virtual classroom system is verified, and it is concluded that students of virtual classroom group are easier to master the logic reasoning skills and abstract theoretical knowledge. Overall, the virtual class has a better effect than the real classroom and distance listening.

Influence of Pre-Strain and Simulated Paint-Bake on Mechanical Properties of High Strength Aluminum Alloy AA7020

In modern car bodies lightweight structures are used to achieve a reduction of energy consumption and CO2-emissions. One of the most important lightweight materials is aluminum and its alloys. Current state of the art in automotive industry is utilizing precipitation hardenable aluminum alloys of the 6000 series whereas the crash-relevant strength is achieved by artificial ageing during the paint drying process. Due to newly developed coatings which provide faster curing at lower temperatures, post-forming ageing of the 6xxx alloys to satisfactory strength levels becomes more difficult. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of employing high strength aluminum alloys of the 7000 series in order to reduce artificial ageing time and temperature while keeping required strength. Within this contribution, the influence of pre-straining and subsequent heat treatment on mechanical properties will be presented.

A ACÇÃO DE ARTISTAS E DESIGNERS RUSSOS NO ÂMBITO DA CENOGRAFIA PARA TEATRO: QUANDO O TELÃO DEU LUGAR À EXPERIMENTAÇÃO

No início do séc. XX, destaca-se a acção de artistas e designers russos no âmbito da cenografia para Teatro. O atraso industrial sentido na Rússia pós-revolução faria com que a tecnologia não acompanhasse o trabalho criativo empreendido pelos designers da vanguarda artística. Nesta perspectiva, assiste-se a experimentações particularmente inéditas sob o ponto de vista plástico e construtivo no contexto pedagógico e da criação cenográfica, designadamente as concepções idealizadas pelos construtivistas. Em 1925, alguns destes projectos seriam expostos na Exposição Internacional de Artes Decorativas e Industriais Modernas de Paris, surpreendendo o público pelo seu sentido de modernidade. Encenavam-se peças de carácter revolucionário, bem como outras que ilustravam a vida quotidiana, estreitando-se a relação entre o público e a mensagem ideológica que se pretendia comunicar. Pretende-se com o presente artigo, analisar num primeiro momento, as principais rupturas face a um passado fortemente marcado pela concepção clássica de teatro à italiana. De seguida, interessa-nos dissecar os significados e princípios presentes na composição espacial de algumas arquitecturas efémeras representativas da acção da vanguarda artística, particularmente vinculadas à utopia de um teatro novo para um homem novo.

The technology for creating of decorative plywood with low formaldehyde emission

The development of new technologies of processing of industrial art products to improve their functional, ergonomic and aesthetic properties is one of the important directions of improvement of product design. The article presents the technology of preliminary contact thermal modification of sheets of veneer in the production of low-toxic decorative plywood and laminated products, which lets significantly improve their water resistance. It has been established that thermal modification of wood material causes a decrease in density with increasing temperature and duration of treatment. A mathematical model describing the process of heat treatment of wood veneer and allowing predicting the degree of thermal modification of wood material depending on the modes of modification has been developed. Several studies to determine the basic properties of plywood made on the basis of heat-treated veneer were conducted in the work. Studies have shown that the thermal effect on veneer in the manufacture of plywood provides improves water-repellent properties of it, while not increasing its toxicity. It has also been found that the alternating of layers of wood with varying degrees of heat treatment when creating laminated products greatly enhances the decorative features of the products.

Stage Design at the Crossroads of Different Operational Cultures. Mapping the History of Scenography Education in Finland

The article maps the development of scenography education in Finland from the early 1970s to the 2000s. Unlike all other disciplines of theatre making, the study program has been located at the University of Industrial Arts, which highlights the double character of scenography as both a visual and a performative art. The hegemonic comprehension of the subject has oscillated between independent design and participation in a collective process. The key question that penetrates the curriculum throughout the decades is how to successfully construct a solid, material space for a temporary, more or less unpredictable theatrical event. The scenographic methods that have been taught vary from the disciplined rational pre-planning and conceptual analysis of the 1970s, to the subjective individualism at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, and finally to the interactive, self-regulating processes in the 2000s. The different approaches are largely connected to individual teachers, but they can be further contextualized by looking at the more general cultural tendencies in art, theatre and society; as well as to the material conditions, changing university policies and respective organizational reformations.

