Modulation Of Induction Research Articles

Combination of cisplatin, Hedyotis corymbosa L. and Tinospora crispa extracts as a new therapy for breast cancer cells 4T1 through in vitro induction and cell cycle modulation

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent with varying side effects. Berberine compounds in Tinospora crispa and ursolic acids in Hedyotis corymbosa L are known to have high cytotoxic activities. This study was aimed to examine the effects of the combination of cisplatin, the ethanolic extract of Hedyotis corymbosa L.(EEHC), and the ethanolic extract of Tinospora crispa roots (EETC) on enhanced breast cancer cell sensitivity by apoptotic induction and cell cycle modulation. Cytotoxic effects were tested using the MTT assay in breast cancer cells, 4T1. The combination test of cisplatin and the extracts yielded combination index (CI) and cell viability, and its effects on the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle modulation were observed by the flow cytometry method. The results of the cytotoxic test showed CI of less than one for 1 mg/mL EEHC, 6 mg/mL EETC, and 1.68 mg/mL cisplatin. The EEHC-EETC-cisplatin combination accumulated cells in the S phase (29.98%) and induced apoptosis in 4T1 cells. It proves that EEHC and EETC can be developed as co-agents with cisplatin to improve the effectiveness of breast cancer chemotherapeutic treatment.

Principles of structural construction of spatially adaptive electromechanical systems with variable structure and geometry of the active surface

The salient trends of the development of modern technology, which is associated with the creation of complex spatial systems with the ability to adapt the spatial geometry of the working unit in accordance with changes in external factors are analyzed. The principles of genetic structure formation of spatially distributed modular electromechanical systems with adaptive active surface geometry are determined. The macrogenetic programs of genetically permissible basic Species of electromechanical structures with variable geometry and orientation of the active surface are determined. The dominant role of replication, mutation, and structural isomerism operators in the synthesis of spatially adaptive systems of a modular type are shown. The mechanisms of intergeneric mutations were first investigated, which determine the principles of structure formation of the objects of "elastic electromechanics", the functioning of which is accompanied by a change of the geometry of the active surface. The presence of a stable deterministic relationship between the electromagnetic chromosomes of the genetic program and isomeric chromosome compositions, with the layout of the active inductor modules and the type of spatial movement of the technological product were identified. The reliability of genetic programs and synthesis results is confirmed by the example of project synthesis of a competitive modular electromechanical system with an adaptive spatial structure, consisting of a robotic technological complex designed to operate steel pipes and sheet metal. The research results provide a systematic basis for the formulation of problems of innovative synthesis of new structural varieties of electromechanical systems with spatially adaptive modular structure of the active surface.

Properties of magnetometer utilizing high-Tc superconducting coil and inductance modulation scheme

We studied the properties of a magnetometer using high-Tc superconducting coils and an inductance modulation scheme. First, we obtained analytical expressions for the responsivity and magnetic field noise of the magnetometer that could be used for the design of a magnetometer. Next, a prototype magnetometer was fabricated and its performance was measured in liquid nitrogen. It was observed that the measured results agreed well with the calculated results, which indicated the validity of the present design method. We obtained a magnetic field noise of 0.8pT/Hz1/2 above 25 Hz when using a pickup coil with 50 turns and an average diameter of 25 mm. At low frequencies, the field noise increased when decreasing the frequency, and reached 9pT/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz. We also discuss the improvement of the magnetometer performance when the size of the pickup coil is increased.

Design, Construction, and Testing of an 80-kJ and 2.4-MJ/m3 Inductive Pulsed Power Module for Electromagnetic Launchers

Inductive pulsed power supplies have become a promising option for the power supplies of electromagnetic launchers, because they can reach a good balance between the energy storage density and the power density. This article presents a status for our research work, namely an integrated pulsed power module. The length, width, height, and volume of this module are 0.48 m, 0.3 m, 0.24 m, and 0.034 m3, respectively. In the so-far conducted highest energy-level experiment, this module reached 4.91-kA inductor charging current, 77.6-kJ inductor charging energy, and 2.36-MJ/m3 module energy density. The output current pulse reached 15.0-kA first peak value, 15.4-kA second peak value, and 14.1-ms half-peak value pulsewidth. The performance of this module has been confirmed to be stable and consistent within the range of 0–80 kJ.

