Principle Of Induction Research Articles

Exploring Wettability: A Key to Optimizing Liquid-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerators.

Nowadays, the liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator (L-S TENG) has gained much attention among researchers because of its ability to be a part of self-powering technology by harvesting ultra-low-frequency vibration in the environment. The L-S TENG works with the principle of contact electrification (CE) and electrostatic induction, in which CE takes place between the solid and liquid. The exact mechanism behind the CE at the L-S interface is still a debatable topic because many physical parameters of both solid and liquid triboelectric layers contribute to this process. In the L-S TENG device, water or solvents are commonly used as liquid triboelectric layers, for which their wettability over the solid triboelectric layer plays a significant role. Hence, this review is extensively focused on the influence of the wettability of solid surfaces on the CE and the corresponding impact on the output performance of L-S TENGs. The present review starts with introducing the L-S TENG, a mechanism that contributes to CE at the L-S interface, the significance of hydrophobic materials/surfaces in TENG devices, and their fabrication methods. Further, the impact of the contact angle over the electron/ion transfer over various surfaces has been extensively analyzed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of the fabrication and utilization of superhydrophobic surfaces in the context of L-S TENGs have been included. This review serves as a foundation for future research aimed at optimizing the L-S TENG performance and inspiring new approaches in material design and multifunctional energy-harvesting systems.

Towards atomic-scale smooth surface manufacturing of β-Ga2O3 via highly efficient atmospheric plasma etching

Abstract The highly efficient manufacturing of atomic-scale smooth β-Ga2O3 surface is fairly challenging because β-Ga2O3 is a typical difficult-to-machine material. In this study, a novel plasma dry etching method named plasma-based atom-selective etching (PASE) is proposed to achieve the highly efficient, atomic-scale, and damage-free polishing of β-Ga2O3. The plasma is excited through the inductive coupling principle and carbon tetrafluoride is utilized as the main reaction gas to etch β-Ga2O3. The core of PASE polishing of β-Ga2O3 is the remarkable lateral etching effect, which is ensured by both the intrinsic property of the surface and the extrinsic temperature condition. As revealed by density functional theory-based calculations, the intrinsic difference in the etching energy barrier of atoms at the step edge (2.36 eV) and in the terrace plane (4.37 eV) determines their difference in the etching rate, and their etching rate difference can be greatly enlarged by increasing the extrinsic temperature. The polishing of β-Ga2O3 based on the lateral etching effect is further verified in the etching experiments. The Sa roughness of β-Ga2O3 (001) substrate is decreased from 14.8 to 0.057 nm within 120 s, and the corresponding material removal rate reaches up to 20.96 μm/min. The polished β-Ga2O3 displays significantly improved crystalline quality and photoluminescence intensity, and the polishing effect of PASE is independent of the crystal faces of β-Ga2O3. In addition, the competition between chemical etching and physical reconstruction, which is determined by temperature and greatly affects the surface state of β-Ga2O3, is deeply studied for the first time. These findings not only demonstrate the high-efficiency and high-quality polishing of β-Ga2O3 via atmospheric plasma etching but also hold significant implications for guiding future plasma-based surface manufacturing of β-Ga2O3.

Timings of Dance Techniques as a Separate Lexical Component of Papping

The purpose of the work is to identify, analyse, and structure one of the understudied lexical components of papping and illusory styles. Research methodology. In the process of research, the principle of induction was used, as well as the following methods: analysis and synthesis – in the process of working with information sources; comparison – to identify identical facts and patterns; formalisation – for recording the detected timings in a single format. Scientific novelty. For the first time, in the process of analysing the dance vocabulary of popping and other illusory styles, their little-studied lexical component – timings – was revealed. A clear definition of this term is given, that is, the main characteristics of this component. Most of the used (basic) timings are identified and described, and their graphic record is also given. Conclusions. The analysis of the dance vocabulary of popping and other illusory styles made it possible to highlight their little-studied lexical component – timings. A clear meaning was also given to the term "timing", which is rhythmic after the use of dance technique (muscle control), which the dancer can impose on their own dance (dance movements, position). Research into this lexical constituent process has identified several "baseline" timings for popping and illusory styles. They are based on two basic dance techniques – pap and dime stop. Some of them correspond to individual dance movements or a specific illusory style. For a simple analysis and understanding of the timings, the article used a graphic model of their recording, which allows you to visually display the timings in accordance with the musical score. Thus, timings can be used as a separate lexical component of papping and its adjacent styles with their own characteristics and specificity. This component is closely related to music and, for the most part, a conflict for the dancer to diversify their performance by adding to its various rhythms.

