Indolbutiric Acid Research Articles

Organs formation on Jabon trees (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq) by in-vitro: treatment of various iba-kinetin combination

The objective of this study aimed to determine the concentration of the combination Indolebutiric acid (IBA) - Kinetin suitable for the formation of roots of the Jabon plant (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq) in vitro. This research is a follow-up study of the initiation and propagation of in vitro shoots of Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb) Havil). The study was conducted at the Forestry Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, University of Tadulako from February 2018 to August 2018. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with the addition of IBA and Kinetin to Murashige and Skoog basic medium in various concentrations as treatments. Five concentration levels of combinations of IBA + Kinetin were studied, namely: H1(0.1 ppm IBA + 3 ppm Kinetin), H2 (0.5 ppm IBA + 1 ppm Kinetin), H3 (1.0 ppm IBA + 0.5 ppm Kinetin), H4 (1.5 ppm IBA + 0.3 ppm Kinetin), H5 (2 ppm IBA + 0.1 ppm Kinetin). The experimental results showed that the combination of 1 ppm IBA + 0.5 ppm Kinetin concentration could promote the formation of Anthocephalus cadamba roots the best compared to other treatments. Treatment of 0.1 ppm IBA + 3 ppm kinetin and treatment of 0.5 ppm IBA + 1 ppm kinetin did not respond to root formation, but encouraged the formation of the best shoots of Anthocephalus cadamba.

Emetine and cephaeline production and regulation by in vitro propagation of Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes in semi-solid media and temporary immersion bioreactor

Psychotria ipecacuanha, is a plant species with known medicinal properties that is critically endangered due to overexploitation of natural populations. Although the difficulties in conventional propagation by seed and by vegetative propagation are generally understood, the present study enhances our knowledge by describing efficient plant regeneration and root induction protocols for P. ipecacuanha while comparing alkaloid content (emetine and cephaeline) in in vitro-derived tissues. Stem node explants were cultured on MS medium MS supplemented with indolbutiric acid (IBA) in semi-solid media and the RITA® temporary immersion bioreactor. The highest root formation (81%) was in MS + 1.5 mg L−1 IBA in the bioreactor. After 24 months of acclimatization, the plants cultivated in MS + 0.50 and 1.0 mg L-1 of IBA had the highest number of roots (3), with mean values of 10.47 and 9.40 cm, respectively. The cultures coming from 1.0 mg L−1 and 0.5 mg L−1 IBA in the bioreactor contained higher cephaeline content, with a relative area of 14.2 and 14.9%, respectively. For emetine, the 1.0 mg L−1 IBA cultures in the bioreactor, 0.5 mg L−1 IBA and MS0 cultures contained higher content than the other treatments, with a relative area of 10.2, 10.2 and 10.1%, respectively.

MINI-CUTTING TECHNIQUE FOR VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF Paratecoma peroba

Paratecoma peroba is a native Brazilian forest species of great economic and ecological interest, which is currently at risk of extinction owing to excessive wood exploration. The use of the mini-cutting technique could facilitate the vegetatively propagation of this species. The objective of the present study was to establish a vegetative propagation protocol for P. peroba using the mini-cutting technique. In the first experiment, were tested five concentrations of indolbutiric acid (IBA; 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 g.L-1) and two types of substrates (sand and a commercial substrate based on ground Pinus bark, coconut powder, and mineral additives). In the second experiment, were tested three types of mini-cuttings (apical of 6 cm and 10 cm, and intermediary of 4 cm) and two leaf area sizes (total leaf area and reduced to 50% of leaf area). The results showed that P. peroba could be vegetatively propagated using the mini-cutting technique with up to 82.5% rooting. There was only 5.6% of mini-cutting rooted in sand. High concentrations of IBA promotes decrease in rooting and number of roots. The 10 cm apical mini-cuttiing tend to form clones with better quality standards. The maintenance of the leaf area promotes the attainment of roots with greater root surface area, volume and dry mass of P. Peroba plants.

