Induction Motor Drive Research Articles

Rotor fault detection using hybrid signal processing approach for sensorless Backstepping control driven induction motor atlow‐speedoperation

Rotor fault detection using hybrid signal processing approach for sensorless Backstepping control driven induction motor at<scp>low‐speed</scp>operation

On the Physical Nature of Frequency Control Problems of Induction Motor Drives

This article considers the possibility of connecting the problems of the engineering synthesis of frequency control systems for induction motor drives (IMD) with the theory of the identification of IMD based on the equations of a generalized AC electric machine. The article presents experimental studies of load parrying in IMD with vector (VC) and scalar (SC) controls. These results indicate the absence of fundamental advantages in a drive with VC. This advantage should manifest in a more efficient formation of the moment and fast transients. A method was proposed for describing IMD by nonlinear transfer functions, making it possible to formulate the principle of the correction of IMD and a method for assessing their efficiency. The article shows that the correction based on the proposed nonlinear transfer functions of the induction motor is much more efficient than the traditional VC, which was confirmed by detailed experiments and modeling. The most important results are given in the article. An assumption was made that the efficiency advantage was due to more accurate identification of the dynamics of an IMD with a gear function instead of vector equations.

An Improving Hysteresis Current Control Method Based on FOC Technique for Induction Motor Drive

The paper presents an improving speed control method using a field-oriented control (FOC) technique for the hysteresis current (HC) controller in the induction motor drive. The basic principle of a controller applying hysteresis band current is comparing reference currents and the measured currents to generate switching pulses for controlling an inverter. In the typical FOC for the HC controller, the rotor flux angle’s value will increase to infinity due to the integral algorithm’s error accumulation. This problem can lead to the faulty operation of the induction motor drive (IMD) system. In this paper, a current model with the advantage of precisely determining the periodic rotor flux angle is used in the FOC technique to provide reference currents for the current controller. The rotor flux angle will periodically change according to the motor speed in the range [-π π] during the operation of IMD. The operation of the induction motor drive is implemented and tested by MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the HC control method-based FOC technique with periodic rotor flux angle in controlling motor speed. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

Multi‐Objective Optimization Design and Analysis on 2DoF Direct Drive Induction Motor Rotary Part

The edge effect due to the special structure of two degree‐of‐freedom direct induction motor (2DoFDDIM) results in three‐phase asymmetric current, high torque ripple, more loss and low efficiency. In this paper, to weaken edge effect of 2DoFDDIM rotary part, poles optimization is carried out considering the constraint of rotary arc‐armature size. In order to obtain optimum parameters and high efficiency of rotary part, The Taguchi method of multi‐objective optimization design is carried out. The 3D finite element models of final design and initial design of rotary part and initial design prototype are established, respectively. Through the comparison between the final design simulation, initial design simulation and test results, the results indicate that the performances of 2DoFDDIM rotary part have a great improvement after optimizations and verify the feasibility of Taguchi method used for 2DoFDDIM multi‐objective optimization design. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

A method for broken bar fault diagnosis in three phase induction motor drive system using Artificial Neural Networks

This paper presents a high accuracy detection of Broken Rotor Bar (BRB) fault by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) through advanced signal processing tool as Hilbert Transform (HT) where three phase Induction Motor Drives (IMD) is operated under Direct Torque Control (DTC) topology with steady state. The major significance of all diagnostic methods is, need information about the characteristic’s frequencies and amplitude. The diagnosing of machine fault requires the spectrum into isolated various frequency components. The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) cannot produce good output at low slip. So, in this paper ANN and HT are proposed. DTC method is efficient technique in industrial drives with variable torque applications. The stator current envelope can be formed by HT. Then samples of amplitude and side band frequency are given as ANN inputs. In order to diagnose the quantity of BRB in IM, the findings are qualified and checked to the minimal Mean Square Error (MSE)

Machine learning based multi class fault diagnosis tool for voltage source inverter driven induction motor

AC drives are employed in process industries for varying applications resulting in a wide range of ratings. The entire process industry has seen a paradigm shift from manual to automated systems. The major factor contributing to this is the advanced power electronics technology enabling power electronic drives for smooth control of electric motors. Induction motors are most commonly used in industries. Faults in the power electronic circuits may occur periodically. These faults often go unnoticed as they rarely cause a complete shutdown and the fault levels may not be large enough to lead to a breakdown of the drive. An early detection of these faults is required to prevent their escalation into major faults. The diagnostic tool for detection of faults requires real time monitoring of the entire drive. In this work, detailed investigation of different faults that can occur in the power electronic circuit of an industrial drive is carried out. Analysis and impact of faults on the performance of the induction motor is presented. A real time monitoring platform is proposed to detect and classify the fault accurately using machine learning. A diagnostic tool also is developed to display the severity and location of the fault to the operator to take corrective measures.

