Indonesian Policy Makers Research Articles

Islamic State Utopia: Investigating Khilafatul Muslimin Movement in Contemporary Indonesia

This article aims to explore the contemporary Islamic state establishment movement in Indonesia namely Khilafatul Muslimin. Even though the Islamic state is strictly forbidden in Indonesia by the national constitution, such movements have been endless for a long time in the country. The phenomenon of Khilafatul Muslimin, which has recently emerged and surfaced in the realm of politics and religion in the country, indicates that some Muslims want to establish a Khilafah state under Islamic law. Utilizing qualitative methods with the library and documents research in a thorough and depth analysis, this article is designed to excavate and identify the anatomy of the Khilafatul Muslimin as the Islamic state movements, which were familiar to the archipelago since its independence. The study reveals that unlike the past similar movements, which mostly ended in the discourse, this organization has built a set of an Islamic state hierarchy and bureaucracy with complete personals. In addition, Khilafatul Muslimin linked its network to those radical-global Islamic state movements like the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which, in turn, challenges Pancasila as the national ideology. However, interestingly, the root of Khilafatul Muslimin is closely related to Darul Islam (DI) and Negara Islam Indonesia (NII, Indonesian Islamic State), the past and utopian Islamic state movement in a huge multicultural Indonesian society. This research will benefit the policymakers in Indonesia to treat other Islamic movements equitably, while still keeping the country in harmony. For further study, it will be fruitful to involve broader methods in gathering data to have more comprehensive results.

Side effect of using N95 mask on oxygen saturation, respiration rate and pulse rate of health workers in Jakarta

The new normal era brings people new habits, one of which is wearing masks. The particulate respirator N95 mask (N95 mask) is the mask with the highest filtration, but there are some complaints regarding its use, one of which is difficulty breathing. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether there is an effect of using an N95 mask on oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR). This study uses a convenience sampling technique with a sample size of 60 respondents. The research design used was a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre and post-test design. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test with p <0.0001, which means that there are differences in the results of SpO2, RR, and PR before and after using the N95 mask. Suggestions for health workers and policymakers in Indonesia to be able to apply the maximum hours of using N95 masks so that health workers avoid illness, disability, or discomfort which can maintain optimal performance.

The green issues and foreign policy: an analysis of Indonesian foreign ministry’s selected tweets

Abstract. A green issue is relatively new for Indonesian policymakers. All countries paid close attention to this issue in the 1960s, when people were facing some environmental crises. But international political scholars started paying more attention to green issues in the 1990s, after the Cold War ended and traditional security issues became less important. Non-traditional security problems, like the environmental crisis, are becoming the focus of foreign policy issues in countries like Indonesia. Social media is a good place to investigate green issues, especially those that have to do with Indonesian foreign policy. This article tries to explore what the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) said on Twitter about green issues that have not been studied as much. This article tries to analyse some tweets about green issues in Indonesian foreign policy using NVivo content analysis. Thus, this article argues that green issues are still not talked about much on Twitter. The fact that the sentiment analysis is still neutral shows that the issue is not a big deal in the discussion. This research offers a fresh perspective on green issues inside the MOFA Twitter account and has contributed to the body of knowledge in this field of study

POLITICAL REFORM OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW (Analysis of the Impact of Globalisation on National Investment Law)

<em>The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between investment law and state sovereignty, and subsequently formulate a framework for future national investment law policies aimed at promoting economic growth and safeguarding sovereignty. The present study is characterized as normative in its methodology, employing both a statutory and conceptual approach. The findings indicate that investment plays a significant role in enhancing both the economy and employment expansion. Governments globally are engaged in a competitive effort to establish an improved business climate that facilitates investment activities. However, it is imperative to restrict this endeavor and prioritize domestic capital, as evidenced by the 1966 MPRS Decree. This directive provides guidance to Indonesian policymakers that foreign investment or aid should not be disregarded for its role in developing the struggling Indonesian economy. Nevertheless, it is crucial to first rely on the potential of domestic resources as a means of generating development funds. This approach ensures that the availability of foreign funding sources does not lead to dependence on external parties. Furthermore, foreign sources of funds must be utilized for the benefit of the domestic economy. Foreign investment in Indonesia must also be subjected to limitations in this context</em>

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF INFLATION, EXPORT VALUE, IMPORT AND INVESTMENT ON INDONESIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH AND PERCAPITA INCOME IN 2023: PANEL DATA REGRESSION APPROACH