Propagation of Streptosolen jamesonii (Benth.) Miers by stem cutting treated with IBA in different substrates

The mamalade shrub [Streptosolen jamesonii (Benth.) Miers] is an ornamental species with great potential of use in gardens; these plants have an intense contrast of colors between flowers and leaves and their flowering occurs in practically all the seasons of the year. This plant is propagation mainly by stem cuttings, but the propagation vegetative of this plant is still poorly known. Knowledge about auxin and substrate actuations on rooting may be useful for the cultivation and promotion of the popularization of these plants for garden ornamentation purposes. Therefore, this work aimed evaluated the effect of indolbutiric acid (IBA) and substrates on stem rooting and quality of marmalade bush plants. The experimental design was the completely randomized, in a 5x3 factorial scheme, with eight replications and one stem cut per plot. Factor A consisted of four concentrations of IBA 500; 1000; 2000 and 3000 mg L-1 and a control 0 mg L-1 (only distilled water); the B factor was constituted of substrates: vermiculite, sand and commercial substrate Plantmax®. Each herbaceous cutting was standardized by length, measuring 10 cm and six leaves. The treatment was performed submerging the base of cutting, 3 cm in length, in solution of IBA for 1 min and disposed in substrates vermiculite, sand or commercial substrate. After 30 days were evaluated the percentage of rooting and surviving of cutting, the number of roots and shoots, the length of roots and shoots; the length of roots and shoots and the fresh weight of roots and shoots were evaluated. The IBA concentrations or the substrates do not affect the rooting or survival of the cuttings, however, better quality plantlets are obtained when the cuttings are treated with 750 to 1456 mg L-1 IBA in commercial substrates where the highest number of roots and the greater development of root and new shoots.

Effect of exogenous indolbutiric acid (IBA) applications and cuttings collection times on rooting capacity of sweet tamarind

Effect of exogenous indolbutiric acid (IBA) applications and cuttings collection times on rooting capacity of sweet tamarind

Effect of indolebutyric acid on in vitro root production of Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes (Rubiaceae)

Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes (Rubiaceae) é uma planta medicinal, conhecida como ipeca, que em suas raízes, são encontrados dois alcalóides de grande valor farmacológico (emetina e cefalina), usados no tratamento antidiarréico, amebicida, expectorante e antiinflamatório. O risco de extinção e a dificuldade do cultivo convencional da espécie, frente à grande demanda de mercado, fomentam estudos de métodos de cultivo que possibilitem a exploração econômica da mesma. Este trabalho apresenta dados sobre o desenvolvimento de protocolo de cultivo de raízes in vitro de P. ipecacuanha. Foram utilizadas folhas, segmentos nodais, internodais e raízes, que foram introduzidos em meios de cultura contendo diferentes concentrações (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 e 3,0 mg.L-1) de ácido indolbutírico. O melhor tratamento para a formação de raízes foi com a utilização de segmentos nodais, em meio de cultura contendo 2,5 e 3,0 mg.L-1 de AIB, que deram origem a 100% de formação de raízes, aos 60 dias de cultivo. Com relação ao número de raízes, o melhor resultado (13:1), foi obtido com a utilização de segmentos internodais em meio suplementado com 2,5 mg.L-1 de AIB e, o melhor comprimento de raízes foi obtido em segmentos radiculares desenvolvidos em 1,5 mg.L-1 de AIB (0,87cm por raiz).

Efecto de diferentes sustratos y auxinas en el enraizamiento de Leucadendron sp. (Proteaceae)

Colombian flower growers are faced with economic and social problems, so they are looking for alternatives, which include Proteas, ornamentals that require research that ensures an appropriate, local technical management. One of the Proteas most likely to be involved in this search is the genus Leucadendron. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the best basis for rooting its cuttings. The experimental design was a split plot design with a factorial arrangement. Four substrates were evaluated in combination with two auxins, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indolebutiric acid (IBA), three doses each, plus a commercial control. Each treatment was repeated three times and the experimental unit consisted of 30 stakes at the first locality and 25 at the second one. The most relevant results showed that vermiculite was the best substrate for rooting cuttings of Leucadendron at both localities. Also, it was identified that IBA is the growth regulator which improved the rooting percentage, the root volume, the stem decreased the percentage of losses.