A Content Analysis of AIAA/ITEA/ITEEA Conference Special Interest Sessions: 1978-2014

Associations routinely hold annual conferences to aid with professional development and actively promote the ideals of their membership and the profession they represent. The American Industrial Arts Association (AIAA) was created in 1939 and has held an annual conference the past 76 years to further these goals (Starkweather, 1995). Throughout this period, the profession has gone through significant changes that include a paradigm shift from a focus on the products and processes of industry to a broader focus on technological literacy. The AIAA reflected this shift by changing the association name to the International Technology Education Association (ITEA) in 1985. More recently, the association adapted to the increasing focus on engineering education and changed its name again in 2010 to the International Technology and Engineering Educators Association (ITEEA). The ITEEA conference has run consistently throughout this period and remains a cornerstone professional event. Analysis of the detailed conference programs can highlight historical milestones, current status, and emerging trends within the profession to aid with conference planning and other professional activities.

Production and marketing of art in China

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how art production and marketing in China is attempting to move up the value chain as increasing number of Chinese replica-selling galleries seek to break free from the image of Chinese art towns as skilled but imitative centres of art production. Design/methodology/approach – In-depth interviews were conducted among seven gallery owners in Wushipu art village over three weeks to discover how art production in China has evolved and to chart its future growth. Findings – In the Chinese setting with its distinctive cultural patterns, tensions between the emergent national pride in original art and the facile and commercial moneymaking potential of simply selling industrially produced art are revealed. Practical implications – The changing dynamics of arts markets in China provide marketers and researchers a glimpse into a parallel trend: the gradual but rising shift to innovation, originality and luxury occurring in the China-based manufacturing centres of material goods. Social implications – The attempts to break from the imitative mass production of art and strike a balance between creating and meeting the art needs of the Chinese consumer indicate how domestic market priorities and economic growth are likely to serve as the new fuel for contemporary China’s socioeconomic development. Originality/value – Via an interpretive look at contemporary Chinese modes of arts production and marketing, the paper revisits the antagonism between the creation of original art and the production of industrial art in a context not well-known in the west, the massive art production centres of China.

The Art and Politics of Artists' Personas: The Case of Yayoi Kusama

This essay presents persona as a trajectory of contemporary art in the post- industrial art world, in which artists’ “work” increasingly includes non-art activities such as networking and media publicity. After discussing pressing issues in art scholarship in regards to the disciplinary tradition and persona studies, I analyse the image of the Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama (b. 1929) who has been operating in the Western-dominated international art world since the 1960s. Arriving in the U.S. in 1957, Kusama quickly became one of the most prolific and notorious artists in New York. However, by the early 1970s she returned to Japan and has since been living voluntarily in a psychiatric hospital. Art historical assessments of Kusama’s work have generally been confined within the Western theoretical parameters of feminism and psychoanalysis. Here, I draw attention to her persona: a “non-art” topic that has largely been ignored within the modernist discipline of Art History, which insists on an object-based formalist methodology. I critique this tendency by demonstrating how an artist’s persona can become a medium of art and politics, and how an artist’s artworks can become by-products of the artist’s larger-than-life public persona. I trace Kusama’s effort at persona cultivation from New York in the early 1960s, and particularly explore her satirical and ironic use of the cultural, racial, and gendered stereotypes about Japanese women. Based on archival research and aesthetics analysis, I argue that Kusama exploited the commercial value of her Japanese body and identity at a time when escalating Cold War national pride and xenophobia jeopardised her career in New York. By discussing how she pursued self-promotion and commercial success, this paper also portrays the commercialization of art and artists during the 1960s.

Topology authentication for piping isometric drawings

Piping isometric drawings, which feature their intrinsical topological relation rather than just geometrical shape, are important industrial art works in the field of Computer-Aided Design (CAD). This paper takes a fresh look at the topology integrity authentication of piping isometric drawings, which has not been mentioned before in the literature, from the digital watermarking perspective. A blind and semi-fragile watermarking based algorithm is proposed to address the referred interesting issue. The topology authentication problem of piping isometric drawings is investigated. In addition to the stretching operation, both global and local similarity transformation operations, which are critical problems in the case of watermarking embedding and extraction, are analyzed in detail. The topological graph is extracted and constructed from the drawing firstly. Then, similarity transformation invariants are constructed as watermarks carriers for each node. After that, the topological relation among joint components is encoded into singular watermarks for each node of the graph. These generated topology sensitive watermarks are embedded into geometrical invariants of each node via quantization index modulation. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that our approach yields a strong ability in detecting and locating unauthorized topology attacks while achieves robustness against both global and local similarity transformations especially the stretching operation. The proposed scheme can be employed to authenticate topology integrity for each of the drawings derived from the model individually in industry practices.