A New Modular XRAM-Like Inductive High- Current Pulse Generator Circuit Topology

XRAM (MARX spelt back words) is currently a very important circuit for high current pulse generators. In our previous studies, an XRAM-like circuit was proposed based on multiple pulse transformer modules and a capacitor connected in parallel. Compared with the traditional XRAM circuit, the same number of inductive energy storage modules can be used to generate higher current pulses. This circuit is also capable to recover the residual energy and generate repetitive high-current pulses. However, this circuit topology requires more power electronic switches (three IGBT switches per pulse transformer module). In order to reduce the number of switches, by adding two IGBT switches in the capacitor module, a new modular XRAM-like circuit with reduced switches (one IGBT switch per pulse transformer module) is proposed in this paper. The change of the circuit topology makes the capacitor discharge the primary inductors of the pulse transformer in series during the residual energy recovery stage, instead of the parallel discharge in the previous circuit. This requires the closing time of the IGBT switch in each pulse transformer module ahead of the discharge start time of the capacitor. Working process of the proposed circuit was described in detail and simulations of a 12-module circuit were carried out to verify the circuit operation. Finally, the preliminary experimental results of a two-module laboratory prototype are presented. The results confirm the theoretical analysis and show the validity of the converter scheme.

Deep Induction Network for Small Samples Classification of Hyperspectral Images

Recently, the deep learning models have achieved great success in hyperspectral images (HSI) classification. However, most of the deep learning models fail to obtain satisfactory results under the condition of small samples due to the contradiction between the large parameter space of the deep learning models and the insufficient labeled samples in HSI. To address the problem, a deep model based on the induction network is designed in this article to improve the classification performance of HSI under the condition of small samples. Specifically, the typical meta-training strategy is adopted, enabling the model to acquire stronger generalization ability, so as to accurately distinguish the new classes with only a few labeled samples (e.g., five samples per class). Moreover, in order to deal with the disturbance caused by the various characteristics of the samples in the same class in HSI, the class-wise induction module is introduced utilizing the dynamic routing algorithm, which can induce the sample-wise representations to the class-wise level representations. The obtained class-wise level representations possess better separability, allowing the designed model to generate more accurate and robust classification results. Extensive experiments are carried out on three public HSI to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing deep learning methods under the condition of small samples.

RFID Based Material Sorting System using Siemens DCS Controller

The SIMATIC RF200 IO-link is an inductive identification system module which is compatible with the ISO 15693 standard and this is specifically intended to be used in the industry for the control and optimization of materialistic flow. Here the field bus distributed control system integrates with the RFID material this makes the sorting system more controlled and flexible. The system can be utilized for energy management also. The system can be extended by using it for real time power monitoring and control using dcs from multiple power sources. The profinet and profibus cables are used as bus interface here to interlace the simatic PCS 7 with the RFID and the reader.

MicroRNA-708 is a novel regulator of the Hoxa9 program in myeloid cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are commonly deregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), affecting critical genes not only through direct targeting, but also through modulation of downstream effectors. Homeobox (Hox) genes balance self-renewal, proliferation, cell death, and differentiation in many tissues and aberrant Hox gene expression can create a predisposition to leukemogenesis in hematopoietic cells. However, possible linkages between the regulatory pathways of Hox genes and miRNAs are not yet fully resolved. We identified miR-708 to be upregulated in Hoxa9/Meis1 AML inducing cell lines as well as in AML patients. We further showed Meis1 directly targeting miR-708 and modulating its expression through epigenetic transcriptional regulation. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of miR-708 in Hoxa9/Meis1 cells delayed disease onset in vivo, demonstrating for the first time a pro-leukemic contribution of miR-708 in this context. Overexpression of miR-708 however strongly impeded Hoxa9 mediated transformation and homing capacity in vivo through modulation of adhesion factors and induction of myeloid differentiation. Taken together, we reveal miR-708, a putative tumor suppressor miRNA and direct target of Meis1, as a potent antagonist of the Hoxa9 phenotype but an effector of transformation in Hoxa9/Meis1. This unexpected finding highlights the yet unexplored role of miRNAs as indirect regulators of the Hox program during normal and aberrant hematopoiesis.

