Principle Of Induction Research Articles

Electromagnetic Mutual Inductance Coupling Model of Wireless Power Transfer in Oil-gas downhole

According to the wireless power transfer system (WPT) in oil-gas downhole, the structure of the WPT device suitable for the simultaneous existence of oil-water medium in high-temperature and high-pressure environment is put forward by using the principle of electromagnetic induction. Through the analysis of magnetic circuit, the electromagnetic mutual inductance coupling model is established, and the main factors affecting the transmission efficiency are obtained. Based on the model, the system is simulated and verified by experiments, in order to further improve the efficiency of power transfer system.

Theta rhythm, attention and transcranial stimulation method

Noninvasive methods of transcranial stimulation in clinical and research activity have become widely applied for the last few years. Due to the high spatial and temporal resolution, these methods allow to explore oscillatory processes that underlie important cognitive functions on a new level. In particular, researchers got an opportunity to influence rhythmic processes, which provide function of attention by these methods. By the way, stimulation of different brain zones with theta-rhythm frequency appears to be interesting, as far as oscillations of attention on this frequency reveal itself both in external activity of subject and in oscillatory activity of neurons and neural ensembles. Aim – analysis and summarize of domestic and foreign researches with usage of transcranial stimulation method to identify role of theta-rhythm in attention processes. Analysis of modern data concerning significance of theta-rhythm in organization of attention processes was performed analyzed. Different modes of transcranial stimulation methods, that allow to discover fundamental role of theta-rhythm in oscillatory activity of neural assembles, which are the base for attention mechanisms were considered. The review noted that the method of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction with potential excellent temporal and sufficiently decent spatial resolution, is extensively widely used. Usually, TMS is performed with usage single-pulse, paired-pulse, or repetitive rhythmic stimulation. In current review special attention is salaried to the theta burst stimulation protocol. It was suggested that current protocol hypothesizes to influence brain plasticity and simulates the effect of theta-gamma coupling, which is to change the amplitude of the potentials at the frequency of the gamma rhythm depending on the theta wave phase. During the applying of the TMS different variants, several research methodological approaches were applied. Thus, usage of TMS may disrupt functioning in certain cortex areas , also it is possible to increase the oscillatory activity of a particular region at a particular frequency and to enhance or decrease the synchronization of remote cortical areas in a certain frequency range. These approaches may be used directly during the execution of the test task by the subjects or in the period prior the test performing. Many researches show that transcranial stimulation of some zones of cortex contributes to the achievement of better results of examinee in tests on memory and attention. This effect is most often observed while usage of stimulation with theta-rhythm frequency. Improvement of memory and attention functions has high practical meaning for wide range of activity. Understanding of regularities and mechanisms of stimulation with theta-rhythm frequency would allow to create systems and protocols of stimulation, which would effectively improve these functions for the long period.

Research on non-contact ultrasonic vibration assisted rotating electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine tool

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a nontraditional machining method by using pulsed spark discharge between workpiece and electrode to melt and remove metal. The traditional power supply method uses carbon brush and slip ring. This contact type has power supply at the contact point. Problems such as carbon deposition, leakage, and easy generation of electric sparks restrict the improvement of the rotation speed of the electrode and pose a safety hazard. The non-contact power supply technology based on the principle of electromagnetic induction can effectively solve the above problems, which can provide conditions for high-speed rotation of the electrode. In order to improve the processing quality and efficiency, this study aimed to design a small ultrasonic vibration assisted EDM machine, which can effectively avoid spark concentration and abnormal arc generation.

Research on the Three‐Dimensional Power Frequency Electric Field Measurement System

It is of great significance to accurately provide electric field information for electric power operators and electric power inspection equipment to ensure the safety of live working robots and electric power workers. In this paper, the principle of parallel plate charge induction is used to detect electric field signals and the influence of the inherent capacitance of the parallel plate on the back‐end circuit is considered. An equipotential ring is used as the structure of the sensing unit to eliminate the uncertainty generated by the edge electric field. The parameters of the sensor probe are determined by the principle of differential‐integration, and its structure is analyzed and designed. The consistency of the designed sensor probe was analyzed, and the results show that the consistency of the sensor is better. We have measured the sensitivity coefficients of the six probes, and the average absolute deviation reached 0.031556. The fits were all above 0.9995. In addition, a three‐dimensional power frequency electric field measurement system that is easy to manufacture is designed using the hexahedral structure, which solves the problem of inaccurate electric field measurement caused by the parallel plate probe and the field source being not perpendicular, and the combined field strength formula of nonuniform electric field was obtained. In the laboratory environment, the three‐dimensional power frequency electric field measurement system produced in this paper is compared with the electric field simulated by an electric field simulation tool. The test results show that the deviation between the measurement system and simulation is within ±0.55%, the measurement range is 1 kV/m–200 kV/m, the resolution is ≥1 V/m, and the maximum electric field can be measured at 200 kV/m. The nonlinear error is 2.15%, and the sensitivity coefficient is 19.10 mV/(kV · m−1), which meets the measurement requirements of the power frequency electric field and can be applied to the actual power frequency electric field measurement.

