Industrial Arts Research Articles

La scienza visionaria. Joseph-Nicéphore Niépce tra utopia e sperimentazione

More than the story of a great pioneer of photography, the story of Nicephore Niepce is one of a cultured intellectual and scientist fully immersed in the encyclopedic spirit of his time, who becomes an active protagonist of the early nineteenth-century technical revolution. Ranging from the ambit of mechanics to that of physics and chemistry, his inventions contributed to creating the prosperity of commerce and industrial arts in his own time, as well as foreseeing their aspirations and predicting their repercussions on the future.

ПРОФЕСІОНАЛІЗАЦІЯ КАСКАДЕРСЬКОГО МИСТЕЦТВА В США (1900–1960 рр.): ІСТОРИЧНА РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА

Мета дослідження. Дослідити та проаналізувати етапи становлення професійного каскадерського мистецтва в кіноіндустрії США в 1900–1960-ті рр. Методами дослідження є органічна сукупність базових принципів наукового аналізу: об’єктивність, історизм, багатофакторність, системність, комплексність, розвиток та плюралізм, а для досягнення мети дослідження використані методи наукового пізнання: проблемно-хронологічний, конкретно-історичний, статистичний, описовий, логіко-аналітичний. Наукова новизна. Розглянуто процес становлення та розвитку каскадерського мистецтва в американському кіновиробництві в контексті професіоналізації протягом 1900–1960-х рр.; проаналізовано принципи залучення до кінознімального процесу майстрів різних жанрів, їх творчі набутки та досягнення в створенні новітніх прийомів та методів виконання трюків, а також виявлено вплив професійних каскадерів на розвиток американського кінематографу означеного періоду; уточнено та доповнено поняття «каскадер», а також розглянуто процес формування каскадерства як професії. Висновки. Проведене дослідження процесу професіоналізації каскадерського мистецтва в американській кіноіндустрії 1900–1960-х рр. засвідчило, що протягом означеного періоду трюки в ігрових фільмах найчастіше виконувалися професіоналами, які мали підготовку та досвід отриманий поза межами кіноіндустрії. Систему розвитку новітніх технологій професійної підготовки, яка посприяла формуванню професійного каскадерського мистецтва та його еволюціонування було сформовано наприкінці 1950-х – початку 1960-х рр. за сприянням каскадерів-виконавців.

Why is there no discipline of technology in the social sciences?

In this paper, I try to understand why no major field of technology ever emerged in the English-language social sciences, using 19th century anthropology as a case study. According to etymology, technology should refer to a logos, a field of study or discourse, about techne, technical knowledge and practice. Yet no such general field exists. Instead, during first half of the 20th century, the English term technology lost its earlier meaning as a field of study, becoming roughly equivalent to the 19th century term industrial arts. In this sense, technology is clearly a form of human activity that should fall under the purview of the social sciences. But technology does not exist as an established field of study in any social science, even under another name. At the end of the 19th century, however, technology was proposed as one of the core fields in the emerging field of anthropology by John Wesley Powell, one of the founders of the discipline in the United States. Yet Franz Boas, a young German scholar who had recently moved to the United States, argued against this focus on technology, in part because of its links to the dominant evolutionary paradigm, which Boas opposed. Similar stories can be culled from the history of other social sciences, such as economics and sociology. What accounts for this pattern? Although no single explanation suffices, this pattern is rooted in the deeply ingrained prejudice among intellectuals that favors works of the mind over works of the hand, and theory over practice.

Network slicing as enablers for 5G services: state of the art and challenges for mobile industry

The next generation of mobile communications, 5G, is expected to enable global economic output of USD 12.3 trillion by 2035. This would be achieved by applying 5G networks not only to mobile broadband, but also to diverse use cases such as machine-type communications and ultra-reliable low-latency communications. The diverse use cases and requirements are best handled by network slicing, which creates virtual networks over a single physical network. In this paper, we provide an overview of the standardization landscape of network slicing and identify major challenges for mobile operators such as end-to-end scope, roaming, interoperability, and migration. We conclude that the mobile industry and academia should focus on virtualizing base stations and sharing wireless spectrum resources, while selecting set verticals for which to create standardized slices and to formulate relevant requirements, where the GSM Association is a major player to be monitored. The industry should also provide a resolution to ensure the interoperability of network slicing, and study measures to ensure the stable and seamless migration from the physical to virtual networks. With the challenges resolved, mobile operators will be able to harness the full potential of network slicing in their mobile networks.