Peran Modal Sosial, Kereligian, dan Perilaku Moral dalam Membentuk Kinerja Usaha Mikro dan Kecil dengan Aspek Demografi Sebagai Variabel Pengendali

This study was motivated by the presence of non-financial aspects such as morality, religious, and the forms of social capital that can be applied as the important things in the increased competitiveness within the MSE. Increased competitiveness and encouraging impact on promoted business performance. Business performance can be viewed from two perspectives, namely the success of the business and entrepreneur performance. To that end, the study aims to describe: (1) The dimensions of social capital are associated with moral behavior, (2) frequency of participation rate religious that produce social capital level, (3) Effect of religious and capital dimensions social to moral behavior by demographics (gender, age) as a control variable, and (4) the effect of religious, social capital dimensions, and moral behavior on performance of SMEs. The research population was the MSEs in some industries who live in Medan city. They were food and beverage industry, the fashion industry, textile industry and textile products, handicrafts and goods from the industrial arts, industrial furniture, as well as pottery and decorative ceramics industry. Sampling technique in this study was conducted in 2 phases (two stage sampling). The gathering data in this study used field survey techniques directly by visiting the respondent. Based on calculated statistically showed that there was a significant relationship between the social capital dimensions and moral behavior. The entries of religious variables into the influence of social capital on moral behavior that controlled by the demographic factors, showed that only confidence and share your view variables have no relation to moral behavior. Related on the successful and business performance aspects, the empathy variable was a variable that perceived by SMEs actors can increase their business success and their business performance.This study was motivated by the presence of non-financial aspects such as morality, religious, and the forms of social capital that can be applied as the important things in the increased competitiveness within the MSE. Increased competitiveness and encouraging impact on promoted business performance. Business performance can be viewed from two perspectives, namely the success of the business and entrepreneur performance. To that end, the study aims to describe: (1) The dimensions of social capital are associated with moral behavior, (2) frequency of participation rate religious that produce social capital level, (3) Effect of religious and capital dimensions social to moral behavior by demographics (gender, age) as a control variable, and (4) the effect of religious, social capital dimensions, and moral behavior on performance of SMEs. The research population was the MSEs in some industries who live in Medan city. They were food and beverage industry, the fashion industry, textile industry and textile products, handicrafts and goods from the industrial arts, industrial furniture, as well as pottery and decorative ceramics industry. Sampling technique in this study was conducted in 2 phases (two stage sampling). The gathering data in this study used field survey techniques directly by visiting the respondent. Based on calculated statistically showed that there was a significant relationship between the social capital dimensions and moral behavior. The entries of religious variables into the influence of social capital on moral behavior that controlled by the demographic factors, showed that only confidence and share your view variables have no relation to moral behavior. Related on the successful and business performance aspects, the empathy variable was a variable that perceived by SMEs actors can increase their business success and their business performance.

Modeling and control of Rankine based waste heat recovery systems for heavy duty trucks

This paper presents a control oriented model development for waste heat recovery Rankine based control systems in heavy duty trucks. Waste heat recovery systems, such as Rankine cycle, are promising solutions to improve the fuel efficiency of heavy duty engines. Due to the highly transient operating conditions, improving the control strategy of those systems is an important step to their integration into a vehicle. The system considered here is recovering heat from both EGR and exhaust in a serial arrangement and use a mixture of water and ethanol as working fluid. The paper focuses on a comparison of a classical PID controller which is the state of the art in the automotive industry and a nonlinear model based controller in a simulation environment. The nonlinear model based controller shows better performance than the PID one and ensures safe operation of the system.

