Indole-3-butyric Acid Research Articles

Acacia mangium × A. auriculiformis micropropagation in a non-sterile environment

ABSTRACT Autoclaving eliminates microbial contamination during micropropagation, but the process is complex, time-consuming and expensive. Chemical sterilisation also effectively disinfects culture media and is relatively simple and cost-effective. Prior studies have focused on the effects of chemical sterilisation on bud induction, but the effects of sterilant on proliferation and rooting are unknown. We investigated the effect of sterilant on Acacia mangium × A. auriculiformis bud induction, rooting and subculture rooting. The optimal bud induction medium comprised 1/8 Murashige and Skoog medium + 7 g l−1 agar + 0.2 g l−1 chlorothalonil + 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine. The maximum bud induction rate (99.54%) with zero contamination was achieved using the third to fifth stem segments collected in October and treated with 0.8 g l−1 carbendazim for 3 min. The maximum rooting rate (97.62%) was attained using a rooting medium consisting of 7 g l−1 agar + 0.2 g l−1 chlorothalonil + 1.5 mg l−1 indolebutyric acid + 0.5 mg l−1 naphthaleneacetic acid. Proliferation ratio and subculture duration were positively correlated. The maximum proliferation rate (3.58%) was realised in the fourth subculture rooting. Chlorothalonil can effectively replace autoclaving of A. mangium × A. auriculiformis bud induction and rooting media. The present study provides insights for improving the rapid propagation method of Acacia sp. and a new direction for the development of micropropagation technology.

Effect of Different Types of cuttings and Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) on Rooting of Damas Plant (Conocarpus lancifolius L.)

An experiment consists of two types of cuttings viz. tip cutting (C1) and semi hardwood cuttings (C2) with different IBA concentrations i.e. 300 (I1), 400 (I2), 500 (I3) and 600 (I4) ppm each along with control (I5) were treated. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with Factorial Concept comprise three replications. The cuttings were planted in sand bed. Among different types of cuttings, maximum number of roots (11.03), root length (6.99 cm), fresh weight (255.60 mg/plant) of root and dry weight (27.59 mg/plant) of root along with highest rooting percent (67.14) of cuttings were recorded in tip cutting after 60 days of planting. While in case of IBA, highest number of roots (13.23), longest root (7.66 cm), maximum fresh weight (294.33 mg/plant) of root, dry weight (27.59 mg/plant) of root and maximum rooting percentage (67.14) of cuttings were recorded under treatment of 500 ppm IBA at 60 days of planting. Interaction effect of tip cuttings along with 500 ppm IBA (C1I3) was also found significant for all the characters.

Establishment of Artificial Rapid Propagation System of Fritillaria crassicaulis

Fritillaria crassicaulis S. C. Chen is a precious traditional Chinese medicine, but the number of populations has declined rapidly due to overexploitation. An artificial rapid propagation system was established to screen the suitable plant regeneration method and to explore the efficient propagation method, useful for propagation technology or for further research and development of F. crassicaulis. This study selected scale as the experimental material, set Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium as the basic medium, and optimized the types and proportions of plant growth regulator (PGR) suitable for callus induction, bulblet differentiation and proliferation, and plant regeneration by means of single-factor, full-factorial, and L9 (3)4 orthogonal experiments. Results demonstrate that in the experiment with single exogenous PGR, the high concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) was significantly better than kinetin (KT) to induce bulblets, 2, 4-dichloroacetic acid (2, 4-D) had a significant effect on callus induction, and a higher concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was beneficial to the occurrence and growth of bulbs, but the rooting effect promoted by indole butyric acid (IBA) was preferable to that by NAA. In MS medium with 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D and 1.5 mg/L 6-BA, a large number of yellowish-green compact calli could be induced from the scales with the calli induction frequency at 93.3%, and about 11.4% materials directly differentiated bulblets. In the subsequent orthogonal experiment, after the scales were cultured in MS medium with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D, and 0.1 mg/L NAA for 20 days, the small yellow and white globular protuberances formed near the incision, but no callus appeared, and many protuberances appeared on the surface of the scales. After 60 days, the protuberances at the incision developed into bulblets directly, while protuberances on the surface of the scales developed into few bulblets but crowded “leaf spines,” which gradually died and disappeared in the later culture; the proliferation coefficient was ∼6.30 then. Experimental results indicate that the optimal rooting medium for bulblets was 1/2MS medium with 2.0 mg/L IBA and 1.0 mg/L activated carbon (AC), with the rooting rate at 95.6%. This study identifies bulblet regeneration of F. crassicaulis, and an efficient direct organogenesis method was established: regenerated bulblets could be induced from scales in one step, so a large number of regenerated plants with the same genotype could be obtained in a short time.