Emergency and Growth of Passionfruit Following Different Seeding Dates and Stimulant Use, in Subtropical Autumn and Winter

The yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) is well adapted to tropical temperatures. Under subtropical conditions, winter temperatures limit its growth. Some treatments with biostimulants promote germination and seedling initial growth. The objective of this work was to evaluate emergency and growth of passionfruit seedlings under different seeding dates and seed treatments. Two stimulants were tested: gibberellic acid (GA) 1000 mg L-1 in water soaking and a stimulant (ST) composed of 90 mg L-1 kinetin, 50 mg L-1 gibberellic acid and 50 mg L-1 indolbutiric acid (IBA) applied without dilution (4 mL kg-1). Seeding dates were May 2, May 22, June 11 and July 2 for 2013 and 2014. Emergency in the ST treatment was similar to the control but was reduced by GA treatment. GA increased the time needed for the seeds to emerge. Seedling growth evaluated on September 15, in two years, was not significantly modified by any stimulant. Seeding dates did not influence emergency percentage, but in the two latest dates the emergence was slower. The later the sowing dates, the smaller the seedling growth, and the models fitted to the response were different according to the characteristics evaluated and the year.

IN VITRO DEVELOPMENT OF YELLOW LAPACHO (BIGNONIACEAE) USING HIGH-POWER LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

ABSTRACT Handroanthus ochraceus (yellow lapacho) is a medicinal, ornamental and timber tree which can be propagated by in vitro culture. Conventional methods use fluorescent lighting (FL), whereas light emitting diode (LED) has been used for this purpose only recently. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of FL and high-power LED (HP-LED) on the in vitro multiplication and rooting of yellow lapacho at different irradiances (15 to 60 µmol m-2s-1). Epicotyls obtained from half-siblings was multiplicated in WPM (Woody Plant Medium) supplemented with 20 µM benzilaminopurine and 1 mM IBA (indolebutiric acid). For rooting, shoots were cultured for 3 days in ½WPM supplemented with 50 µM IBA and for 42 days in auxin-free ½WPM under HP-LED or FL lighting. Under HP-LED, the multiplication rate of shoots increased significantly (61%) from 20 to 40 µmol m-2s-1 respect to FL. Differences in abaxial stomatal density and size were observed between light sources at 20 µmol m-2s-1. High HP-LED irradiance produced the highest rooting percentage. In the rooting stage, the marginal means of treatments without factors interaction showed that HP-LED irradiances significantly increased shoot length by 20%, shoot fresh weight by 77% and shoot dry weight by 30% in comparison to the values under FL. The maximum values calculated from the regression curves were around 50 µmol m-2 s-1 for HP-LED for all parameters except root lenght whereas were around 20 µmol m-2 s-1 for FL for all parameters except fresh and dry weigth of shoot. Here we show that HP-LED lighting improve in vitro culture of H. ochraceus, reduced 81% energy consumption respect to FL and uses only a multispectral LED instead of different single color LEDs. Therefore, HP-LED could be useful for the micropropagation of tree species contributing to sustainable agriculture and ecological restoration of degraded areas.

Resgate de árvores adultas de erva-mate e canjerana por estaquia de brotos epicórmicos de rebrota pós-fogo

The aim of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of rescuing adult plants by cuttings from post-fire epicormic shoots. We evaluated the native tree species erva mate ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) and canjerana ( Cabralea canjerana Vell. Mart.), which present difficult seedling production and are economically and ecologically important. The plant material used for the preparation of cuttings consisted of shoots from bud differentiation of tissue from the stem collar of the trees. One-bud cuttings of erva mate were treated with 4000 or 8000mg L-1 of indolebutiric acid (IBA) and the checks were not treated with auxins. The cuttings were grown in three different substrates: carbonized rice husks, vermiculite and coarse sand. The experiment was a factorial with a completely random design and five replicates of five cuttings. One-bud cuttings from the basal, intermediate and apical parts of canjerna shoots were treated with 0 or 6000mg L-1 of IBA and planted in commercial substrate and coarse sand (3:2 v/v). The experiment was a factorial with a completely random design and ten replicates of three cuttings. Cuttings from post-fire epicormic shoots can be used for rescuing erva mate and canjerana adult plants. Erva mate cuttings treated with 8000mgL-1 IBA have increased rooting when grown in coarse sand. Canjerana cuttings from the basal part of epicormic shoots have greater survival and rooting than those from intermediate and apical parts.