Converging on sustainable placemaking through transdisciplinary process

This research examines the first phase of a multiyear initiative about “sustainable placemaking” processes at a mid-size university in a small US city. The study focuses upon the rhetoric used by five faculty members representing the industrial design, engineering, geography, art history, and political science disciplines who have begun to develop a sustainable design working group whose mission is to produce sustainable design and design process alternatives for the redevelopment of a street connecting the university to the community. Integrating symbolic convergence theory and dialogue theory from communication studies with theory about transdisciplinary approaches to sustainable development, the research describes the extent to which the group achieved transdisciplinary function and articulates how co-creating meaning around sustainable placemaking shaped group processes and outcomes. Findings indicate that shared experiences of “place” and tensions amongst rhetorical boundaries play key roles. Analysis produces lessons learned for similar groups interested in transcending disciplinary boundaries when addressing sustainable development problems.

Urban Phantasmagorias

Cities experienced profound changes in the early 20th century, mainly as a result of industrialization. Along with architects and urban planners, fiction writers played a part in shedding light on some perverse or still unknown consequences of technology on society. Cinema is probably the first industrial art form and was from its beginning deeply involved in the creative portrayal of these changes. This ever-present urban imagery, rooted in concrete aspects of a changing reality and supported by existing and fictional technological systems, forms what we call urban phantasmagorias. This article develops this theoretical approach through a brief analytical review of some of the emblematic films that have anticipated shifts in our cities and lifestyle, influenced by the emerging technologies of their time, focusing on Metropolis (1927), Blade Runner (1982), Alphaville (1965), and The Matrix (1999).

The Opinions of Teacher Candidates on the Elderly in the Family

Teacher candidates, who will assume important roles in raising the future generations, have a great responsibility in bringing the children in obtaining a positive point of view on elderly. Therefore, the opinions of teacher candidates, who will raise the children that will assume important roles in defining the social structure, on the elderly in the family are of a great importance. This research had been organized and conducted so as to define the position of teacher candidates on the elderly in the family. The research had been carried out with the teacher candidates who study at Gazi University, the Faculty of Educational Sciences of Industrial Arts, Family and Consumer Sciences Teaching programme in 2012-2013 school year as senior students. In this qualitative research focus group discussion was used. A semi-structured question list was used as data collection tool. Within the scope of the research, in-depth face-to-face discussions with 20 teacher candidates in total had been made. The answers to the questions on discussion formula had been separately listened and the common utterances had been grouped and classified. Each answer had been expressed numerically and frequency values of these numerical views had been calculated by means of SPSS (Statistics Package for Social Sciences) software. As a result of the research from the teacher candidates on the care and protection of the elderly in the family: The elderly should be taken care of culturally in the family by their children (14 candidates), the elderly should be consulted partially during the decision-making processes in the family (8 candidates), and on the elderly's being sent to the senior centers: I am absolutely against it and the elderly should stay at their homes or at their children's homes (12 candidate) answers had been received.

Perception of Relationship between Art and Science in Contemporary African Arts and Technology

The contemporary African art and science is a product of human works of conception and perception worthy aesthetic values. Anthropologically and archaeologically speaking art and science was the first physical weapon of survival through the production of shape tools that allowed man an effective control over survival in his untamed environment, through which art and science researchers concluded that art is science and science is art it is logical, systematic and rational. The two implies a systematic principles and methods employing in performing a set of activities as a result many and varied are the usage of art and science and together they reveal the basic urges and aspiration of Africans which is evolutionary and revolutionary, scientifically and artistically. Art and science in the contemporary African undergoes a process of industrial art and industrial science. It is however pertinent to state this point that the various stand-points from which science and art have been viewed by professionals and researchers, are the similarity and relationship between the two. The paper discussed the perception of art and science. The conceptualization and the classification of the two, the perception of arts and science in the contemporary Africa, are therefore analyzed in the paper and this will bring into closer contact arts and science and popularizing the benefits of interaction, as being of concern to the artist and the scientific community in recent years. The paper drawn a conclusion that art and science are of the same culture.

The laboratory notebook in the 21st century: The electronic laboratory notebook would enhance good scientific practice and increase research productivity.