Own-rooted Walnut Propagule of Four Walnut (Juglans) Rootstocks and Main Cultivated Cultivar Liaoning 1 Acquirement through Layering under Field Conditions

Walnut, a woody plant, is regarded as having difficulty rooting when propagated by vegetative methods, such as cutting and layering. A layering experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2022. In 2018, some Juglans species, including J. regia L. seedling (JR), J. regia cv. Liaoning 1 (JR LN1), J. hopeinesis Hu seedling (JH), J. mandshurica Maxim seedling (JM), and J. nigra L. seedling (JN), were the mother plants. The specific research hypotheses were that own-rooted walnut propagule could be obtained through layering. the rooting capacity of different Juglans species would be different, and the rooting ability of JN would be the highest among the samplings. The results indicated that all of these species in the experiment could be rooted by etiolation and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatment and that root occurrence was found 6 to 7 weeks after IBA treatment. The layers (shoots from the mother plant) on the seedlings of JR, JH, and JM obtained rooting percentages (RP) of 75.55%, 84.45%, and 86.67%, respectively, and root numbers (RNs) of 21.8, 42.8, and 38.8, respectively, after 20 days of etiolation and 1% IBA treatment. JR LN1 had difficulty rooting in equal conditions and had a RP of 31.11%. In 2022, JR LN1 was the only mother plant and the IBA concentration was increased to obtain satisfactory RP and RN. With the 4% and 8% IBA treatments, RPs of 88.9% and 93.3% and RNs of 40.3 and 27.7, respectively, were achieved. During the experiment, the RP, RN, root length (RL), and root diameter (RD), as well as the layer height (LH) and layer diameter (LD), were investigated and evaluated. Layers with low vigor were more likely to root, as shown by a nonparametric test conducted for the height and diameter of the layers of the rooting and nonrooting groups. A significantly negative correlation (r = −0.548) was observed between RN and LH. Moreover, the quality of the best results of JR LN1 layering propagule and that with ‘liaoning 1’ 1-year-old seedling were compared. Our results provide more support for the possibility of vegetative propagation of walnut by layering and more information regarding the clonal cultivation of walnut trees and the own-rooted seedling establishment of walnut cultivars.

대목별 DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) 및 IBA (Indole-3 butyric acid) 처리농도가 포도 ‘흑보석’ 포트묘 생산에 미치는 영향

대목별 DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) 및 IBA (Indole-3 butyric acid) 처리농도가 포도 ‘흑보석’ 포트묘 생산에 미치는 영향

Micropropagação de manjericão ‘Grecco a palla’ mediado por 6-benzylaminopurine e 3-indole butyric acid

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the efficiency of a protocol for micropropagation of stem apexes and nodal segments of basil ‘Grecco a Palla’ in various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 3-indole butyric acid (IBA). A completely randomized design was used with six treatments distributed in five replications. A medium without growth regulators favored the survival of Ocimumbasilicum stem apexes inoculated in vitro, and thereby promoted the sprouting of explants, whereas, for nodal segments, it was necessary to use regulators, and the concentration of 0.5 mg.L−1 BAP 0.0 mg.L−1 of IBA was more beneficial for the species.

Silicon nanoparticles and indole butyric acid positively regulate the growth performance of Freesia refracta by ameliorating oxidative stress under chromium toxicity.