High-Precision Angle Measurement for Position Control in Industrial Drives Systems with Shaft Resolver

Resolver is a shaft angle sensor, which is mechanically connected to the motor shaft and operates according to the induction principle. A high frequency sinusoidal signal is applied to its input and produces two signals in the form of sine and cosine at its output. The output signals include the angle information of the motor shaft. Using these signals, the shaft angle of the motor is determined. In the study, a sinusoidal signal at the 5 kHz frequency was applied to an input resolver as the conventional method. After, the fact that applied to two PWM signals which has a duty ratio d=0.5 at 20 kHz and 100 kHz frequency is proposed as different from the conventional method. These PWM signals are the input signals of the resolver. Thus, complex equipment will not be needed to produce the high frequency sinusoidal signal. With only a simple amplifier circuit, a high frequency input signal will be produced. More sensitive angle information will be obtained with high frequency stimulation. A simulation study of conventional and proposed methods has been performed in MATLAB/Simscape environment. As a result of the simulation study, the information on the motor angle obtained from both methods was compared by using figures and details. By increasing the applied PWM signal from 20 kHz to 100 kHz, measurement errors related to shaft angle change were minimized and more precise position information was obtained.

Theories of Frege structure equivalent to Feferman's system [formula omitted]

Feferman [9] defines an impredicative system T0 of explicit mathematics, which is proof-theoretically equivalent to the subsystem ▪ of second-order arithmetic. In this paper, we propose several systems of Frege structure with the same proof-theoretic strength as T0. To be precise, we first consider the Kripke–Feferman theory, which is one of the most famous truth theories, and we extend it by two kinds of induction principles inspired by [22]. In addition, we give similar results for the system based on Aczel's original Frege structure [1]. Finally, we equip Cantini's supervaluation-style theory with the notion of universes, the strength of which was an open problem in [24].

Detection of Stress Distribution in Surrounding Rock of Coal Seam Roadway Based on Charge Induction Principle

Rock burst is a worldwide prevention and control problem, and the main reason for its occurrence is the concentration of stress in the surrounding rock of the coal roadway. Therefore, it is of great significance to realize the rapid and accurate detection of the stress distribution in the surrounding rock of the roadway for the prevention and control of rock burst. Based on the principle of charge induction, this paper adopts a research method combining theoretical analysis and indoor and field tests to carry out a study on the charge induction detection of stress distribution of surrounding rock in coal seam roadways using the self-developed coal rock charge induction monitor. A theoretical analysis of the charge induction intensity in relation to the stress level is carried out. Indoor tests on the law of charge induction for graded loading of large sized coal samples are carried out. Field detection tests of the charge induction law at different drilling depths on the solid coal side and the large coal pillar side of the coal seam roadway are carried out. The results show a positive correlation between the charge signal intensity and the stress magnitude. The induced charge of coal samples has a tendency to increase with the increase in graded loading stress level. The magnitude of the induced charge can reflect the stress level of the coal body. On the solid coal side, the induced charge has a tendency of increasing and then decreasing with the increase in detection depth. The final results are in good agreement with the results of the drill chip method, which better reflects the distribution of the lateral support pressure of the roadway. On the side of the large coal pillar, the induced charge has a tendency to increase, then decrease, and then increase with the increase in probing depth, which is in good agreement with the distribution of lateral support pressure formed in the elastic core area of the large coal pillar. Therefore, the charge induction technology can be used as a fast, non-contact detection means for the partitioning and stress distribution of the roadway enclosure, which can provide guidance for the target prevention and controlling rock burst and for designing roadway support.