Testing the Frame-Angle-Based Direct Torque Control for $3\phi$ Induction Motor Drives

This article presents the performance evaluation of the frame-angle-based (FAB) direct torque controller (DTC) for 3φ induction motor drives (IMDs), which are fed by 3 six-pulse wavelet-modulated (WM) dc-ac power electronic converters (PECs). The tested DTC is designed to adjust the d <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> - and q <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> -axis components of the voltages (v <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> and v <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">qs</sub> ) applied to a 3 IMD. The adjustments in v <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> and v <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">qs</sub> are created in response to changes in the load torque, command torque, drive speed, and/or system parameters. Desired adjustments in v <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> and v <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">qs</sub> are set by regulating the angle ϑ of the frame created by v <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> and v <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">qs</sub> . This frame produces reference modulating signals that are required to generate WM switching pulses for operating the 3 dc-ac PEC in the IMD. The complete IMD system, incorporating the FAB-DTC, is implemented for a 10-hp IMD system for performance evaluation. Tests of the FAB-DTC for the 10-hp IMD are conducted for various changes in the load torque, command torque, drive speed, and system parameters. Simulation and experimental test results demonstrate fast, accurate, reliable, and dynamic responses with minor sensitivity to variations in system parameters.

Review on different control techniques for induction motor drive in electric vehicle

Now a day Electric vehicles (EV) are called future vehicles in place of internal combustion engines because of their working with pollution free and more efficient. This paper reviews various control strategies of induction motor drives (IMD) for EV applications. Efficiency and performance are the major considerations in selecting control algorithms for induction motor drives. Basically there are scalar control and vector control methods for IMDs. Scalar control technique has drawback of low performance. Conventional direct torque control (DTC) technique is one of the most preferable control technique for controlling torque and flux independently. But due the lower switching frequency in direct torque control leads to more flux ripple and torque ripples and it leads lower performance of induction motor drives.

Broken rotor bar fault detection using DWT and energy eigenvalue for DTC fed induction motor drive

ABSTRACT The faults diagnosis of Induction Motor (IM) is a required field of the research area grown in recent years. Industrialists and researchers predominately use this interest as a result of improvement in control circuits for IM. This paper proposes a new approach for the detection of Broken Rotor Bar (BRB) fault in a three-phase Induction Motor Drive (IMD) using one of the signals Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), where the machine is controlled by Direct Torque Control (DTC). The amplitude and frequency components are extracted by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the DWT decomposes the signal. Energy eigenvalue of stator current of the signal calculates the severity of the fault and gives a better solution for indicating the failure. DTC is adopted for advisable control techniques in the industrial drives system to preserve the excellent performance in variable torque control applications. The effectiveness of the above method is evaluated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimental tests demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed technique.

Model reference adaptive system based sensorless vector control scheme for a 36‐pulse ac–dc converter fed 9‐level cascaded H‐bridge‐inverter driven induction motor drive

Model reference adaptive system based sensorless vector control scheme for a 36‐pulse ac–dc converter fed 9‐level cascaded H‐bridge‐inverter driven induction motor drive

To drive induction motor with variable speed using cascaded multilevel inverter

This paper proposes to reduce harmonics in induction motor drive using MLI. In recent years many industries started using variable frequency drives. Develop the less harmonic output to input of induction motor using multi level inverter. Distortions due to Harmonics largely occur when loads intake non sinusoidal current from system. It is mainly observed at inverters present in the system. The voltage from power system is generally not a pure sinusoidal wave. Useful algorithm can be developed and interact with multi level inverter then it can reduces the unwanted harmonics.