Chromium (Cr) toxicity hampers ornamental crops' growth and post-harvest quality, especially in cut flower plants. Nano-enabled approaches have been developing with phenomenal potential towards improving floricultural crop production under heavy metal-stressed conditions. The current pot experiment aims to explore the ameliorative impact of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs; 10 mM) and indole butyric acid (IBA; 20 mM) against Cr stress (0.8 mM) in Freesia refracta. The results showed that Cr stress significantly reduced morphological traits, decreased roots-stems biomass, abridged chlorophyll (14.7%) and carotenoid contents (27.2%), limited gas exchange attributes (intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) 24.8%, stomatal conductance (gs) 19.3% and photosynthetic rate (A) 28.8%), condensed proline (39.2%) and total protein (40%) contents and reduced vase life (15.3%) of freesia plants by increasing oxidative stress. Contrarily, antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA and H2O2 levels, and Cr concentrations in plant parts were remarkably enhanced in Cr-stressed plants than in the control. However, foliar supplementation of Si-NPs + IBA (combined form) to Cr-stressed plants increased defense mechanism and tolerance as revealed by improved vegetative and reproductive traits, increased biomass, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll 30.3%, carotenoid 57.2%) and gaseous exchange attributes (Ci 33.3%, gs 25.6%, A 31.1%), proline (54.5%), total protein (55.1%), and vase life (34.9%) of metal contaminated plants. Similarly, the improvement in the activities of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase was recorded by 30.8%, 52.4%, and 60.8%, respectively, compared with Cr-stressed plants. Meanwhile, MDA (54.3%), H2O2 (32.7%) contents, and Cr levels in roots (43.3), in stems (44%), in leaves (52.8%), and in flowers (78.5%), were remarkably reduced due to combine application of Si-NPs + IBA as compared with Cr-stressed nontreated freesia plants. Thus, the hypothesis that the synergistic application of Si-NPs + IBA will be an effective approach in ameliorating Cr stress is authenticated from the results of this experiment. Furthermore, the study will be significant since it will demonstrate how Si-NPs and IBA can work synergistically to combat Cr toxicity, and even when added separately, they can improve growth characteristics both under stressed and un-stressed conditions.

Effect of Indole Butyric Acid on Biomass of Tobacco Seedlings

Effect of Indole Butyric Acid on Biomass of Tobacco Seedlings

Otimização da micropropagação de maçã silvestre ‘Zi Dieer’ através da proliferação de brotos axilares

ABSTRACT: Malus is an important ornamental plant around the world and widely used in commercial production due to its diversity and wide adaptability. ‘Zi Dieer’ crabapple has good adaptability to a wide temperature range (high and low), disease resistance, and high commercial value. To satisfy the market demand, we established ‘Zi Dieer’ crabapple micro-regeneration system for large-scale reproduction. Induced buds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/L) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA: 0.05, 0.1, 0.3 mg/L) for 35 days. The highest bud induction rate (93.3%) was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA, with average micro-shoot length of 1.32 cm. The germinated buds (1 cm in length) were propagated and cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L) and NAA (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mg/L), after 35 days, on the MS basal medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L BAP and 0.3 mg/L NAA, the best average number of new shoots is 8.56±0.13 (P<0.05) and good shoot length (4.94±0.09 cm), reproduction coefficient higher than MS medium (0) without PGRs. In order to induce rooting, the shoots (length 2 cm) are inserted in half strength MS (1/2 MS) medium containing 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/L of 3-indole butyric acid (IBA) or NAA, and 1 g/L activated carbon (AC) was added on the basis of NAA 0.3 mg/L to study the effect of activated carbon on the rooting of crabapple. After 38 days of culture, compared with other treatments, among the explants treated with IBA, the rooting rate was higher in the 1/2 MS medium containing 0.1 mg/L (82.1%), and the highest root number (11.29±0.52) was observed, and the root length was the other treatments 2-3 times. Although, the highest rooting rate was observed on 1/2 MS medium containing 0.1mg/L NAA (87.8 %), but the bottom of these buds formed large callus, which was not conducive to survival, and the root length was short. In summary, a feasible and complete rapid propagation program for ‘Zi Dieer’ crabapple has been developed.

Impact of Selected Plant Growth Regulators on Rooting Response of Stem Cuttings of Psidium guajava L.