This study analyzes the impact of inflation, trade, and investment on Indonesia's economic growth and purchasing power (1990-2022). Using panel data regression, we find: that inflation and exports have a positive impact on both GDP and purchasing power. Inflation boosts aggregate demand while exports increase income. Imports have a positive impact on purchasing power due to the increased availability of goods, but a negative on GDP due to potential trade imbalances. Domestic and foreign investment hurt both GDP and purchasing power. While investment boosts production, it can also intensify competition, leading to price reductions and dampened purchasing power.
 The findings of this study have implications for policymakers in Indonesia. Policymakers should focus on policies that can promote inflation, exports, and foreign direct investment. These policies can help to increase purchasing power and improve the standard of living of Indonesians

Export Barriers Food Product Micro Small and Medium Enterprises Based Leonidou Model in Greater Malang: Literature Study

There are 762,857 MSMEs in Greater Malang region and 60% of them are in the food sector. They have various types of innovative food products that has the potential to be exported. However, the condition of MSMEs is generally unstable because there are a lot of domestic competition with similar products that is a threat to the survival of MSMEs. Export is an opportunity to overcome this problem. The opportunity for MSME to exports their product are widely open because Indonesia has free trade agreements (FTA) with countries abroad. However, MSMEs in Greater Malang region cannot seize this opportunity. The purpose of the research is to find solutions to export barriers faced by MSMEs in Greater Malang region food products, it is hoped that overcoming these export barriers will help the MSMEs to carry out export. This study uses the Leonidou export barrier classification model, because it is a systematic and comprehensive model. The model can be expanded into several modifiers of the reality of export barriers, including: 1) previous reviewers, 2) referral sources, 3) guidance government sources MSMEs. 4) source from MSMEs. The process of identifying export barriers to MSMEs in Greater Malang region using the inquiry form is a modification, then a validity test is carried out to measure accuracy and reliability to measure the robustness of the research instrument. The data then processed using the SEM-PLS method which is a complex multivariable analysis (many constructs and indicators) simultaneously to build and test the structural equation enabler model and measurement model. The result is a model of Malang food MSME export barriers. Further, this research results are expected to be used practically by the MSMEs to develop their business towards exports. It is also expected to be utilized by the Indonesian policy makers to develop an Internationalization strategy that is more suitable for MSMEs.

From Cash to Cashless: Understanding Users’ Switching Intentions from Cash to Mobile Payment Applications

Mobile payments (MP) are the main driver for creating a cashless society in Indonesia. However, the use of this technology still does not show its significance, especially when compared to similar countries. Therefore, this study proposes a theoretical framework based on push–pull–mooring, with factors derived from motivation theory, technology acceptance model and other theories. The research findings underscore the comparison of perceived value internally (efficiency and effectiveness) and externally (discounts, rebates and others) as push and pull factors for users to switch from cash to MP. Furthermore, mooring proxies represented by switching costs and self-efficacy provide a unique understanding of the body of knowledge in the discussed field. The practical action proposed for MP service providers is to always improve quality in terms of accessibility for technical use, and collaboration with related parties is important. Also, for policymakers in Indonesia, deployment of information technology infrastructure and accommodating policies to facilitate licensing for service providers to ensure the security of deposit funds, user data and personal profiles.

The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Development on Renewable Energy in Indonesia

The study aims to explore the indicators of foreign direct investment (FDI) and their impact on economic development, with a specific focus on renewable energy in Indonesia. It is well-known that FDI plays a significant role in the development of developing countries, and Indonesia, being one of them, still faces challenges in meeting the energy needs of its citizens. The empirical analysis utilizes the Multiple Regression approach with data spanning from 1981 to 2021. The results indicate a cointegration relationship between model parameters and cross-sectional dependence. Additionally, the study finds that FDI and inflation have a negative impact on renewable energy, while population and GDP have a positive and significant effect. Furthermore, economic growth and fossil fuel consumption also positively influence renewable energy consumption. In the long term, the estimation results suggest that FDI and financial development have a simultaneous effect on energy consumption, which aligns with economic growth but not necessarily with renewable energy consumption. This implies that while FDI and financial development contribute to overall energy consumption as the economy grows, they may not directly impact the adoption of renewable energy sources. Based on the research findings, policymakers in Indonesia are encouraged to focus on sustainable development and consider policy transformations that facilitate the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources.
 Keywords: FDI, GDP, inflation, population, renewable energy, multiple regression

Analysis of the Impact of Monetary Policy on Exchange Rates and Foreign Exchange Reserves in Indonesia

This article aims to analyze the impact of monetary policy on exchange rates and currencies in Indonesia using case studies. Monetary policy is chosen because it is one of the government policies that can influence currency and currency movements in the market. The results from the study show that monetary policy has a significant impact on exchange rates and currencies in Indonesia. Policies implemented by the Bank of Indonesia, such as raising reference interest rates and selling currencies on the market, can strengthen the currency exchange rate and increase the country’s foreign exchange reserves. On the contrary, policies that result in lower reference interest rates and foreign exchange purchases can weaken the rupiah exchange rate and reduce the country’s currency reserves. This research has important implications for policymakers in Indonesia in formulating the appropriate monetary policy to maintain the stability of the currency exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves of the country. In addition, this study could also serve as a reference for further research in analyzing the impact of monetary policy on foreign exchange markets in other developing countries.