Set Theory INC <sup>#</sup> <sub>∞ #</sub> Based on Infinitary Intuitionistic Logic with Restricted Modus Ponens Rule. Part III. Hyper Inductive Definitions. Application in Transcendental Number theory. Generalized Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem.

In this paper intuitionistic set theory INC#∞ # in infinitary set theoretical language is considered. External induction principle in nonstandard intuitionistic arithmetic were derived. Non trivial application in number theory is considered. The Goldbach-Euler theorem is obtained without any references to Catalan conjecture. Main results are: (i) number ee is transcendental; (ii) the both numbers e+π and e-π are irrational.

Discovery of Electricity and the Electromagnetic Force: Its Importance for Environmentalists, Educators, Physicians, Politicians, and Citizens

The discovery of static electricity in the 18th century and electromagnetism in the 19th was one of the most momentous scientific-technological events in human history. In the 21st century our way of life depends on the electromagnetic force so totally that were our electromagnetic infrastructure to collapse, our civilization would collapse virtually simultaneously. Despite this situation of profound dependency, few citizens understand the electromagnetic force, how it was discovered, how it works, and what wonders of modern life it controls. Nor do citizens understand the roles that Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, and global electric circuit play in making electricity and life possible. Here, I review Earth’s natural electric environment and how electricity first began to be scientifically understood with the innovation of the Leyden jar in the mid-18th century; Franklin’s insights about electricity’s positive and negative poles, and its movement (later named a “current”); Galvani’s discovery of bioelectricity; and Volta’s seminal invention of the bi-metallic electrochemical battery in 1800. Ørsted’s discovery that an electric current affected a magnetized needle, causing it to swivel, in 1820 led to experiments with electromagnets by Schweigger, Arago, Ampère, Sturgeon, Henry, Faraday, and others over the course of the next decade. Observing how conducting wires induced magnetism in iron bars whenever the wires were electrified, Faraday and Henry separately discovered the principle of induction, whereby a moving magnetic field could reciprocally induce electricity in a coiled wire. Out of these momentous discoveries the “magneto-electric” telegraph was invented, and, within a single generation, the world was wired.

From CAPTCHA to Commonsense: How Brain Can Teach Us About Artificial Intelligence.

Despite the recent progress in AI powered by deep learning in solving narrow tasks, we are not close to human intelligence in its flexibility, versatility, and efficiency. Efficient learning and effective generalization come from inductive biases, and building Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is an exercise in finding the right set of inductive biases that make fast learning possible while being general enough to be widely applicable in tasks that humans excel at. To make progress in AGI, we argue that we can look at the human brain for such inductive biases and principles of generalization. To that effect, we propose a strategy to gain insights from the brain by simultaneously looking at the world it acts upon and the computational framework to support efficient learning and generalization. We present a neuroscience-inspired generative model of vision as a case study for such approach and discuss some open problems about the path to AGI.

Electronic Communication System of Marine Mobile Detection Platform

Du, Y.T. and Yang, N.N., 2020. Electronic communication system of marine mobile detection platform. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 133–136. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the continuous development and maturity of communication technology, marine information detection has entered the stage of stereo detection. The marine mobile detection platform is operated automatically, and can achieve the real-time collection, processing, storage and display of marine information, and it is now the most widely used tool for marine detection. Based on the inductive coupling principle of the electronic communication system, this paper studies the electronic communication system of the marine mobile detection platform to achieve mooring system coupling of electronic communication and transmission. The research results show that the mooring system coupling of the electronic communication can realize network communication; signal processing design and communication control software design of the electronic communication system is the core of electronic communication and transmission. In the initial configuration of the electronic communication host control system, the first thing is to configure the system clock and initialize the register. This paper found through experiments that the power consumption of the electronic communication system was 0.085%, and the communication stability was good. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for realizing a new type of electronic communication method for marine detection.