HIV-1 Vpr Degrades TET2 to Suppress IRF7 and Interferon Expression in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the major source of type I interferons (IFN-I) in rapid response to viral infections, with constitutive expression of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). HIV-1 expresses several accessory proteins to counteract specific IFN-induced host restriction factors. As one abundant virion-associated protein, HIV-1 Vpr remains enigmatic in enhancing HIV-1 infection via unclear mechanisms. Here we report that Vpr impaired IFN-I induction in pDCs to enhance HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells. Blockade of IFN-I signaling abrogated the effect of Vpr on HIV-1 replication. Virion-associated Vpr suppressed IFN-I induction in pDC by TLR7 agonists. Modulation of IFN-I induction by Vpr was genetically dependent on its activity of TET2 degradation. We further demonstrate that Vpr-mediated TET2 degradation reduced expression of IRF7 in pDCs. Finally, degradation of TET2 in pDCs by Vpr reduced the demethylation level of the IRF7 promoter via CXXC5-dependent recruitment. We conclude that HIV-1 Vpr functions to promote HIV-1 replication by suppressing TET2-dependent IRF7 expression and IFN-I induction in pDCs. The Vpr-TET2-IRF7 axis provides a novel therapeutic target to control HIV-1 infection.

Rotary Wireless Inductive Transmitter Powered by ZVS Resonant Convertor

In this work, an inductive wireless power transfer module powered by resonant converter is studied. The system consists of a zero voltage switching resonant converter and a rotary wireless power transmitter. The design of the rotary wireless power transmitter is presented. Simulation and experimental studies of the system confirm reliable operation of the power electronic converter with a wide range of loads. The zero voltage switching is maintained without significant adjustments in the switching frequency. This improves the system stability with variations in the air gap between transmitting and receiving modules or the magnetic coupling ratio. The studied system is suitable for powering loads placed on a rotating platform or other applications where the disadvantages of moving electrical contacts are undesirable.

Magnetometer Using Inductance Modulation of High-Critical-Temperature Superconducting Coil for Low-Frequency Field Measurement in Presence of Excitation Fields

We have developed a new type of magnetometer using a high-critical-temperature superconductor (HTS) coil. This magnetometer consists of pickup and input coils made from HTS tape. The two coils are connected with very low joint resistance, and the signal flux that is collected by the pickup coil is transferred to the input coil. The signal at the input coil is then read out using a newly developed inductance-modulation scheme. The inductance of the input coil is modulated over time using a magnetic wire that is inserted into the input coil, and the magnetic flux is converted into a signal voltage using this time-dependent inductance. It is demonstrated that this magnetometer can measure low-frequency signal fields down to 0.03 Hz without any reduction in responsivity. The noise level was measured to be 0.85 pT/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> at frequencies above 25 Hz and reached 11 pT/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> at 1 Hz when using a pickup coil with 50 turns and an average diameter of 25 mm.

Motion Prediction Using Depth Information of Human Arm Based on Alexnet

The development of convolutional neural networks(CNN) has provided a new tool to make classification and prediction of human's body motion. This project tends to predict the drop point of a ball thrown out by experimenters by classifying the motion of their body in the process of throwing. Kinect sensor v2 is used to record depth maps and the drop points are recorded by a square infrared induction module. Firstly, convolutional neural networks are made use of to put the data obtained from depth maps in and get the prediction of drop point according to experimenters' motion. Secondly, huge amount of data is used to train the networks of different structure, and a network structure that could provide high enough accuracy for drop point prediction is established. The network model and parameters are modified to improve the accuracy of the prediction algorithm. Finally, the experimental data is divided into a training group and a test group. The prediction results of test group reflect that the prediction algorithm effectively improves the accuracy of human motion perception.