Detection of Underground Utility Pole Base for Distribution Transmission Network Based on Transient Electromagnetic Method

In the construction of overhead distribution network lines, ensuring the stability and construction quality of utility pole foundations is crucial. Traditionally, this process may involve excavation and direct inspection, which is not only time-consuming but may also cause environmental damage. The non-destructive detection scheme proposed in this paper, based on the transient electromagnetic method (TEM), offers an efficient and non-intrusive method for detecting the burial conditions of utility pole bases, pulls, and chucks. The transient electromagnetic method is a geophysical exploration technique that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to detect the distribution of underground materials. When detecting utility pole bases, this method analyzes the electromagnetic response generated by underground metallic structures to obtain information. However, traditional TEM has a blind zone problem in shallow metal detection, which limits its application in utility pole base inspection. To address this issue, the scheme proposed in this paper introduces a decoupling coil to eliminate interference caused by the primary magnetic field. This decoupling technology significantly improves the detection discrimination, allowing for a more accurate determination of the burial depth and condition of bases, pulls, and chucks. Finite element numerical analysis using COMSOL 5.4 is adopted to examine the underground magnetic field distribution and optimize coil parameters. This analysis helps to understand the interaction between the electromagnetic field and underground structures, guiding the design of coils and the development of detection strategies. The prototype experimental platform built further validates the effectiveness of the scheme. Experimental results include measured data of magnetic field variations, assessments of detection depth and resolution. These experimental results are crucial for verifying the practical application potential of the non-destructive detection scheme.

Two-Field Excitation for Contactless Inductive Flow Tomography.

Contactless inductive flow tomography (CIFT) is a flow measurement technique allowing for visualization of the global flow in electrically conducting fluids. The method is based on the principle of induction by motion: very weak induced magnetic fields arise from the fluid motion under the influence of a primary excitation magnetic field and can be measured precisely outside of the fluid volume. The structure of the causative flow field can be reconstructed from the induced magnetic field values by solving the according linear inverse problem using appropriate regularization methods. The concurrent use of more than one excitation magnetic field is necessary to fully reconstruct three-dimensional liquid metal flows. In our laboratory demonstrator experiment, we impose two excitation magnetic fields perpendicular to each other to a mechanically driven flow of the liquid metal alloy GaInSn. In the first approach, the excitation fields are multiplexed. Here, the temporal resolution of the measurement needs to be kept as high as possible. Consecutive application by multiplexing enables determining the flow structure in the liquid with a temporal resolution down to 3 s with the existing equipment. In another approach, we concurrently apply two sinusoidal excitation fields with different frequencies. The signals are disentangled on the basis of the lock-in principle, enabling a successful reconstruction of the liquid metal flow.

Simulation Analysis and Experimental Research on Vibration Characteristics of Series Reactors in Multiple Operating Status

Abstract This article examines the vibration properties of reactors across various operational scenarios, including normal operation, interturn arc short circuit faults, and interturn metal fusion short circuit faults. It begins by analyzing the vibration mechanism of reactors, drawing upon principles of electromagnetic induction and Ampere’s law. Then, a multi condition mechanical-electromagnetic interaction model was established for the series reactor, and the axial electrodynamic force distribution of the reactor was analyzed. Finally, a vibration characteristics test platform for series reactors under multiple operating conditions was built, and the vibration velocity distribution of the reactors was analyzed. The research results indicate that under normal operating condition, the maximum vibration velocity of the reactor appears at its lower end; When the Interturn arc short circuit fault occurs, the vibration speed at different positions of the reactor increases, and the vibration velocity at the short-circuit point will significantly increase with the development of the short-circuit fault; When the interturn metal fusion short circuit fault occurs, the amplitude of the vibration signal at the short-circuit point is greater than that of the arc short-circuit vibration signal.