Tax incentives during the Covid-19 pandemic: An Islamic economics perspective

IntroductionThe economic impact of Covid-19 virus is also felt by the state revenue sector due to tax incentives.ObjectivesThis study aims to analyze the tax incentive policies implemented by the government during the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of objectives, impacts, and the concept of convenience from an Islamic economics perspective. MethodThis study uses a normative-juridical approach by examining tax incentive policies in the context of Islamic economic theory from philosophical and juridical perspectives.ResultsFrom an Islamic economic perspective, the existence of tax incentives seen from the objective of the results and benefits is appropriate because it creates maslahah in the midst of an emergency or critical situation. In addition, the convenience provided by the government in tax incentives if seen from Islamic law is rukshah, or convenience and understanding for citizens due to certain conditions, namely the Covid-19 pandemic. ImplicationsThis study contributes to the development of theoretical research in the field of macroeconomic policy from an Islamic perspective. This study can also be used as a reference by the government to provide tax incentives in times of similar crises.Originality/NoveltyThis study is unique in that it examines the problem of tax incentives from an Islamic perspective. As a country with the world's largest Muslim population, this study will enrich Islamic macroeconomic studies for policymaking in Indonesia.

DATA ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT LANDING ON THE RUNWAY AIRPORTS IN INDONESIA

A runway excursion is a runway safety issue in which an aircraft exits the runway improperly. Therefore, we believe it is necessary to conduct a data investigation of commercial airplanes landing at the airport in order to provide criticism, learning, and social control to airlines and air service policymakers in Indonesia so that they can become involved in protecting public transportation users, particularly those using air transportation. This study focuses on the procedural safety of commercial airplanes landing on the runway at airports in Indonesia. The data utilized for landing analysis is historical ADS-B data collected and acquired from the Flightradar24 website in 2019. The approach utilized in this study is exploratory data analysis (EDA), in which we explored the dataset to find trusted data (128 tier-1 data points). The results of this study showed that the aircraft that was the object of research was unlikely to land at the Touch Down Zone (TDZ), while the rest showed that its landing was highly likely outside the TDZ.

Indonesia's New Capital: An Analysis Of Transparency, Public Participation, And Deliberative Democracy

This study aims to assess the government's policy regarding establishing a new capital city, focusing on the dimensions of transparency, public participation, and deliberative democracy. This study will provide valuable insights for policymakers in Indonesia and other developing nations, enabling them to make informed decisions of a comparable nature. The present study employs a qualitative case study approach, incorporating interviews, observations, and secondary data collection from government reports and research conducted by non-governmental organizations (NGOs). According to this study, the formulation of the IKN Law has successfully adhered to the principles of deliberative democracy, encompassing the dimensions of influence, inclusiveness, and deliberation. However, it is essential to note that certain limitations are associated with this process, specifically insufficient transparency and limited engagement with local indigenous communities. In order to ensure effective community engagement and inclusivity, it is imperative for the government to enhance transparency in disseminating information regarding the progress of the Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) and actively involve local indigenous populations in the project. In the context of a developing nation such as Indonesia, it is imperative for policymakers to accord utmost importance to public engagement and transparency in formulating critical policies that bear substantial consequences on the social, economic, and environmental fronts.

Reliability and Validity of the Indonesian Version of the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale

Aim. To examine the reliability and validity of the Indonesian translation of the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale. Background. The McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale is an instrument to measure nurses’ feelings about their job. Although the instrument has existed for a long time, there has been a lack of studies using this questionnaire in Indonesia due to the limitation of instrument validation in the Indonesian version. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the validation and reliability of the instrument. Methods. The instrument was validated with a cross-sectional study of 350 nurses. For purposes of transcultural adaptation and psychometric validation, a forward-back translation strategy was used in conjunction with an expert panel and a cross-sectional study. The validity of the construct was verified using confirmatory factor analysis, and the overall fit of the model was measured using the calculated fit indices. The standard deviation of the extracted variance was used to evaluate the convergence validity. Composite reliability and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were used to investigate the internal consistency of the study. Results. According to the results of the reverse translation, the Indonesian and original instruments are statistically indistinguishable. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, it was determined that the Indonesian version of the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale adhered closely to the original structure of the English version. The convergence validity of the construct (0.44–0.74), reliability (Cronbach α = 0.69–0.93), and internal consistency (0.49–0.79) were rated highly. Conclusions. Good homogeneity and construct validity have been shown for the Indonesian translation of the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale in the context of healthcare practice and research. Implications for Nursing Management. Nursing policymakers in Indonesia can use the instrument to inform the development of practice policies aimed at improving job satisfaction among nurses in the country.