The protective effect of Cordycepin on diabetic nephropathy through autophagy induction in vivo and in vitro.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Autophagy is an important physiological function for podocytes to maintain stability of intracellular environment. In this study, we planned to clarify the effect of Cordycepin, a traditional Chinese medicine, on DN and the related mechanisms. All rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetic controls, low-dose group (10mg/kg), medium-dose group (100mg/kg), and high-dose group (500mg/kg). The level of cholesterol, blood sugar, triglyceride, creatinine, and urine protein was examined through an automatic biochemistry analyser. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) was used to detect the level of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. HE staining was used to examine histopathologic changes. TUNEL staining was used to detected cell apoptosis. The expression of fibrosis markers α-SMA, t-TG, and TIMP-1, apoptosis-related proteins cleaved-caspase3, Bax and Bcl-2, autophagy markers Beclin1, light chain 3 (LC3)I/II, and p62 were evaluated by western blot. The level of cholesterol, blood sugar, triglyceride, creatinine, and urine protein in the diabetic controls was much higher than that in the normal control group. Obvious histopathology injuries were also found in DN model group. After Cordycepin treatment, all the above indexes were improved compared with the DN group and tissue damages were also alleviated. Further studies showed that Cordycepin suppressed cell apoptosis and renal fibrosis and rescued cell autophagy in DN rat model. Moreover, the results of our in vitro experiments showed that the addition of 3-methyladenine (3-MA, specific autophagy inhibitor) successfully abolished the protective effect of Cordycepin on renal fibrosis through inducing apoptosis and renal fibrosis. The above protective effects of Cordycepin were exhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Cordycepin participated in the modulation of cell apoptosis, fibrosis, and autophagy induction in DN. Our study for the first time revealed that Cordycepin had a certain therapeutic effect on DN in rats through autophagy induction.

Linear electromagnetic motor with periodic structure of magnetic circuit

The design of the linear electromagnetic motor providing the increase of inductance modulation depth and concentration of magnetic flux in the operating air gaps is considered. The analytical method for calculation of static characteristics of the linear electromagnetic motor with several operating air gaps connected in series into the magnetic circuit is obtained. Calculations are made using the method of the magnetic circuit theory. Based on the Ampere’s circuital law, the expressions of the magnetic flux and traction force are obtained. The comparison of calculating and experimental results is presented.

On the Design of a New Simulated Inductor Using a Contactless Electrical Tomography System as an Example.

This work reports a new simulated inductor which is suitable for a Contactless Electrical Tomography (CET) system and can effectively overcome the unfavorable influence of coupling capacitance on the measurement results. By detailed analysis and comparison, it is found that the grounded simulated inductor has a simple circuit construction but its output current is not equal to its input current, while the floating simulated inductor can be used as an independent inductor module but its circuit structure is relatively complex. A new simulated inductor is designed by compensating the currents from the common node of an introduced independent power source to the main circuit. The new simulated inductor combines the advantages of the grounded simulated inductor and the floating simulated inductor. It has the simple construction similar to that of the grounded simulated inductor and its input current is equal to the output current, which means it can be used as an independent module. The impedance measurement and practical image reconstruction experiments were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the new simulated inductor. The experimental results show that the design of the new simulated inductor is successful, and the performance of the impedance measurement is satisfactory. The signal-to-noise ratio of the CET system is improved. Meanwhile, the research work also indicates that in the case when the independent power source is not available, the new simulated inductor is also an effective alternative method. But the phase difference between input signal and output signal is approximately 90° when the elimination principle is realized.

MGlu5 Positive Allosteric Modulators Facilitate Long-Term Potentiation via Disinhibition Mediated by mGlu5-Endocannabinoid Signaling.