Guava can be propagated vegetatively through layering, cutting and grafting, in addition to seeds. Among the propagation techniques, cuttings have gained popularity because they produce results in a shorted span of time. Rooting is an essential step in the propagation of guava through cuttings. Nowadays, the most popular technique for growing cuttings in a misty environment is the use of plant growth regulators, especially auxins such as Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) that promote root growth. The present study was undertaken to assess the influence of plant growth regulators on the rooting of diverse stem cuttings from guava cv. Arka Kiran under mist chamber conditions at the Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Two plant growth regulators, IBA and NAA were employed at various concentrations. These regulators were applied to single-node cuttings with one leaf, double node cuttings with two leaves, and herbaceous cuttings. The highest rooting percentage (55.10%), the duration for bud sprouting (21.13 days), and number of leaves (4.83) were observed in single-node cuttings treated with IBA at a concentration of 3000 ppm concentration. Single-node cuttings treated with IBA at 3000 ppm exhibited superior rooting and sprouting performance compared to Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). Among the three stem cuttings, single-node cuttings with one leaf proved to be the most effective for rapid multiplication.

Direct Shoot Regeneration of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. through Tissue Culture Technology

ABSTRACT: Chitrak is scientifically known as Plumbago zeylanica Linn. belongs to Plumbaginaceae. Root shows medicinally valuable drug in pharmacological enterprise as the humanity is certainly prone to numerous contagious ailments due to ecological imbalance triggered by the current technology development. One of its remarkable phytoconstituents is plumbagin, a naphthoquinone molecule used to treat skin conditions, tumours, and tenacious chronic rheumatoid arthritis. The objective was to standardize the procedure of Plumbago zeylanica direct-organogenesis micropropagation. The solution contained various concentrations and combinations of auxin and cytokinins, and the nodal explant was used for quick micropropagation. The maximum multiple shoots (18.24 ± 0.51) per explant with shoot length 4. 2cm ± 0.20 cm was produced as the MS medium supplemented with B5 vitamins together with 2mg/l 6- Benzyleaminopurine (BAP) and 1mg/l Indole-3- acetic acid (IAA). The regenerated shoots were rooted in half strength MS medium with B5 vitamins that contained indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The highest rooting frequency (100%) was seen in the 1.5 mg/l IBA-containing rooting media. The extreme roots were 9.2±0.14 per explant. The average root length was 4.2± 0.10 cm. The in vitro rooted Shoots were then transplanted in the field showing a 100 percentage survival rate.

Effect of Propagation Media and Plant Growth Regulators on Adventitious Rooting of Softwood Cuttings of Apocynum lancifolium Russanov

Background and objective: <i>Apocynum lancifolium</i> Russanov is a perennial herb native to Korea and belonging to the family Apocynaceae. Herein, cutting mediums and plant growth regulators (PGRs) were examined to investigate the requirements for the cutting propagation of <i>A. lancifolium</i>.Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 6 weeks from May to June 2023. As types of cutting medium for propagation by cutting, Kanuma soil, commercial potting mixes, perlite, and peat moss were used, and the PGRs of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at varying concentrations (100, 500, and 1,000 mg⋅L<sup>-1</sup>) and a 1:1 (v/v) solution of Rootone (0.4% 1-naphthylacetamide) diluted in water were applied for this study. After six weeks, growth characteristics, including cutting survival rate, rooting rate, shoot height, the number of leaves, root length, the number of roots, dry weight of shoots, and dry weight of roots, were examined.Results: Among the different growing substrates used for experimentation, the cutting survival rate on Kanuma soil (81.7 ± 5.0%) was the highest, followed by commercial potting mixes (40.0 ± 7.2%) and perlite (66.7 ± 2.7%), while the lowest cutting survival rate was on peat moss (35.0 ± 6.3%). On treatment with Kanuma soil (81.7 ± 5.0%), the rooting rate was also significantly greater than that when treated with other substrates. In the PGR experiment, the cutting survival rate and rooting rate treated with Rootone (0.4% 1-naphthylacetamide) were significantly higher than those when treated with other substrates. Further, the number of roots increased with an increase in the IBA concentration. Based on the results, we recommend treating <i>A. lancifolium</i> cuttings with Rootone and Kanuma soil to ensure successful cutting propagation of <i>A. lancifolium</i>.Conclusion: This mass production system for <i>A. lancifolium</i> via cutting propagation shows promise in terms of scalability and could help with germplasm conservation efforts for <i>A. lancifolium</i>.