High-efficiency thermal-electric conversion enabled by water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators within a 3D pulsating heat pipe

At present, effective strategies for obtaining electric energy from harvesting and converting thermal energy have attracted great attention in the field of new energy. According to the working principle of electrostatic induction and triboelectrification, the triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) technology is regarded as a promising energy harvester. Herein, we propose a novel thermal-electric generator that combines a liquid-solid TENG and a 3D pulsating heat pipe (3D-PHP). The liquid-solid TENG consists of copper foil and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubes, and 50 % deionized water is filled into the 3D-PHP. Based on phase change heat transfer, water columns in the 3D-PHP will pulsate and flow through a liquid-solid TENG, leading to the generation of electric energy. The minimum thermal resistance of this 3D-PHP with TENGs is only 0.131 K/W at a heating power of 200 W, indicating it has excellent heat transfer performance. The peak output voltage and power generated by the developed 3D-PHP generator are up to 14 V and 1.05 μW, respectively. Finally, the harvested electricity is successfully applied to power a digital thermometer. These findings will offer a promising strategy for harvesting thermal energy from electronic equipment and systems involving high-flux heat production and dissipation.

Local fractional Laplace transform iterative method for solving Korteweg–de Vries equation with the local fractional derivative

The local fractional Korteweg–de Vries equations were considered in this paper. Series solutions for the linear and nonlinear case were examined using the local fractional Laplace transform iterative method. This proposed method is the coupling of the local fractional Laplace transform with the new iterative method. The existence and uniqueness of the solutions is considered using the principle of mathematical induction. Furthermore, illustrative examples were considered and the graphs are shown. The results obtained in this study reveal the benefit of this method and provide valuable insight into the behavior of complex phenomena in a precise and efficient manner with less computational work and implementation ease.

Image reconstruction of electrostatic tomography based on the improved residual network.

The core of electrostatic tomography (EST) is to solve the inverse problem, but the EST independent measurement data are much smaller than the value that needs to be reconstructed, resulting in a more serious inverse problem. This paper presents an improved ResNet-34 network (P-ResNet), which consists of an input layer, a residual feature extraction layer, and an output layer. The number of residual blocks is 3, 4, 4, and 3. After the second convolution in the main path of each residual block, a ReLU activation function is added to enhance the nonlinear expression ability of the network, and the generalization ability of the model is improved by introducing the L2 regularization loss function. A total of 15 930 sets of samples were simulated for the simulation test. After 200 rounds of iteration, the reconstruction results show that the network achieves high accuracy in EST image reconstruction tasks. In addition, the model is tested under different degrees of Gaussian white noise to verify its anti-noise ability. Compared with the traditional algorithms, the image correlation coefficients of this proposed model network are higher. In addition, this paper designs a small sensor to obtain the induced charge values through the principle of electrostatic induction. The reconstructed results obtained from the experimental data are consistent with the simulation results, which verifies the effectiveness and generalization ability of the proposed model.

Analysis of the effect of mutual inductance on reducing output current ripple of the modified DC-DC Cuk converter

DC-DC converters exhibiting minimal input and output ripple are extensively employed across a diverse range of applications. This paper presents a proposed modification to the DC-DC Cuk converter. The converter is developed by modifying a conventional Cuk DC-DC converter to exhibit boost characteristics. The DC-DC converters possess the capability to function as versatile units that can be employed in a multitude of applications, ranging from DC-DC conversion to DC-AC conversion (inversion). This paper presents a novel DC-DC converter design that aims to achieve reduced ripple in both input and output currents. By employing the principle of mutual inductance, it is possible to further mitigate the presence of ripple current. The analysis of the impact of mutual inductance on the output voltage and ripple current of the proposed converter has been conducted. The validity of the derived analytical method has been confirmed through both simulated and experimental investigations. The utilization of mutual inductance in the proposed modified Cuk converter has been demonstrated to result in reduced current ripple.

Free-standing graphene oxide/carboxymethyl cellulose paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered motion sensor

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are innovative energy-harnessing devices that serve as potential power sources for small portable electronics, operating on the principle of electrostatic induction. In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of paper-like flexible graphene oxide/carboxymethyl cellulose (GO/CMC) composite film and their use as a tribo-positive layer in the TENG with fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film as the tribo-negative layer. The GO/CMC TENG possesses high-energy harvesting performance compared to the bare CMC-based TENG that is due to the increase in surface charge of CMC due to the inclusion of GO sheets, as analyzed using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). The GO/CMC TENG device demonstrates an output voltage of 97 V and a short-circuit current of 1.2 µA, achieving a peak power of 41.4 µW, notably higher compared to state-of-the-art TENG devices. As a proof-of-concept, we also demonstrated the practical applicability of the GO/CMC TENG in day-to-day life for monitoring the human body motions and to drive portable electric devices, which ensures their candidature towards next-generation self-powered systems.