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor type 5 (mGlu5) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) enhance hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and have cognition-enhancing effects in animal models. These effects were initially thought to be mediated by potentiation of mGlu5 modulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) currents. However, a biased mGlu5 PAM that potentiates Gαq-dependent mGlu5 signaling, but not mGlu5 modulation of NMDAR currents, retains cognition-enhancing effects in animal models, suggesting that potentiation of NMDAR currents is not required for these in vivo effects of mGlu5 PAMs. However, it is not clear whether the potentiation of NMDAR currents is critical for the ability of mGlu5 PAMs to enhance hippocampal LTP. We now report the characterization of effects of two structurally distinct mGlu5 PAMs, VU-29 and VU0092273, on NMDAR currents and hippocampal LTP. As with other mGlu5 PAMs that do not display observable bias for potentiation of NMDAR currents, VU0092273 enhanced both mGlu5 modulation of NMDAR currents and induction of LTP at the hippocampal Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapse. In contrast, VU-29 did not potentiate mGlu5 modulation of NMDAR currents but induced robust potentiation of hippocampal LTP. Interestingly, both VU-29 and VU0092273 suppressed evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal cells, and this effect was blocked by the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonist AM251. Furthermore, AM251 blocked the ability of both mGlu5 PAMs to enhance LTP. Finally, both PAMs failed to enhance LTP in mice with the restricted genetic deletion of mGlu5 in CA1 pyramidal cells. Taken together with previous findings, these results suggest that enhancement of LTP by mGlu5 PAMs does not depend on mGlu5 modulation of NMDAR currents but is mediated by a previously established mechanism in which mGlu5 in CA1 pyramidal cells induces endocannabinoid release and CB1-dependent disinhibition.

SAT-LB033 Cryptolepine Action on Insulin Resistance in High-Glucose Diet-Fed Caenorhabditis Elegans

Cryptolepine, a pharmacologically active plant alkaloid, is isolated from the roots of the shrub Cryptolepis sanguinolenta commonly found in the Central and Western regions of the African continent. Cryptolepine exhibits significant potential as an anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic agent under different in vitro and in vivo conditions. At present, relatively few studies on the effects of cryptolepine on development of insulin resistance, a pre-diabetic condition, have been reported. High-glucose diets (HGD) cause a rapid increase in blood glucose level and alter glucose homeostasis by inducing insulin resistance in organisms as diverse as yeasts, worms, and mammals. In the present study, we hypothesize that cryptolepine will prevent development of insulin resistance by its anti-inflammatory action in HGD-fed Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worms. To test the hypothesis, we examined the modulation of insulin resistance and oxidative-stress induction and associated regulatory mechanisms by cryptolepine in HGD-fed C. elegans. Initially, we investigated fat accumulation and survival (development, fertility and lifespan) in three types of C. elegans: wild-type worms, HGD-fed high-fat worms cultured in nematode growth medium containing 10 mM glucose and C. elegans daf-2 insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor mutant worms in which metabolism is shifted towards fat accumulation. Next, we determined the expression of genes involved in immune-signaling pathways, particularly, dbl-1, and the daf-2/daf-16 pathways that could be responsible for the development of insulin resistance and oxidative-stress induction in these worms. Finally, we treated all three types of C. elegans with cryptolepine to investigate whether it prevents fat accumulation and rescues the worms from insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Unless otherwise noted, all abstracts presented at ENDO are embargoed until the date and time of presentation. For oral presentations, the abstracts are embargoed until the session begins. s presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.

Metabolic-hypoxic modulation of cytokine induction of intestinal endothelial adhesion molecules: Relevance to ischemic injury mediated necrotizing enterocolitis?

BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) triggers an intense inflammatory response in the neonatal gut associated with cytokine activation, altered nutrient status and intracellular O2-deprivation. Endothelial cell adhesion molecules (ECAMs) play critical roles in driving immune cell infiltration into inflamed gut. Currently, relationships between inflammation, metabolism and ECAM expression remain poorly understood in NEC. We studied the effects of metabolic depletion (aglycemia/ hypoxia) on TNF-α mediated ECAM expression including ICAM-1, MAdCAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin, in vitro in intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (IMEC). MethodsTo study the effects of TNF-α, aglycemia and hypoxia (alone or in combination) IMECs expression of adhesion molecules was studied using cell surface ELISA and immunoblotting. ResultsTotal VCAM-1 expression was induced TNF-α and by hypoxia + TNF-α, cell surface expression was induced by hypoxia, TNF-α, TNF- α+hypoxia, and TNF- α+hypoxia and aglycemia. Total ICAM-1 increased following TNF- α, TNF- α+hypoxia, hypoxia + aglycemia, and TNF- α+hypoxia + aglycemia. Total MAdCAM-1 protein expression was significantly induced by a combination of TNF-α+hypoxia + aglycemia and cell surface expression induced by TNF- α+hypoxia. Surface expression of E-selectin was induced by TNF- α+aglycemia and TNF- α+hypoxia + aglycemia. ConclusionEnergy metabolism influences inflammation induced injury through mobilization of intestinal ECAMs, and may represent an important mechanism in NEC pathology.

P2Y2R activation by ATP induces oxLDL-mediated inflammasome activation through modulation of mitochondrial damage in human endothelial cells

Oxidative stress and the related inflammatory responses are closely associated with many diseases including cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Especially, mitochondrial damage and inflammasome activation have been reported to be directly involved in atherogenesis. In addition, we previously reported that endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to oxidized LDL (oxLDL) release ATP, which activates P2Y2R, resulting in the expression of receptors for advanced glycation end products and adhesion molecules that are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is expected that P2Y2R activation by ATP released under inflammatory conditions may be linked to the inflammasome-mediated pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. However, the exact association remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we investigated the role of P2Y2R in oxLDL-mediated inflammasome activation and the related atherosclerotic pathogenesis in ECs. ECs stimulated with oxLDL demonstrated increased intracellular production and extracellular secretion of ATP. In addition, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) expression and cytosolic release were increased in ECs stimulated with oxLDL or the P2Y2R agonists ATP and UTP. Moreover, caspase-1 activity and IL-1β production were increased in ECs stimulated with oxLDL, ATP or UTP through the modulation of mtROS production and mtDNA expression, in a P2Y2R-dependent manner. Furthermore, TLR-9 and NF-κB activation was increased in ECs in response to oxLDL, ATP or UTP, in a mtDNA-dependent manner. Taken together, our findings suggest that P2Y2R activation by ATP is involved in oxLDL-mediated inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β production through the modulation of mtROS-mtDNA induction and the TLR9-NF-κB signaling pathway.

A Novel Topology of a Liquid Metal Current Limiter for MVDC Network Applications

A liquid metal current limiter (LMCL) utilizing a fast switch and a parallel connecting path and consisting of several serial current limiting elements (CLEs) has the potential for use in a dc system. The current commutation ability is vital to the reaction time and the current limiting efficiency of this LMCL. In this paper, the characteristics of a natural current commutation driven by the arc voltage between contacts are first revealed; this method can only be applied in a low-voltage system. To fulfill the demands of a medium-voltage direct current system, an innovative LMCL topology is recommended due to the forced current commutation driven by an auxiliary magnetic induction module. A specially designed structure of magnetic coupling coils with a high coupling coefficient is proposed to improve the current commutation ability. The forced current commutation characteristic is analyzed via simulation and verified experimentally. Furthermore, the arc V–I characteristics of CLEs are deeply discussed to guide the selection of serial quantity of the CLE. Finally, a prototype for the complete LMCL is designed, assembled, and tested in the laboratory. The current limiting coefficient of the LMCL is less than 0.464, the peak value of arc voltage is approximately 6.3 kV, and the current limiting reaction time is 1.53 ms.