Концепция цифровых валют центральных банков: основные риски в части соблюдения требований AML («противодействия отмыванию денег») и KYC («знай своего клиента»)

Objective: to research a new financial tool, namely, digital currencies of central banks, to analyze the essence of stablecoins as a new financial tool, and to assess the risks of non-compliance with the AML (“anti-money laundering”) and KYC (“know your customer”) requirements when stablecoins are distributed.Methods: the research used methods of system analysis, dialectical method and its derivatives, methods and principles of determinism, induction, deduction and hypothesis. Functional and statistical methods were used to systematize the obtained data.Results: digital currencies, though rejected by many states, are becoming more and more widely spread. In this regard, the concept of creating state-owned digital currencies is the most discussed one in the global financial community. In some countries, central banks are already testing them. However, their global spread has been impeded by concerns about the possibility of their use for criminal purposes. In the Russian Federation, where the state has currently no established position on the nature of digital financial assets, discussions are also underway on the possibility of creating an interstate digital currency. The article discusses the features and types of stablecoins and their advantages relative to other types of cryptocurrencies. The main advantages of the Central Bank’s digital currency and its application in accounting are considered. According to the study results, the main risks associated with the spread of state digital currencies were clarified.Scientific novelty: for the first time in the Russian legal science, the study evaluates the concept of digital currencies of central banks from the position of key risks that prevent their widespread distribution and implementation. The main risks in the field of countering money laundering and compliance with the KYC principle, which assumes the final beneficiary identification, are shown.Practical significance: the research results presented in the paper can be used to improve the state policy on the legalization of digital financial assets, including state digital currencies.

A new coil structure for positioning estimate of wireless power transmission

Accurate positioning is certainly essential in wireless power transmission (WPT) for the improvement of transmission efficiency. This article proposes a novel positioning coil structure for the WPT system, which determines the offset direction of the transmitter and receiver using the principle of mutual inductance. First, a new wireless positioning structure and parameters are designed. Then, the theoretical formulas are derived, which help to obtain the functional relationships between coils and distances. According to the various mutual inductances of the proposed positioning structure, how to determine the specific offset direction of the receiver is further discussed. Meanwhile, the intensity of the magnetic field between the transmitter and receiver is simulated. Finally, the hardware experiment platform is established to verify the theory. The simulation and experimental results show that the coil structure effectively realizes the determination of the load deviation direction. This method is of practical significance in realizing the precise positioning of the transmitter and receiver, which enable the creation of novel reconfigurable devices as potential applications.

Experimental study on simulation test system and electrostatic monitoring of rub fault of air circuit of engine based on the IoT perception

Aeroengine gas-path fault is a critical engine fault, which can seriously affect the normal operation of the engine and threaten flight safety. Due to aeroengine working characteristics, friction faults probably occur between the rotor and stator during aeroengine operation. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately and quickly judge the friction fault for the entire engine fault. According to aeroengine friction fault mechanism, a friction fault monitoring technology was proposed based on the electrostatic induction principle to solve the problem that the friction fault of aeroengine blades is difficult to monitor online. The Internet of things (IoT) technology was employed to acquire data from equipment and state information, and a friction fault test system was developed to simulate electrostatic monitoring of gas-path high-speed airflow and multi-impact loads. Then, a test bench was designed to conduct electrostatic monitoring experiments of multi-group friction under different rubbing modes, different materials and different rubbing degrees. Application of the IoT technology can fulfill real-time monitoring of the operation state of equipment and reveal the defects of large equipment, promoting the merge of IoT with the manufacturing industry and pushing IoT development towards a more transparent and intelligent future.

Integrated energy storage system based on triboelectric nanogenerator in electronic devices

The emergence of electronic devices has brought earth-shaking changes to people’s life. However, an external power source may become indispensable to the electronic devices due to the limited capacity of batteries. As one of the possible solutions for the external power sources, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) provides a novel idea to the increasing number of personal electronic devices. TENG is a new type of energy collector, which has become a hot spot in the field of nanotechnology. It is widely used at the acquisition and conversion of mechanical energy to electric energy through the principle of electrostatic induction. On this basis, the TENG could be integrated with the energy storage system into a self-powered system, which can supply power to the electronic devices and make them work continuously. In this review, TENG’s basic structure as well as its working process and working mode are firstly discussed. The integration method of TENGs with energy storage systems and the related research status are then introduced in detail. At the end of this paper, we put forward some problems and discuss the prospect in the future.