WIRELESS CHARGING FOR ELECTRICAL VEHICLES

Nowadays Wireless power transmission (WPT) is popular and gaining technology finding its application in various fields. The power is transferred from a source to an electrical load without the need of interconnections. Wireless power Transmission (WPT) is useful to power electrical devices where physical wiring is not possible or inconvenient. The technology uses the principle of mutual inductance. One of the best future applications finds in automotive sector especially in Electrical Vehicles. This project deals with research and development of wireless charging systems for Electric Vehicles using Wireless transmission. The main goal is to transmit power using resonance coupling and to build charging systems. The System deals with AC source, transmission coil, reception coil, converter and electric load which are battery. As Electric Vehicles (EVs) continue to gain popularity as a sustainable transportation solution, the need for efficient charging infrastructure becomes increasingly critical. Wireless charging technology presents a promising solution to address the limitations of traditional plug-in charging systems, offering convenience and flexibility to EV users. This Project explores the concept of wireless EV charging while the vehicle is in motion, also known as dynamic wirelesscharging (DWC). By integrating inductive power transfer (IPT) technology with dynamic charging infrastructure embedded in roadways or dedicated lanes, vehicles can replenish their batteries continuously while in motion, extending their range and reducing the need for frequent stops. Furthermore, DWC has the potential to enhance the feasibility and adoption of EVs in various sectors, including public transportation, logistics, and personal mobility. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of wireless EV charging while the vehicle is inmotion, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and future prospects.

Design & Simulation of an Intelligent Energy Management System for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

The transition towards electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates the development of efficient and reliable charging infrastructure. This paper presents the design and simulation of an EV charging station using MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed charging station incorporates both wired and wireless charging capabilities, aiming to provide a comprehensive solution that meets the diverse needs of EV users. The design process involves creating detailed models of the charging station components, including the power electronics for AC/DC conversion, wireless power transfer modules, and control systems for charge management. The MATLAB/Simulink environment offers robust tools for modeling and simulating these components, allowing for thorough analysis and optimization. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the charging station design in terms of efficiency, power management, and user convenience. The wired charging system is modeled to ensure compliance with standard charging protocols, optimizing the power flow to achieve minimal charging times while maintaining safety and reliability. The wireless charging system, based on inductive power transfer principles, is evaluated for its alignment sensitivity, power transfer efficiency, and interoperability with different vehicle models. Key performance metrics such as charging efficiency, power quality, and thermal performance are analyzed under various operating conditions. The simulation results indicate that the proposed design can achieve high efficiency and reliable operation, with wireless charging efficiencies exceeding 90% under optimal alignment conditions. Keywords: METLAB, Simulink, AC-DC, Simulation, Wireless Charging etc.

Impact factor on the measurement stability of Roche's coil

Compared with the traditional electromagnetic current sensor, Roche coil has advantage in no magnetic saturation phenomenon, simple structure, and has been widely used in current measurement. However, the measurement accuracy, bandwidth and sensitivity of Roche coils are still affected by a variety of factors, and the problem in ensuring the stability of the measurement system of Roche coils still remains to be a problem nowadays. This article is a review of how each factor affects the measurement stability of Rochester coils. In addition, Roche coils also have certain limitations, such as not being able to directly measure the size of the DC current for the principle of current mutual inductance , in order to make Roche coils to obtain a wider range of applications, this article mentions the zero-drift adjustment method, the method of AC superposition, the use of differential coils, and the method of the Hall effect sensor, which are of guiding significance for the future design of Roche coils capable of measuring DC currents.