Differential Mathematical Morphological-Based Online Diagnosis of Stator Interturn Failures in Direct Torque Control Drive Systems

This article presents an in-service noninvasive fault diagnosis (FD) routine to detect incipient stator's interturn failure (ITF) in the direct torque control (DTC) driven induction motors. The developed FD routine is based on the application of the mathematical morphological gradient (MMG) technique on the stator currents. Being a time-domain technique, it is less computational burdensome than the frequency-domain-based FD. To detect the faulty phase, we introduced and implemented the differential MMG (ΔMMG) algorithm concept. A comprehensive electromagnetic investigation of harmonics and interharmonics contents due to the ITF, the DTC controller's reaction, the inverter's switching activity is presented. A design guideline of selecting the structuring element length in the FD routine was introduced. A physics-based cosimulation platform was built to investigate the feasibility of the proposed FD algorithm. The simulation reinforced by the experimental results depicted the robustness of the FD method. The comparative analysis is presented between the developed ΔMMG and the conventional motor current signature analysis (MCSA). The experimental results proved that developed FD is faster and more robust than the MCSA in detecting the ITFs at their embryonic stages.

Detection of TTF in Induction Motor Vector Drives for EV Applications via Ostu’s-Based DDWE

In this study, an online fault diagnosis (FD) algorithm is developed to detect stator's turn-to-turn faults (TTFs) in direct torque control (DTC)-driven induction motors (IMs) for the electric vehicle's (EV) powertrains. The developed FD algorithm is based on the application of the discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) technique on the stator currents. Being a time-frequency domain-based algorithm, DWT can deal with nonstationary signals. The fault-sensitive decomposition levels were selected using Ostu's-thresholding formulation to detect the stator's faults at their embryonic stage. To determine the faulty phase, the concept of differential discrete wavelet energy (DDWE) was introduced. A finite-element (FE) cosimulation platform and an experimental setup were built to examine the proposed FD algorithm. The results depicted the robustness of the FD method. A comparative analysis is presented between the developed DDWE based FD and the conventional motor current signature analysis (MCSA)-based FD. The experimental results proved that developed FD is faster and more accurate than the MCSA-based FD one. Moreover, the presented FD routine was examined under load step-change and intermittent TTFs, and its diagnosing effectiveness was verified.

Robust voltage model flux estimator design with parallel vector compensator for sensorless drive of induction motors

Flux estimator (FE) is critical for achieving high-performance sensorless drive of induction motors. A voltage model (VM) is an excellent candidate for a FE since it does not require speed information and has a simple structure. A VM using a closed-loop style has excellent sensorless drive capability over a wide speed range. However, it is limited by the uncertainties such as offset and parameter mismatch. This paper presents an improved a closed-loop style FE. To overcome the problems inherent in the conventional FE, a hybrid strategy for the changeover between control modes is applied. In the setting of the FE’s cutoff frequency (CF), the influences of the offset and parameter mismatch are analyzed. The phase distortion and acquisition of the back electromotive force are also analyzed. From this analysis, a vector compensation strategy for the flux linkage is applied. This strategy facilitates the CF setting, which improves the robustness against both the offset and parameter mismatch. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed FE in a sensorless driven induction motor is verified using simulations and experiments under various conditions.

Electric Machine Bearing Health Monitoring and Ball Fault Detection by Simultaneous Thermo-Mechanical Fibre Optic Sensing

This article reports the use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for electric machines' in-service bearing condition monitoring. The proposed method enables simultaneous extraction of thermal and mechanical information on the bearing operational status for health monitoring and fault diagnosis purposes. The work first reports the instrumentation, calibration and the measurements interpretation methods of an FBG array sensor fitted to the drive-end bearing of an operating inverter driven induction motor. Experimental tests are then undertaken on a purpose build test rig to evaluate the proposed in-situ sensing scheme's performance under healthy and faulted bearing conditions. The results demonstrate that the measurements acquired by individual FBG sensors fitted in the bearing architecture contain concurrent thermal and mechanical information, which can be clearly differentiated to enable understanding of the examined motor bearing's thermal only and mechanical only operating conditions. Furthermore the in-situ measurements obtained in fault conditions are shown to contain clearly defined time and frequency domains fault signatures, which can enable unambiguous fault diagnosis and trending.