Cuttings of post fire epicormic shoots of Ilex paraguariensis and Cabralea canjerana adult plants

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of rescuing adult plants by cuttings from post-fire epicormic shoots. We evaluated the native tree species erva mate ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) and canjerana ( Cabralea canjerana Vell. Mart.), which present difficult seedling production and are economically and ecologically important. The plant material used for the preparation of cuttings consisted of shoots from bud differentiation of tissue from the stem collar of the trees. One-bud cuttings of erva mate were treated with 4000 or 8000mg L-1 of indolebutiric acid (IBA) and the checks were not treated with auxins. The cuttings were grown in three different substrates: carbonized rice husks, vermiculite and coarse sand. The experiment was a factorial with a completely random design and five replicates of five cuttings. One-bud cuttings from the basal, intermediate and apical parts of canjerna shoots were treated with 0 or 6000mg L-1 of IBA and planted in commercial substrate and coarse sand (3:2 v/v). The experiment was a factorial with a completely random design and ten replicates of three cuttings. Cuttings from post-fire epicormic shoots can be used for rescuing erva mate and canjerana adult plants. Erva mate cuttings treated with 8000mgL-1 IBA have increased rooting when grown in coarse sand. Canjerana cuttings from the basal part of epicormic shoots have greater survival and rooting than those from intermediate and apical parts.

Indolbutiric acid responses on rooting and survival of Hymenaea courbaril L. cuttings

Atualmente, o apelo ambiental para promover programas de reflorestamento, recuperacao de areas degradadas e preservacao da biodiversidade pressiona o setor de producao de mudas de essencias florestas nativas. Jatoba, Hymenaea courbaril L., e uma arvore nativa que fornece muitos produtos de grande relevância economica. A propagacao vegetativa e um metodo alternativo para a producao de mudas, que apresenta muitos beneficios, incluindo a possibilidade de estabelecer sebes clonais de alta produtividade, pois ocorre com o genero Eucalyptus. O experimento foi realizado em uma estufa, com controle parcial de temperatura e umidade. O estudo avaliou os efeitos de diferentes dosagens de hormonio do acido indolbutiric (IBA) no processo de enraizamento de estacas de jatoba. As estacas foram preparadas em laboratorio e submetidas a diferentes dosagens de IBA (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 e 1000 mg L-1), posteriormente estabelecidas em substrato de areia e colocadas em ambiente protegido com sistema de nebulizacao intermitente e sombreamento de 50 %. A analise estatistica foi realizada utilizando o software R, de acordo com o desenho experimental em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e quatro repeticoes. Os resultados obtidos pela avaliacao binomial mostraram que nao houve diferenca significativa entre as dosagens IBA, entao o uso de IBA nas estacas de H. courbaril rooting foi ineficaz. No entanto, o sucesso na propagacao vegetativa de jatoba pode ocorrer atraves da selecao de individuos que apresentam bons resultados ao enraizamento acidental. O uso de IBA em enraizamentos acidentais varia de uma especie para outra e, devido a falta de estudos sobre o assunto em relacao a Hymenaea courbaril L., devem ser realizados mais experimentos a serem realizados para avaliar o potencial rizogenico.

English

Vegetative propagation were studied in order to implement Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. wood production, conservation and genetic improvement programs. The objective of this research work was to establish the requirement as well the appropriated concentration of indolbutiric acid (IBA) in the K. senegalensis leafy stem cuttings to produce new plants. The basal end of the leafy stem cuttings were immersed, at first subjected to the so called slow method, in a 5% ethanol solution with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1 of IBA for 12 h and, as another procedure, the so called quick method, to a 50% ethanol solution with 0, 3000, 6000, 9000 and 12000 mg L-1 of IBA for 5. The leafy stem cuttings were transferred to plastic trays filled with 9.5 L of medium texture expanded vermiculite in which the cuttings had their basal end immersed to a depth of 3 cm in an 8.0 x 8.0 cm spacing. The experimental units were distributed according to a completely random design with five replications. Each experimental unit consisted of twelve cuttings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under a 50% of shade condition during the period from January to June of 2012. The quick method, in comparison with the slow one, gave the best results in terms of percentage of rooted stem cuttings and height of the sprouted plantlets. In the quick method, no differences between IBA concentrations were observed. The slow and the quick methods did not differ as to stem cuttings survival, total root length per leafy stem cutting, number of roots per stem cutting, plantlets survival and percentage of sprouted plantlets. It was concluded that K. senegalensis may be propagated by leafy stem cuttings taken from plantlets of seminal origin without the use of IBA. Key words: Khaya, Senegal mahogany, vegetative propagation, auxin, seedlings.