Non-drug therapies for patients with vibration disease associated with exposure to local vibration

Non-drug methods include acupuncture, the most effective way to regulate the body's energy system. Pulsed magnetic stimulation (PMS) is based on the application of the principles of electromagnetic induction, causes hyperpolarization or depolarization of nerve cells. The methods are practically not used in the clinic of occupational diseases, and their effectiveness in the treatment of vibration disease (VD) has not been established. The study aims to evaluate changes in the central nervous system and peripheral nerves, as well as in the psychological status of patients with vibration disease after sessions of acupuncture and pulsed magnetic stimulation. Using the acupuncture method, 24 male patients were treated with a diagnosis of VD associated with exposure to local vibration (average age 49.9±3.8 years, average length of service — 19.4±4.3 years), PMS — 24 people with a diagnosis of VD associated with exposure to local vibration (average age 48.8±3.4 years, average length of service — 18.1±3.4 years). The treatment methods performed made it possible to improve the quality of therapy, which was confirmed by a positive change in the indicators of visual and somatosensory evoked potentials, data from electroneuromyographic studies, vibration sensitivity and algesimetry, the state of the mnestic and attentional spheres of activity improved. The use of the acupuncture method allowed to improve the indicators of bioelectric activity of the brain: the amplitude of the peak N1 of visual evoked potentials increased (from 3.2 to 6.7 MV, p<0.05), the latency of the peak P200 decreased from 178.0 to 142.5 ms, p<0.05. The threshold of pain sensitivity on the zygomatic bone, on the phalanx of the 2nd finger of the hand and on the protruding part of the inner ankle decreased by 63, 125 and 250 Hz, p<0.05. Vibration sensitivity improved (on the ulnar process, phalanx of 2 fingers of the hand, p<0.01, on the tubercle of the tibia, p<0.05). Magnetic stimulation contributed to the improvement of cerebral changes in the treated patients — the latency of auditory evoked potentials decreased (p<0.03 for peak P1 and p<0.05 for peak P2), the amplitude of visual evoked potentials increased (p<0.05), the bioelectric activity of the occipital lobes of the brain increased. The duration of the afferent excitation wave at the level of the cervical region (latency N11 and N13, p<0.05) and thalamic structures (latency P25, p<0.05) increased. Non-drug therapy allowed to restore the time of excitation by the motor component of axons in patients on the upper extremities during acupuncture, on the upper and lower extremities during treatment with magnetic stimulation (p<0.05), improved indicators characterizing the mnestic-attentional and psychoemotional spheres of the treated. Ethics. Conclusion of the MEС of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "East Siberian Institute of Medical and Environmental Research" No. 32 dated 09/10/2019.

Tension identification of bridge suspension rods based on multiple impedance parameters from self-inductive coils

ABSTRACT This study introduces a method for identifying tension in suspension rods based on impedance from self-inductive coils, grounded in electromagnetic induction and magnetic elasticity principles. The theoretical feasibility of this method was analysed through a high-frequency inductive coil model. Steel strand tensile tests, utilising self-inductive coil sensors at various frequencies, explored the relationship between resistance, inductance, and capacitance with tension. According to the experimental results, the sensitivity coefficient is used to determine the optimal prediction frequency of each impedance parameter. Within the optimal frequency range, a single impedance parameter regression prediction method based on the impedance difference ratio index was proposed. To improve the accuracy and stability of the predictions, a GA-BP neural network prediction model based on the fusion of multiple impedance parameters was proposed. The results indicate that the GA-BP neural network prediction method, which integrates multiple impedance parameters, achieves higher accuracy in identifying cable forces than the single impedance parameter regression prediction method. Specifically, at a frequency of 5 kHz, the relative error of the GA-BP neural network prediction method, which integrates multiple impedance parameters, was only 3.74%. This research offers a novel approach for future in-service tension identification in bridge suspension rods.

Wireless Charging Station for Electric Vehicles

The project mainly focuses on the model of wireless charging station for electric vehicles. In this charging station the user no need to use physical cables for charging their electric vehicles. When the car arrives on the particular slot for charging the IR sensor detects the vehicle and sends signal to the Arduino Board, then the required voltage is transferred to the transmitter coil which is placed in the parking slot, with the help of magnetic induction principle the energy from transmitter coil is transmitted to the receiver coil which is placed in the bottom of the vehicle.