Risk Analysis: A generalized Hazop methodology state-of-the-art, applications, and perspective in the process industry

Introduction: The Hazard and Operability Study is considered a feasible tool to assess risks, where complex technologies, require new strategies to guarantee efficiency, safety, and quality of products. Objective: To perform a Hazop publications review, to establish the state of the art, current procedures and perspectives in the pharmaceutical industry. Method: Hazop methodology and improvements to satisfy actual needs were structured. Subsequently, its application and integration with other risk tools, and experts systems, were analyzed to define the current approach and future perspectives. Results: The review allowed the understanding where models, simulations and specialized software offered adequate support to assess risk in current complex processes. In addition, an efficient definition of causes and consequences depends of expert systems, where simulations acquire experience through the creation of databases, reducing the need of specific process knowledge, which is a typical limitation of the conventional Hazop methodology. Conclusions: A review of the Hazop stateof- the-art highlighted the importance to assess risks within the process industry. However, the use of new technologies designed to meet regulatory affairs to guarantee safety and quality principles would require the ongoing improvement of the Hazop methodology, restricting the dependence of specialists, and increasing the use of expert systems.

4차 산업혁명과 인문예술교육 -의료 분야를 중심으로

4차 산업혁명과 인문예술교육 -의료 분야를 중심으로

Reader Architectures for Wireless Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors.

Wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors have some unique features that make them promising for industrial metrology. Their decisive advantage lies in their purely passive operation and the wireless readout capability allowing the installation also at particularly inaccessible locations. Furthermore, they are small, low-cost and rugged components on highly stable substrate materials and thus particularly suited for harsh environments. Nevertheless, a sensor itself does not carry out any measurement but always requires a suitable excitation and interrogation circuit: a reader. A variety of different architectures have been presented and investigated up to now. This review paper gives a comprehensive survey of the present state of reader architectures such as time domain sampling (TDS), frequency domain sampling (FDS) and hybrid concepts for both SAW resonators and reflective SAW delay line sensors. Furthermore, critical performance parameters such as measurement accuracy, dynamic range, update rate, and hardware costs of the state of the art in science and industry are presented, compared and discussed.

Conceptualising the state of the art of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the construction industry and its nexus to sustainable development

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a widely embraced social phenomenon and has attracted increasing research interests in the construction industry recent years. However, their coverage of the issues pertaining to CSR in the construction industry are isolated and less comprehensive, failing to encompass the multifaceted nature of the construction industry. This study aimed to reveal and conceptualise the CSR's state of art in the construction industry. Following a systematic selection of 68 papers published in different journals between 2000 and 2017, the inductive and deductive content analysis of these papers reveal four research themes of current CSR research in the construction industry, comprising CSR perception, CSR dimensions, CSR implementation and CSR performance. A conceptual framework was developed accordingly to reflect the CSR research sate of art in the construction industry. Furthermore, given the nexus between CSR and sustainable development, insights for enhancing CSR contribution to sustainable development, and sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the construction industry were proposed, including changing the traditional procurement practices, improving legislation for environmental responsibility, integrating CSR dimensions and increasing CSR implementation in small to medium enterprises (SME). The findings of this study will deepen the understanding of CSR in the construction industry, and provide practical implications for different stakeholders in the construction industry to contribute more effectively to sustainable development.

「技術・家庭」分離独立へ向けての考察 : 英国フードテクノロジーからの検討

「技術・家庭」分離独立へ向けての考察 : 英国フードテクノロジーからの検討

中学校技術科機械領域における「ミニ四駆」を用いた導入学習の展開

中学校技術科機械領域における「ミニ四駆」を用いた導入学習の展開

Egyptian Folkloric Trims in designing and producing Costumes of the Contemporary Women

In the early fifties there were many voices demanding attention to our folklore and studying it in a serious scientific way. A score of studies have been conducted in this regard. In addition a number of researchers were interested in folklore that received care and encouragement. This interest was a natural response to the study of folklore according to its presence at the social and national levels. Accordingly, studies were interested in folklore including all its folkloric arts, where there were many methods of reading the folkloric art from the creative point of view in the various arts. The art of fashion industry had a big share of the folkloric art. From this point of view, the two researchers used the trims of the Egyptian folklore in the design and production of Poncho for women, which is predominantly characterized with the Egyptian heritage in a contemporary way of nowadays fashion, and the use of raw materials (basic - assisting) and one of the methods of folkloric fashion trims, that is the method of "addition". The problem of the research is the possibility of using the trims, materials and methods of the Egyptian folklore to design and produce costumes for contemporary women and to consult the views of specialists and consumers regarding these designs. The objective of the research was to identify the decorative values and symbolic indications of the symbols, materials and methods used in the Egyptian folklore and attempt to employ them in the development of a collection of executed contemporary designs of women's fashion. The research followed the descriptive approach with analysis and application to answer the research questions and hypotheses. It was possible to employ the trims of the Egyptian folkloric heritage in designing and producing (10) executed designs inspired by some symbols of the Egyptian folk heritage (Hijab” Triangle”,- square - rectangle – diamond - hand palm - eye - zigzag line - the bride - the shape of the burqa) , and used raw materials such as (flax, chalky, mauri, artificial leather, chamois, automated embroidered