WATER POWER GENERATOR FOR PUBLIC ROAD ILLUMINATION LIGHTS OF PADI VILLAGE MOJOKERTO

Electricity problems in rural areas more and more electric power is needed. Until now, power plants that use water turbines are environmentally friendly electricity producers, so the potential for energy from the air needs to be utilized to address the demand for electricity. Therefore, the solution to this problem is to use the "Design and Construction of Hydroelectric Generator for Public Street Lighting".
 The generator is a source of electric voltage obtained by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator works based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which is by rotating a coil in a magnetic field so that the induced GGL (Electric Motion Force) arises. In this thesis, a research is conducted on the Water Turbine Generator in the river in the village area of Padi Gondang Mojokerto as an object of water flow in order to generate electric power to reduce crime in the area in the form of a load object in the form of Public Street Lighting.

Model checking safety and liveness via k-induction and witness refinement with constraint generation

• Automatic SAT-based model checking of concurrent software systems. • Incremental and complete bounded model checking based on k -induction. • Multi-model abstraction refinement technique that constructs global and local models. • Refinement based on path constraints derived from unsatisfiable cores. • Support of model checking liveness properties based on a reduction to safety. In this article, we revise our constraint-based abstraction refinement technique for checking temporal logic properties of concurrent software systems. Our technique employs predicate abstraction and SAT-based three-valued bounded model checking. In contrast to classical refinement techniques where a single state space model is iteratively explored and refined with predicates, our approach is as follows: We use a coarsely-abstracted global state space model where we check for abstract witness paths for the property of interest. For each detected abstract witness we construct a local model whose state space is restricted to refinements of the witness only. On the local models we check whether the witness is real or spurious. We eliminate spurious witnesses in the global model via spurious segment constraints , which do not increase the state space complexity. Our technique is complete and terminates when a real witness in a local model can be detected, or no more witnesses in the global model exist. While our technique was originally restricted to the verification of safety properties, we extend it here to the verification of liveness properties. For this, we make use of the state recording translation of the input system, which reduces liveness model checking to safety checking. Another restriction of our original approach was its incompleteness due to the nature of bounded model checking. Here we show how abstraction refinement-based bounded model checking can be combined with the k -induction principle, which enables unbounded model checking. Our approach is iterative with regard to the bound. The extended approach also allows us to define enhanced concepts for strengthening the constraints that we use to rule out spurious behaviour and for reusing constraints between bound iterations. We demonstrate that our approach enables the complete verification of safety and liveness properties with a reduced state space complexity and a better solving time in comparison to classical abstraction refinement techniques.

Clinical and Neurochemical Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in Multiple Sclerosis: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a technique based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. It applies pulses of magnetic radiation that penetrate the brain tissue, and it is a non-invasive, painless, and practically innocuous procedure. Previous studies advocate the therapeutic capacity of TMS in several neurodegenerative and psychiatric processes, both in animal models and in human studies. Its uses in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and in Huntington's chorea have shown improvement in the symptomatology and in the molecular profile, and even in the cellular density of the brain. Consequently, the extrapolation of these TMS results in the aforementioned neurodegenerative disease to other entities with etiopathogenic and clinical analogy would raise the relevance and feasibility of its use in multiple sclerosis (MS). The overall objective will be to demonstrate the effectiveness of the TMS in terms of safety and clinical improvement, as well as to observe the molecular changes in relation to the treatment.Methods and Design: Phase II clinical trial, unicentric, controlled, randomized, single blind. A total of 90 patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who meet all the inclusion criteria and do not present any of the exclusion criteria that are established and from which clinically evaluable results can be obtained. The patients included will be assigned under the 1:1:1 randomization formula, constituting three groups for the present study: 30 patients treated with natalizumab + white (placebo) + 30 patients treated with natalizumab + TMS (1 Hz) + 30 patients treated with natalizumab + TMS (5 Hz).Discussion: Results of this study will inform on the efficiency of the TMS for the treatment of MS. The expected results are that TMS is a useful therapeutic resource to improve clinical status (main parameters) and neurochemical profile (surrogate parameters); both types of parameters will be checked.Ethics and Dissemination: The study is approved by the Local Ethics Committee and registered in https://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04062331). Dissemination will include submission to a peer-reviewed journal, patients, associations of sick people and family members, healthcare magazines and congress presentations.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04062331 (registration date: 19th/ August/2019).Version Identifier: EMTr-EMRR, ver-3, 21/11/2017.

Measurement and Modeling of the Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Brain

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method of noninvasively modulating the excitability of the brain. TMS relies on the principle of electromagnetic induction in producing an electric field that stimulates neurons. Measuring the effect of TMS in real time and being able to determine its spatiotemporal resolution increase its potential in both research and clinical applications. In this article, the authors model the electric fields of three TMS coils: quadruple butterfly coil (QBC), triple halo coil (THC), and the magventure B65 coils, by performing computational finite-element (FE) analysis using the Sim4life software. To evaluate the accuracy of the electromagnetic models, we devised a novel experimental protocol that compares the maximum field intensity stimulated using modeling with the induced voltage experimentally measured within a phantom brain in response to TMS.