Design of Neuro-Fuzzy Based Torque Controller for Torque Ripple Reduction of Asynchronous Motor

Among all the control methods developed for Induction Motor (IM) drivers, the hysteresis controller based Direct Torque Control (DTC) method has an important place. This control method does not require other rotor and stator parameters except the stator resistance and does not require position or velocity sensors. However, there are some disadvantages of the DTC method, such as high torque, flux and current ripples. In this study, in order to reduce the high torque ripples occurring in an induction motor that is controlled by the hysteresis controller based conventional DTC method, a simple and effective Sugeno type Neuro-Fuzzy Torque Controller (NFTC) is proposed. This proposed controller is used instead of hysteresis controller. An experimental setup consisting of 1.1 kW induction motor, current and voltage measurement, DS1103 control card and two-level voltage source inverter was installed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controller structure, various experimental studies were performed. Results obtained from the proposed NFTC based structure and conventional hysteresis controller based DTC structures are given comparatively. By the obtained experimental results, it was confirmed that the proposed NFTC-based controller structure considerably reduced flux and torque ripples in the motor.

A Sensorless DTC Scheme for 60-Pulse AC-DC Converter Fed 5-Level Six-Leg NPC Inverter Based Medium Voltage Induction Motor Drive

A new approach to improve the power quality of medium voltage induction motor drive (MVIMD) at both utility and drive end is presented. Here, 3-multi-winding transformers (MWT) (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) are utilized and each MWT converts 3-phase input AC-supply into two isolated 5-phase AC-supplies with unique (18°) phase-shift among them. Moreover, due to unique (±6° and 0°) angle in the primary sides of these MWTs, the line current drawn from the grid has 60-pulses. By applying this technology, the input current harmonics are decreased to well below the requirement of the IEEE 519 standard. This 60-pulse AC-DC converter gives 6-isolated DC-supplies, which are input of a 5-level six-leg neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter feeding an induction motor. A modified direct torque control (DTC) strategy is used in this study for 5-level six-leg NPC inverter fed induction motor drive (IMD). Because of it, this IMD has better performance than the existing IMD. The system performance is evaluated using MATLAB-Simulink software and is then experimentally verified on a prototype developed in the laboratory under all required operation of IMD to validate the performance of the system.

Multiwinding Transformer Fed CHB Inverter With On-Line Switching Angle Calculation Based SHE Technique for Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive

A multiwinding transformer for ac–dc converter with multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive (IMD) is presented in this article. An 18 pulse ac–dc conversion is used on input side of the IMD, to meet the power quality requirement as per the IEEE-519 standard. At IM side, a ternary configured nine-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB)-inverter is used to enhance the response of the IMD. A simple online calculation of switching angles and its implementation of selective harmonic elimination strategy, are proposed to control a nine-level CHB-inverter. In this article, a nine-level CHB-inverter is operated at fundamental frequency switching for reducing the losses and suppressing the lower order harmonics (fifth, seventh, and eleventh) to a negligible value and to enhance the torque profile of the IMD. The performances of IMD are evaluated in MATLAB-Simulink environment and then simulated results are verified by test results taken from developed prototype in the laboratory to show its effectiveness for medium power applications.

An Enhanced Fault Tolerant Control Against Current Sensor Failures in Induction Motor Drive by Applying Space Vector

In this paper, an enhanced active fault-tolerant control (FTC) is proposed to solve a current sensor failure in the induction motor drive (IMD) using two current sensors. The proposed FTC method applies only one observer to diagnose the faults and reconfigure the control signals by the space stator current. The diagnosis function is made up of a comparison algorithm between the measured current space vector and the estimated space vector. Then, incorrect feedback stator currents are replaced by the estimated values in the reconfiguration function. The amplitude of a healthy measured current is applied to adjusted the accuracy of estimated current signals. The IMD uses the field-oriented control (FOC) technique to control the speed and torque. The effectiveness in stabilizing the IMD system when a current sensor error occurs is verified by various simulations in the Matlab-Simulink environment This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

Review on Electric Traction Systems Driving Induction Motor and Associated Power Quality Issues

The traction systems for electric vehicles have advanced considerably over recent years, with the application of different topologies of power converters for the control of various types of electric induction motors and permanent magnet. Furthermore, the evolution of power semiconductor elements of Si to SiC wideband have opened up lines of research and development in this area. The trend of manufacturer’s traction systems is to reach compact systems where the power dissipation is high and the reduction of losses is minimal, for it the implementation of topologies of converters with SiC devices seems to be a good alternative of use to improve the performance of these systems. This paper studies the basic topologies of back to back converter in traction systems als well as the powr quality issues arriving in these systems.