Detailed note‐keeping is a prerequisite for, if not a key component of, scientific discovery. An unrecorded experiment is lost to the world even if it sparks a great idea in a scientist's mind: Additional work is needed to reproduce and confirm the original observation and to test the hypothesis by novel experimental strategies. Hence, a detailed record of the experimental setup, observations, and analysis is a crucial requirement for presenting a new discovery to the scientific community. > An unrecorded experiment is lost to the world even if it sparks a great idea in a scientist's mind… For centuries, scientists have been using paper notebooks. However, the digital revolution has changed every aspect of data handling: Acquisition has become automated, primary data exist in a huge variety of formats and require vast memory space, and analysis increasingly uses sophisticated software. While electronic note‐keeping has become state of the art in the pharmaceutical industry, it is by far not the standard in academic life‐science laboratories. In fact, digital record‐keeping has been controversial in academia, and hence, its implementation has been lagging. We argue that many academic laboratories will soon abolish the current precarious mixture of digital data and paper‐based annotation. We see three main reasons for this trend. First, the vast majority of the data generated by a scientist will be in digital form that has to be documented and archived; however, the paper‐based laboratory notebook does not enable convenient documentation of folder structures and data paths. Second, ongoing efforts aim to standardize experimental protocols and data formats in order to improve their general comparability and re‐analysis of data, which make standardization more attractive for scientists. In fact, standardization is a prerequisite for using an electronic laboratory notebook (ELN). Third, long‐term data storage, an essential component of good scientific practice, easily turns …

Black Success Is Never Simple: An Interview with Architect Curtis J. Moody

Black Success Is Never SimpleAn Interview with Architect Curtis J. Moody Koritha Mitchell (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution Curtis J. Moody African American Architect [End Page 281] This interview was conducted on June 6, 2013, at the Moody•Nolan headquarters in Columbus, Ohio. Mitchell: It really is an honor to meet and speak with you. I’m a professor of English at Ohio State University and now realize that you are responsible for many of the buildings in which I’ve had my most memorable experiences: the Hale Center, the Schottenstein Center, RPAC, and the Ohio Union. And that’s to say nothing of the many buildings around Columbus that help make this an easy city to love. I’ve noticed that the descriptions of your buildings often reveal a real awareness of cultural concepts. I’m thinking, for example, of the relevance of jazz, the Sankofa bird, Gullah culture and basket weaving, the talking drum, and the journey across oceans that created the African Diaspora. Given this awareness, featuring you in Callaloo is especially appropriate. The founder of Callaloo, Dr. Charles Rowell, is also an alum of Ohio State University and his journal engages and preserves the sort of cultural connections that help to fuel your work. You, Charles Rowell, and Callaloo all seem to appreciate the dynamic interchange of culture. So, we’re talking about the visual, the aural, the spiritual, the literary, and so much more whenever we’re talking about what you have created and what Callaloo creates. So, thank you for spending some time with our readers. I’d like to begin with some reflection on your past. I understand that it was in Junior High School that you decided you wanted to be an architect. You didn’t quite know what that meant, but you knew that when buildings were being planned, there were drawings involved. What exactly attracted you to those building sites, and what about those drawings and everything else you saw ignited that desire? Moody: It’s always interesting to try to look back and think about how I came to make the decision to be an architect. I don’t think it was anything specific, other than an interest. At that time, I was young enough not to know the professions, not to know who did what. I just knew that I was interested in drawing buildings and for whatever reason that was just my interest. When I was in school, we were required to take industrial arts, and under industrial arts, you had woodworking; you had metal working; and you had what’s called “drafting.” And drafting consisted of drawing machine parts, and I can do that very well, but I just knew that I wasn’t excited about drawing a bunch of machine parts. When I looked through books and saw houses and buildings, I was excited about drawing those, and my teacher at the time, when I told him so, he said, “Well, you can get equal credit by drawing those.” And that’s what I did; I switched from drawing machine parts to drawing houses. And so that continued to spark my interest. [End Page 282] Mitchell: So it really was in school itself. I had sort of visualized that you saw a building going up in your neighborhood or something, but it really was part of the curriculum. Okay, so once this desire was sparked, you spoke to your guidance counselor about it, and she very much discouraged you. She even told your coach that you were setting yourself up for disappointment. Would you share that story with our readers? Moody: Well, it is absolutely a true story. You know, you have to remember: when I was in high school, at that time, we weren’t called blacks. We were called Negroes and the teacher actually said, “No Negro is—we don’t know anyone that’s an architect.” She said that it’s a profession that normally caters to the wealthy. “Who is going to select a Negro architect?” she asked. And, of course, I didn’t know. It’s like, “You’ll be better served if you become a...