OPTIMIZING MEDIA STERILIZATION VIA CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND AUTOCLAVING OF PAULOWNI MICROPROPAGATION

This study was aimed to investigat integrated system for in vitro growth of paulownia plants by assessing the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as an alternative to autoclave in sterilizing culture medium. Therefore, this study was devised to compare autoclave sterilization at three different times (5, 10, and 15) minutes and three different concentrations of ClO2 (0, 0.4, 0,8, 1) mg/L. The results showed that, compared with (0.4) mg/L concentration, concentrations of (0.8 and 1) mg/L are more effective at sterilizing the culture medium. ClO2 sterilization improved individual single node growth more than autoclave sterilization. Since ClO2 is non-toxic, it could be used as a safe alternative to autoclave when propagating paulownia in vitro. Culture medium sterilization in the autoclave takes only 5 minutes, compared with the standard 15 minutes. At initiation stage, growing single nodes in the Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) prepared with 0.5 mg/L Benzyl Adenine (BA) resulted in a 100% response rate, while doing the same in the Woody Plant Medium (WPM) resulted in a 20% response rate. The 1 BA + 0 a-Naphthalene Acetic Acid ( NAA) mg/L treatment was effective during vegetative multiplication stage, the highest average number of shoots produced by a plant treated with the mentioned concentration was 6.40 shoot per explant. During the rooting stage, Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) at a concentration of 2 mg/L was more effective than NAA, the typical number of roots produced by with 27.40 root per shoot. After two months in their natural environment, the plants' acclimatization rate was at a perfect 100%.

Bee honey improved the performance of indole-3-butyric acid on promoting adventitious roots formation of Cupressus macrocarpa L. var. Goldcrest: Morpho-biochemical and histoanatomical investigation

The effective role of different auxins on adventitious roots (Ars) formation of stem cuttings relies on several factors including type of auxins, concentrations and the intermixing materials. In this study, bee honey (BH) was evaluated as a cofactor for maximizing the promoting effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for better survival of propagated hard-to-root ornamental plants. To improve Ars morphogenesis of Cupressus macrocarpa L. var. Goldcrest, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of exogenous application of IBA intermixed with BH in comparison with talcum powder (TP) on morphological, biochemical, histoanatomical, and ultrastructural responses. Results indicated that 500 mg kg-1 IBA intermixed with BH (T5) was the superior treatment for improving rooting percentage and root growth measurements. Exogenous application of T5 led to maximize activities of polyphenol oxidase and catalase enzymes as well as total phenols content; however, it caused a sharp decline in peroxidase enzyme activity as compared with untreated cuttings. Additionally, this treatment decreased amounts of gibberellin, benzyl adenine, kinetin and abscisic acid, while the endogenous content of indole-3-acetic acid increased. Histoanatomical observations of stem cuttings treated with T5 showed four prominent phases for adventitious root formation including: induction, initiation of meristemoids, root primordial formation and Ar elongation at 0–6th, 6-12th, 12-18th and 18-30th day after planting (dap). The Ar primordia evolved via two different developmental pathways: (i) indirect genesis (i.e., callus tissues) and (ii) direct genesis (e.g., cells in the inner bark, medullary rays and surrounding tissues). The time-course histoanatomical data of this study provide insights regarding the potential utilization of IBA intermixed with BH to improve Ar formation of several hard-to-root ornamentals.

Micropropagation from cotyledonary explants of grapefruit (<i>Citrus</i> <i>paradisi</i> Macf.) by indirect and direct organogenesis

Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) is an economic fruit crop worldwide cultivated for its nutritional value, and aromatic flavours. However, the development of new varieties and high production of quality seedling constitutes a limit to improving grapefruit yields. An efficient regeneration protocol could be of great interest for grapefruit transformation, micropropagation, and germplasm conservation. In vitro plant regeneration systems of Citrus paradisi have been studied by using cotyledonary explants. Different concentrations of plant growth regulators were used to explore the organogenic potential of cotyledonary explants under laboratory conditions. For indirect organogenesis using cotyledon segment explants, a low concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) lead to the formation of white callus, while a high concentration of 2,4-D induced brown callus and adventitious root differentiation. The best response for callogenesis was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/L of 2,4-D. Only brown callus cultured on MS added with 2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) has regenerated shoots, but the percentage of callus producing shoots was very low (6.66 ± 2.68%). Regarding direct organogenesis from the cotyledonary node explants, the best response for shoot proliferation was observed on MS supplemented with 4 mg/L BAP (86.66 ± 12.58% of explants regenerating shoots, and an average number of 5.45 ± 0.45 shoots per explant). Low percentages of In vitro rooting of regenerated shoots were observed with different concentrations of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Nevertheless, the highest rooting percentage (13.33 ± 2.88%) was obtained on MS containing 2 mg/L NAA. These results provide new information for mass regeneration and the production of healthy seedlings, and can be applied in grapefruit improvement programs.

In vitro regeneration of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)

This investigation was done to determine how various plant growth regulators such as benzyl adenine (BA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) affected the in vitro plant regeneration of the black pepper plant. The largest number of shoots was produced when the shoot tips and nodal segments of black pepper were utilized as explants and inoculated in Murashige Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 1.5 mg/L BA. The treatment with 2.0 mg/L BA at 8 weeks after induction (WAI) produced the most leaves (3.2). In the 2.0 mg/L treatment of IBA, the greatest number of roots was regenerated. The treatment 2.0 mg/L BA + 2.0 mg/L IBA produced the highest results for shoot induction, shoot length, and overall leaf production when the effects of both hormones were combined. The same treatment also produced the highest proportion of root induction and longest roots. Regenerated plantlets survive at a 46.67% rate in a shaded building and at a 57.14% rate in the open air under bright sunlight. In order to produce black pepper on a big scale, an effective approach for in vitro regeneration of black pepper has been established. Bangladesh J. Agri. 2023, 48(2): 75-85

Establishment of an In Vitro Micropropagation Protocol for Hibiscus moscheutos L. ‘Berry Awesome’

Hibiscus moscheutos L. ‘Berry Awesome’ is a complex hybrid of the new Proven Winners Summerific series of varieties with highly ornamental characteristics. Micropropagation of highly ornamental varieties is important for mass production of planting material for commercial purposes. The traditional methods for propagating Hibiscus varieties, such as cuttings or seed propagation, however, do not guarantee high rates of production of high-quality seedlings. To solve this problem, an attempt was made to develop protocols for micropropagation of Hibiscus moscheutos L. ‘Berry Awesome’ in vitro on agar and liquid medium using a bioreactor system, followed by ex vitro adaptation of the regenerants. The optimal method for sterilization of nodal explants as well as the optimal composition of the initiation medium for shoot proliferation and rooting were determined. For micropropagation on a liquid medium, a rocker-type bioreactor was used, and its advantages over micropropagation on an agar medium were demonstrated. The results showed that the best sterilization method for nodal segment explants was as follows: pretreatment by rinsing with running tap water, sterile water, and distilled water for 70 min and soaking for 5 min in a mixture of solutions of ethyl alcohol (96%), hydrogen peroxide (38%), and water in a ratio of 1:1:2. In this case, live and sterile explants accounted for 62.6%. The optimal initiation medium for axillary buds in nodal segments was the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L−1 N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N’-phenylurea (CPPU), which resulted in 73.3% of axillary buds being induced. The optimal solid proliferation medium was MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L−1 CPPU with a proliferation coefficient of 5.8. In a liquid medium, the optimal concentration of CPPU was 0.05 mg L−1 with a proliferation coefficient of 9.2. The best medium for rooting/shoots with agar and in bioreactors was MS medium with the addition of 0.1 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The highest rooting rate was 99.0% in both types of media, and the survival rate of plantlets was 88.7% in solid media and 98.7% in the bioreactor.