Research on Non-destructive Testing Method of Coating Thickness of Turbine Blade

Turbine blades are an important component of the turbine section of a gas turbine engine. High-temperature blade coating is a key technology for the manufacture of turbine engines, and its complex surface structure is currently lacking an effective non-destructive evaluation method for coating thickness. In this paper, the eddy current field is directly exciting in the substrate metal of the turbine blade coating system to achieve non-destructive detection of the coating thickness and substrate material. The results show that a new method of coating non-destructive testing based on the principle of array induction logging three-coil system is proposed. The shielding coil effectively cancels the direct coupling signal and enhances the signal from the coating and the substrate; when the distance between the transmitting coil and the main receiving coil is 8cm and the scale factor α is about 0.7047, the signal-to-noise ratio is increased by 102 times, and when the scale factor α is about 0.9032, the signal-to-noise ratio is increased by 215 times, the focusing effect is obvious while the scale factor α raises, and the sensitivity is also greatly improved; the receiving array is more than 4cm away from the transmitting coil, reflecting the more obvious change of coating thickness. When the distance between the transmitting coil and the main receiving coil is 4∼9cm, and the scale factor α is about 0.9032, the imaginary part of the measurement signal reflects the coating thickness changes more sensitively, and the real part of the measurement signal reflects substrate material changes more sensitively.

Modernizing the lending facility under concession agreements

Subject. The article addresses modernization of lending facilities under concession agreements. It is important for evaluating the terms of credit transactions, effectiveness of credit projects, and the concessionaire's ability to repay the loan. Objectives. The purpose is to review the current financing mechanism and underpin approaches to improving the credit facilities within concession agreements. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods, like the systems and logical analysis and synthesis, principles of induction and deduction, financial calculation techniques. The analytical part employs the balance method, methods of financial coefficients and the method of technical and economic estimates. Results. I analyzed the financial structure and special characteristics of concession agreements, parameters of concessionaires’ activities; considered the types of risks inherent in bank lending under concession agreements, methods for their identification and mitigation; offered a mechanism of lending, including the structure of credit transactions, restrictions for the financial condition of concessionaires, additional requirements and penalties for their non-fulfillment. The findings can help banks define lending parameters for concession agreements. The provided recommendations may be useful for consideration by the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. It is possible to reduce the risks of lending under concession contracts, if their terms and conditions are stable, and if the lost income of concessionaires is compensated in the event of early termination. Reasonable tariffs for works and services and increased revenue collection will promote this type of lending.

Operation Characteristics for the Superconducting Arc-Induction Type DC Circuit Breaker

The multi-terminal direct current network is expected to commercialize while carrying out projects related to DC power systems worldwide. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop a DC circuit breaker required for the DC power system. A DC circuit breaker should be developed to protect the DC power system and the consumer from the transient state on the line in any case. Currently, the use of power semiconductors increases the performance of DC circuit breakers. However, power semiconductors are expensive and suffer series of losses from frequent failures. Therefore, the DC circuit breaker must have a reliable, stable, and inexpensive structure. We proposed a new type of arc-induction type DC circuit breaker. It consists of a mechanical blocking contact, an induction needle and a superconducting magnet. It blows the arc with an induction needle using the Lorentz force according to the high magnetic field of the superconducting magnet. The arc-induction needle absorbs the arc and flows through the ground wire to the ground to extinguish the arc. We established this principle of arc induction as a mathematical model. In addition, the Maxwell program was used to secure data of electric and magnetic fields and apply them to mathematical models. The results obtained through numerical analysis were analyzed and compared. As a result, we confirmed that the magnitude of the force exerted on the electrons between the mechanical contacts with the superconducting magnets increased about 1.41 times and reasoned the arc-induction phenomenon out numerically.

Near-Field Wireless Power and Data Transmission Through two-wire Power Carrier

These days wireless power transfer is the widely used technology to transmit power and information simultaneously. In this paper, the magnetic induction principle is used to transfer power and information simultaneously through a single winding arrangement. It is shown that a 7W LED lamp can be illuminated between a distance of about 5mm. Magnetic induction principle can be applied to a short-range power and information transfer only. This paper discusses the underwater LED light luminaire transmitter and receiver design components, along with it shows the mode switching of LED. The power transfer efficiency is about 65% when the transmitter and receiver are placed in-line and power efficiency decreases with the displacement of the lamp to either side.