NOVAS DINÂMICAS DE LAZER: AS FÁBRICAS DE CERVEJA NO RIO DE JANEIRO DO SÉCULO XIX (1856-1884)

No Rio de Janeiro de meados do século XIX, percebe-se uma maior estruturação de um mercado de entretenimentos, relacionado, inclusive, à conformação de uma sociedade civil que se diversificava socioeconomicamente. Tendo em conta ampliar o olhar sobre essa dinâmica social, este estudo tem por objetivo discutir a experiência de um tipo de estabelecimento que articulava as “artes industriais” com a oferta de alternativas de diversão: fábricas de cerveja localizadas na região central da capital. Trata-se fundamentalmente de uma abordagem histórica da cidade a partir de um de seus divertimentos.

THE EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE GAMES RELATED WITH HAZELNUT AND WALNUT IN THE HOPA REGION/DISTRICT, TURKEY

Hopa is a kind of region with difficulties of economic life. The territorial property of the region has some boundaries for mechanical cultivation causing an effect on social life. People tried to concentrate on the activities that they got used to do in the past. The things produced, took place in their social life. The production of hazelnut and walnut, important source of agriculture, took place not only in economics and nutrition but also in life. These were used as a tool for play in addition to the art of decoration and oil industry. Article visualizations:

Rethinking and Outlook on the Development of Polymeric Materials Industry under the View of "Made in China 2025"

The "Made in China 2025" plan has specified developmental goals in ten strategic areas including new materials. The polymer, as an important part of new materials, has wide applications and plays an irreplaceable role in national economy. China has become a big nation but not a powerful one in polymeric materials industry. In the era of "Made in China 2025" , how to advance polymers industry remains a significant project. This paper summarizes the state of the art, problems, and bottlenecks of China polymers industry, points out seventeen priority categories, and indicates the faced challenges, opportunities, and outlook in the R & D and manufacturing of polymeric materials. Additionally, we stress three misunderstandings that are worthwhile to be rethought over in R & D and technology upgrading. Based on the current situations of China, we emphasize three priority key aspects: first, strategic design at the national level; second, infrastructure construction for the polymer genome engineering information system; and third, priority development of polymeric materials used for the automotive industry, rail transportation, and aircraft lightweight.

中学校技術・家庭科における「被服製作」教材の研究(第1報) : 態度形成に関する測定尺度の作成と中学生の意識

中学校技術・家庭科における「被服製作」教材の研究(第1報) : 態度形成に関する測定尺度の作成と中学生の意識

中学校「技術・家庭」教科書のジェンダーバイアスに関する分析 : 家庭分野について

中学校「技術・家庭」教科書のジェンダーバイアスに関する分析 : 家庭分野について

「技術・家庭」担当教員のとらえる教科構造上の問題点

「技術・家庭」担当教員のとらえる教科構造上の問題点

ブルーノ・タウトの工芸活動(15) : 工芸指導所での1933年12月11日付2通の文書について

ブルーノ・タウトの工芸活動(15) : 工芸指導所での1933年12月11日付2通の文書について

The Campana collection at the Musée Napoléon III and the question of the appropriation of models for museums of industrial art

En 1861, la France achète une partie de la collection Campana dans l’idée de fonder un musée pour les arts décoratifs et industriels, capable de rivaliser avec les institutions similaires en Europe. Cette collection est présentée au public dans un éphémère « musée Napoléon III », durant quelques mois en 1862. Mais la situation de cette collection dans le paysage muséal français et parisien en cours d’élaboration ne fait pas l’unanimité : faut-il faire du musée Napoléon III une institution autonome et lui donner des missions proches de celles du South Kensington Museum de Londres ? Ou alors faut-il l’intégrer au Louvre, et nourrir ainsi ses collections de chefs-d’œuvre ? Articles de presse et publications aux propos acérés ponctuent le débat. Les partisans de la première solution espèrent que Paris puisse se doter d’un musée d’arts industriels qui stimule l’économie française, tandis que ceux de la seconde, qui auront gain de cause, veulent renforcer le musée universel qu’est le Louvre.

中学校技術・家庭科(技術系列)教育における新しい評価法

中学校技術・家庭科(技術系列)教育における新しい評価法