EFEITO DOS ÁCIDOS INDOLBUTÍRICO E NAFTALENOACÉTICO NO ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS SEMILENHOSAS DE <i>Cordia trichotoma</i> (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509820584O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico e do ácido α-naftaleno acético no enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas coletadas de brotações de mudas de Cordia trichotoma. As mudas foram produzidas por sementes, constituindo um jardim miniclonal com posterior poda da parte aérea. As brotações foram colhidas resultando em estacas semilenhosas com 12,0 cm de comprimento e, 5,5 mm de diâmetro e um par de folhas na porção apical reduzida pela metade. Os tratamentos compreenderam a imersão rápida da base das estacas em ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e ácido α-naftaleno acético (ANA) nas concentrações de 0, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000, 8.000 mg L-1 em delineamento de blocos casualizados com arranjo bifatorial 2 x 5. Após 60 dias do estaqueamento, foram avaliados a porcentagem de enraizamento, o número e comprimento das raízes, a porcentagem de brotações, o número de brotos e folhas novas, a porcentagem de estacas com calos, assim como a sobrevivência e mortalidade. O fitorregulador AIB na concentração de 8.000 mg L-1 promoveu maior enraizamento, resultando em 28,9% das estacas enraizadas, e com maior número de raízes por estaca. Para o ANA, não houve efeito significativo sobre o enraizamento. O aumento crescente da concentração dos fitorreguladores reduziu linearmente a emissão de brotações e folhas novas e aumentou linearmente a mortalidade de estacas, afetando negativamente os componentes da parte aérea das estacas semilenhosas de Cordia trichotoma.

Enraizamento de estacas de flor de jade (Strongylodon macrobotrys A. Gray) tratadas com ácido indolbutírico

The jade vine (Strongylodon macrobotrys A. Gray), is native plant from Philippines. It has long blue-green pseudoracemes inflorescence, which makes it unique and incomparable. It is considered one of the most admired and sought vines, although rare in gardens. This study evaluated the effect of indolbutiric acid (IBA) on the stalks rooting of this ornamental specie. Stem cuttings without leaves and with a couple of leaves cut in half, were collected from branches of a well developed jade vine plant and were immerged into dipping solutions with a concentration range of IBA (0, 500, 1.000, 2.000 and 4.000 mg L-1) for 15 seconds. Subsequently, the bases of the cuttings was planted in polystyrene trays containing vermiculite (one cutting per cell) and maintained in an intermittent water mist chamber for a 80 days period. Then the percentage of stem rooting was assessed as well as the number of roots and the length of the main root. Jade vine plants can be produced byr stem cutting treated in a dipping solution containing an IBA concentration of 2.000 mg L-1.

Enraizamento de estacas caulinares de ixora

The ixora is ornamental plant widely used in landscaping. In order to maximize the propagation of cuts, we evaluated the concentrations of auxin (indolbutiric acid) and the presence of leaves on the rooting in cuts of Ixora coccinea L. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design, in factorial design 3x4, with three types of cuts (without leaf, with two or four leaves), four concentrations of indolbutiric acid (0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg L-1), with four replications and 10 cuts in each experimental unit. After 53 days of implantation the experiment, evaluated the survival(%), rooting(%), sprouting(%), formation of callus(%), number, length and biomass of roots formed. The interaction of the type of cuts with concentrations of auxin was not significant for any of the variables analyzed. The survival of cuttings was not influenced by the treatments. Cuts with two or four leaves presented rooting and length of roots above the cuttings without leaves. The application of auxin does not substitute the presence of leaf in cuts of ixora in vegetative propagation. The vegetative propagation by cut of ixora can be made without application of auxin, and the leaves must be maintained in the cuttings.

Qualidade de Mudas de Manjericão (Ocimum Basilicum L.) em Casa de Vegetação Submetida a Diferentes Substratos e Concentração de Ácido Indolbutírico

O presente trabalho foi conduzido no Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas da ESALQ/USP, durante o período de agosto a setembro de 2013. O experimento avaliou três tipos de substratos (areia lavada, fibra de coco e substrato Plantmax®) e cinco diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB - 0, 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 mg L-1). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o fatorial inteiramente aleatorizado 3 x 5, com quatro repetições. Os efeitos principais da interação multiplicativa, modelo AMMI, do substrato (S) e AIB (A) foram utilizados para analisar as variáveis biométricas. Os fatores substrato (S) e a interação S x A foram significativos para massa seca de folhas e raízes, comprimento radicular, diâmetro do caule, razão diâmetro-altura e índice de qualidade de Dickson. O teste de Gollob apresentou um componente principal significativo (IPCA1). A estaquia de Ocimum basilicum L. pode ser realizada tanto por substrato Plantmax® sem tratamento de ácido indolbutírico, como pelo substrato areia lavada com o tratamento de ácido indolbutírico na concentração de 2000 mg L-1.