The Role of Information Sources on Tourist Behavior Post-Earthquake Disaster in Indonesia: A Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) Approach

The earthquake disaster has an impact on tourist visit intention. This study aims to investigate tourist behavior in the post-earthquake disaster linkage between information sources (word of mouth and electronic word of mouth) and risk perception toward tourists’ visit intentions to a destination in Indonesia. This study applies the SOR theory to predict tourists’ behavior in the destination aftermath. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model was used to examine the hypothesis of the study. The result found that information sources (electronic word of mouth and word of mouth) significantly influenced visit intention in the time of post-earthquake disaster. The risk perception has not significantly influenced visit intention in post-earthquake disasters. The discussion and conclusion of the study are discussed herein. Overall, the findings of the study may contribute to the theory by adding information sources to predict tourist behavior post-earthquake disaster and also gives a practical contribution to the tourism sector, stakeholders, tourism marketers, and policymakers in Indonesia to enhance the marketing strategy by considering destination promotion through word of mouth (offline) and electronic word of mouth (online) and its mechanism on tourists’ travel decision in the time of aftermath.

The Correlation between Student Perception and Learning Motivation: Blended Learning Strategy

Different perceptions will affect the success of learning outcomes, namely student perceptions. Thus, it affects student learning motivation. The study aimed to determine the relationship between student perceptions and learning motivation toward blended learning strategy (BLS). The research used is a correlational test between student perceptions and learning outcomes with BLS. The participants in this study were 70 people from two different classes. The BLS research instruments and student learning motivation include 1) Desire to succeed, 2) Encouragement and needs in learning, 3) Expectations and future goals, and 4) Appreciation of learning. 5) Interesting desires in learning, 6) A Conducive learning environment. The results showed no relationship between student perceptions and learning motivation toward BL learning strategies. Thus, other factors influence student perceptions and learning motivation, such as socioeconomic, family environment, and cultural environment. The implications of this research can provide insights for education policy makers in Indonesia and in the regions about how to design policies mixed learning that is aligned with the preferences of teachers and students in improving the quality of learning and student learning outcomes.

The impossibility of the impossible trinity? The case of Indonesia

AbstractThe impossible trinity suggests that an economy cannot simultaneously achieve a fixed exchange rate, high capital mobility, and independent monetary policy without abandoning one of these. However, This paper looks at Indonesia’s experiences from the 2009 QE and the 2013 taper tantrum, considering why Indonesian policy-makers were unable to use policies as per the trilemma, and the policy implications of this. There are three possible reasons why Indonesia found it difficult to implement this trilemma policy choice: differing monetary policy objectives, volatile floating exchange rates, and balance sheet effects. The commodity supercycle also plays an exogenous role, unable to be overcome by monetary or exchange rate policy while at the same time impacting fiscal policy, income redistribution, trade balance, and the exchange rate. Overall, this paper argues that monetary policy on its own is likely to be insufficient to manage the economy adequately. Other levers and factors, such as macroprudential policy, fiscal policy, capital flow management, and institutional quality, are critical to make the policy choices more effective.

Strategic orientation and its role in linking human capital with the performance of small and medium enterprises in Indonesia