Enhancing the Propagation and Cultivation Framework of Greek Rosa canina L. Germplasm via Sustainable Management Techniques

The current study aimed to enhance the sustainable utilization framework of the underutilized Greek native Rosa canina L. (rosehip) germplasm as a potential novel crop that can deliver high-quality products with minimum environmental impact. The first part of the work includes asexual propagation trials on cuttings of two Greek R. canina genotypes, assessing the potential of various alternative rooting enhancers to the conventionally used indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), as affected by rooting substrate and cutting type. The propagation results showed commercially acceptable (>50%) rooting rates for 2500 ppm IBA, coconut water, rooting gel and aloe vera treatments and similar rooting attributes of root number and length, providing evidence for the feasibility of using alternative rooting enhancers. The second part of the work presents the results of an ongoing ex situ cultivation trial assessing the potential of a diversified organic fertilization regime against conventional fertilization on fruit size and yield, coupled with macro- and micro-nutrient concentration, in the leaves of four Greek R. canina genotypes. The results showed a genotype-specific response in rosehip fruit size and yield to fertilization, with the organic regime showing comparable results to the conventional fertilization. In addition, diverse patterns, depending on the element, of macro- and micro-nutrient content were measured in the leaves in both fertilization regimes, which were, however, genotype-dependent. Overall, the current study reports for the first time the potential of alternative rooting enhancers for commercial R. canina propagation coupled with the application of organic fertilization as a means of establishing a diversified cultivation protocol for underutilized R. canina germplasm. The current results can be employed to further facilitate a value chain creation for Greek rosehips as a raw material for use in the agro-alimentary and medicinal–cosmetic sectors.

Quality and Nutraceutical Features of Cicer arietinum L. Stored under Nitrogen Atmosphere

Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea, or garbanzo bean) is one of the most consumed legumes worldwide. It is a rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, minerals and vitamins with very low cholesterol. From a nutritional point of view, despite the low content of fats, the seeds contain various unsaturated acids, such as linoleic and oleic acids, as well as bioactive compounds, like antioxidants, with reactive oxygen species-scavenging activities. It is known that long periods of storage can drastically affect the preservation of these compounds in seeds. For this reason, in the last few years, different methods have been tested with the aim of increasing the shelf life of economically relevant beans, seeds and cereals. A promising and eco-friendly alternative to traditional storage is the use of a controlled atmosphere, represented by N2-pressurized silos. The present study aims at evaluating the content of different compounds, e.g., fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, and molecules of nutraceutical interest, in chickpeas stored at ambient temperature in N2-pressurized silos (98.5 ± 0.5% (v/v)) and control ones (standard storage) in long-term kinetics (1 year). The results show the stable content of most compounds during the kinetics. However, vitamin E decreased in samples stored under both standard and controlled atmosphere conditions, with a more pronounced and significant decrease under standard conditions as compared to the controlled atmosphere. Additionally, samples stored under a controlled atmosphere show a total higher content of quinic, indole butyric and benzoic acid, as well as their derivates.

Enhanced wedelolactone content in in vitro-raised genetically uniform Wedelia chinensis under the influence of CuSO4.

In the present study, we addressed the imperative for potent anticancer agents through Wedelia chinensis, a medicinal plant abundant in the robust antihepatotoxic and antitumor compound wedelolactone. Hindrances in conventional propagation methods due to cross-pollination and habitat degradation prompted us to pioneer in vitro rapid multiplication using plant tissue culture. Optimal outcomes were attained employing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.5 mg/L) and Kinetin (KN) (5.0 mg/L), yielding 97.67% shoot regeneration and 81.67% rooting from nodal explants. Transplanted plantlets exhibited a 92% survival rate. We established a wedelolactone extraction protocol using toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid (5:4:1) for High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, trailblazing wedelolactone quantification and 2C DNA analysis in W. chinensis via flow cytometry. Experiments under heavy metal stress with CuSO4 unveiled physiological responses, with peak wedelolactone content [193.90 μg/g dry weight (dw)] in vitro at 75 μM CuSO4, surpassing in vivo levels (89.95 μg/g dw) by 116%. By pioneering successful in vitro rapid multiplication and enhanced wedelolactone content, we bridge a critical gap in the conservation and production of this medicinal plant. Our findings not only offer a sustainable means of propagation but also present a viable strategy for elevating the yield of potent bioactive molecules like wedelolactone, holding immense promise for the development of novel therapeutic interventions and addressing the pressing healthcare challenges of our time.