Efecto del ácido indolbutírico (IBA) y 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP) en el desarrollo in vitro de yemas axilares de Encyclia microtos (Rchb.f.) Hoehne (Orchidaceae)

Encyclia microtos (Rchb.f.) Hoehne, is an endemic orchid that are distributed in the north of Peru (Tumbes and Piura) and it is being depredy illegally causing the extinction of the same one. With inter- est to maintain his conservation, is an alternative by means of the propagation in vitro. For that reason the objective of this research is to evaluate the indolbutiric acid effect (AIB) and 6-bencilaminopurine (BAP) in the development in vitro of axillar bud of E. microtos. The experience with plant of 120 days of age began, it was introduced in medium MS (Murashige and Skoog) suplement with sucrose, phytagel, AIB , BAP (sin- gle or combined) and adjusting to pH of 5.5. Nine treatments were made, in a rank of 0; 1 and 2 ppm (sin- gle or combined). The results showed that BAP (2 ppm) promoted the greater development of axillary buds with a rate of multiplication of the double of plant to the 90 days in which they were exposed to the growth regulators. To single concentrations of AIB (1 ppm and 2 ppm), promoted a better development of leaves, roots and length of the same ones.

In Vitro Growth and Rooting of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) on Medium with Different Concentrations of Plant Growth Regulator

Propagation of mangosteen is challenging for many reasons, including limited seed set, slow rate of seedling growth, and difficulty with root formations. The objective of this research was to find the best combination of medium and plant growth regulator for in vitro growth and rooting of mangosteeen seed. Various types of explant (a whole seed; seed divided into 2, 3, and 4 cross sections; seed divided into 2, 3, and 4 longitudinal sections) were treated with five concentrations of benzyl amino purine (BAP; 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mg/L) for shoot induction in ½ Nitrogen (N) Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The shoots were rooted on MS and woody plant medium (WPM) media with several combinations of indole butyric acid (IBA) and naphtalene acetic acid (NAA). Treatments for root induction were applied as follows: (i) low dose, given during induction of rooting, (ii) soaking the base of the shoots in medium treated with a high dose of auxin for 5 days, and then growing the shoots in MS ½ N with 1 mg/L NAA + 1 mg/L BAP medium. Our result show that BAP positively affected mangosteen bud growth. The best medium for mangosteen shoot regeneration was found to be MS ½ N + 5 mg/L BAP. This medium induced the highest number of shoots from the seed explant cut into four cross sections. We found the best medium to induce in vitro rooting of mangosteen shoot was MS ½ N + 3 mg/L indole butiric acid (IBA) + 4 mg/L NAA medium. Some treatment negatively affected growth. Soaking the mangosteen shoot base in a medium with an overly high dose of auxin seemed to disrupt and inhibit growth of the mangosteen shoot.

Propagação de variedades de caramboleira por estaquia herbácea

Realizou-se o presente trabalho objetivando avaliar a propagação de três variedades de caramboleira por estaquia em função da dose de regulador de crescimento (ácido indolbutírico - AIB), empregada no tratamento das estacas. Foram utilizadas estacas herbáceas apicais, sendo o experimento conduzido em câmara de nebulização intermitente, localizada em condições de ripado (50% de luminosidade). As estacas das variedades B10, Hart e Golden Star receberam o tratamento com AIB, nas doses de 100; 200 e 400 mg.L-1 (imersäo lenta) e nas doses de 1.000, 3.000 e 5.000 mg.L-1 (imersäo rápida), mais tratamento-testemunha (0 mg.L-1 de AIB). As avaliações, 90 dias após a estaquia, foram quanto: porcentagens de sobrevivência, calejamento e enraizamento; número médio de raízes por estaca e comprimento médio das raízes (cm). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições por tratamento, compostas por 10 estacas, analisado em fatorial 3 x 7 (variedades x AIB). Conforme resultados obtidos neste trabalho, näo há necessidade do tratamento das estacas de caramboleira com regulador de crescimento (AIB). A variedade Golden Star mostrou melhores resultados, seguida pela Hart e B10.