Purpose This study aims to investigate the ways that human capital influences the strategic orientation variables entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO), which ultimately leverage the firm performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This study used a quantitative method with a total of 274 SMEs in the Regency of Gresik, East Java, Indonesia, as the observable population. Furthermore, the identified samples obtained through the random sampling technique were determined using the Slovin formula with 163 SMEs used for analysis. As the means of analysis, this study used a statistical approach by using PLS-SEM statistics from SmartPLS software. This analytical tool has been proven to be a robust statistical tool that has been used in many marketing studies. Findings This study found that human capital is a key determinant of EO and MO as strategic orientations of SMEs. Furthermore, this study highlighted that SMEs’ strategic orientations (i.e. EO and MO) provide a valuable thrust that leverages firm performance. Moreover, the role of human capital in leveraging firm performance was found to be significant with the role of the joint effect of EO and MO as mediator. This implies that human capital is not solely a single determinant that leverages SMEs’ performance. Research limitations/implications There are few aspects of limitations in this research that could be enhanced by other scholars in the discipline of entrepreneurship. First, the strategic orientation concept being indicated by EO and MO had yet to provide a comprehensive view of strategic orientation. Second, this research used samples that represent the traditional furniture cluster in East Java and had yet to explore other clusters such as food processing and services cluster which may be relevant to the context of SMEs in Indonesia. Practical implications As a practical implication, this study would benefit policymakers in Indonesia, such as the Ministry for Cooperatives and SMEs to provide assistance to SMEs to progressively nurture capacity-building through formal and informal education to leverage human capital. Moreover, it could benefit other relevant businesses, such as national banks in Indonesia whose interests are significant, especially in providing financial access to SMEs in Indonesia. Social implications The social implication of this research lay the focus on the suggestion by which SMEs must be able to optimize their capabilities by enhancing levels of human capital particularly for traditionally managed SMEs. The ability to survive external pressures for would be able to contribute to the social well-being of their society as many people are dependent heavily in the operation of the SMEs. Originality/value The significance of this study is twofold. Although the use of human capital as a determinant of firm performance has been discussed in the literature, few studies to date has sought to predict human capital with EO and MO as mediators of firm performance. Furthermore, the joint impact of EO and MO as a strategic orientation needs to be holistically explored and explained, particularly in an emerging economy context.

The Impacts of Board Characteristics and Size on Risk Disclosure: Evidence from Indonesian Mining Firms

This study examines how board characteristics (gender, education, and age) and board size can impact corporate risk disclosure (CRD) in quantity and coverage. This research differs from previous studies because we use the newest COSO framework (2017) to measure CRD. We analyzed the data using multiple regression analysis. The results show no relationship between the composition of female directors in both CRD coverage and quantity. Board size positively affects CRD coverage and quantity, while board age negatively affects those two types of CRD. However, board education does not influence CRD quantity and coverage. This study also indicates that board size and age substantially impact the level of risk disclosure. For investors, the board's age and size become an essential consideration in investment decisions related to risk information. While policymakers in Indonesia urgently need a further discussion of the implementation of guidelines to promote higher levels of risk disclosure among firms since the difference in the basis for disclosing risk will reduce the company's competitiveness in the same industry.

In what ways students’ socio-economic status affecting academic performance?

<span lang="EN-US">Due to the rapid development and dynamics of education, parents are becoming increasingly focused and concerned about their children’s education. Parents have a significant influence on students’ academic performance (AP) based on various perspectives, one of which is socio-economic status (SES). A systematic literature review is required to provide an overview for educators and policy makers in Indonesia to address problems that arise in students’ AP due to SES factors. However, there are limited research studies that systematically review the literature on SES in regards to students’ AP. This study was guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) review protocol employing two databases: Scopus and Google Scholar, regarding students’ SES and student AP. There were 316 articles were screened and 51 articles that met the predetermined criteria were obtained. This study performed content analysis to codify, organize categories, and develop themes. Based on the thematic analysis, this study grouped three main themes: SES based on student roles, SES based on teacher roles, and SES based on family roles. This review contributes to the existing literature by providing direction for further research and as a catalyst for developing new literacy related to SES in education.</span>

Impact of Educational Intervention of Knowledge about Puberty in Indonesia’s Junior High School Students

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational interventions in enhancing the knowledge of junior high school students in Indonesia regarding puberty and sexual organ health. Additionally, the study sought to support teenagers in understanding and coping with bodily changes. Design/methodology/approach: A non-randomized intervention study was conducted with 128 seventh-grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Taman, Sidoarjo. Seminars led by pediatricians educated participants about puberty. Knowledge was evaluated using pre-and post-tests, with data analyzed using SPSS. Findings: There was a general improvement in students’ understanding post-intervention, although the enhancement was modest. Specific topics, such as the definition of puberty and primary hormones causing puberty, witnessed significant advancements. However, some areas observed a decline in post-test scores. Research Limitations/Implications: The study’s primary limitation lies in its modest increase in knowledge post-intervention. For meaningful conclusions, a deeper analysis may be required, considering the diverse baseline knowledge levels among participants. The findings underscore the need for refined interventions to bridge the educational gap effectively. Practical implications: The research emphasizes the importance of early education on puberty and sexual health, highlighting the potential negative consequences of delaying such education. The study’s results could guide educators and policymakers in Indonesia to design and implement more effective puberty and sexual health educational programs. Originality/value: This study offers a unique insight into the challenges faced by Indonesian adolescents due to a lack of adequate education on puberty. It provides a novel approach to assessing the impact of educational seminars, serving as a blueprint for future interventions in similar contexts.