Individual Value Orientations Research Articles

Managing the social potential of the information environment as a basis for demographic sustainability

In the context of increasing instability in international relations it is one of the forms and strategies in the struggle for human potential. Ideologies, which are actively used to destroy the socio-economic systems of other countries, influence the value orientations of individuals, change their motivation for effective interaction in the preservation and sovereign development of their own national model, become a powerful weapon in the era of digital transformation of society. Under these conditions, it becomes necessary to manage the social potential of the information environment as a condition of demographic security. The article describes the results of the research concerning the influence of information environment on the changes in demographic attitudes and migratory behavior, as well as on the socio-demographic situation in the country in general. The necessity of identifying informational and socio-cultural factors that have an impact on sustainable demographic development of the republic is reviewed.

Направленность и интенсивность трансляции ценностных ориентаций в спортивной среде в российских средствах массовой информации

The relevance of the conducted research lies in the fact that at the present stage of society development, mass media, broadcast content, is an important factor of socialization, formation of models of socially adequate be-havior, generally accepted value orientations of individuals – its consumers, including young athletes. Never-theless, many value orientations are still not formed, moreover a neutral or positive attitude towards unac-ceptable social phenomena is could often be detected. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze the direction and intensity of the transmission of the val-ues theme in sports in the Russian mass media. Content analysis of such Russian Internet media as “Champi-onat.com”, “Sport24”, “RIA Novosti Sport” (sports – soccer, hockey, figure skating) was carried out. The study was conducted over a three-month period (February – April 2023). As a category of analysis, the concept of “value orientations in sports” was used, which was further divided into several units of analysis. The search was carried out with the help of keywords divided into several groups representing generally accepted value orien-tations characteristic of the sphere of sport. The following conclusions are drawn as a result of the analysis. Firstly, there is a paucity of materials touching upon the topic of socially approved value orientations. In various media such publications range from 0.5 % to 3.0 %. Secondly, in those publications that are available, the media broadcast an ambivalent and, at times, contradictory attitude to certain manifestations of deviant behavior and violations of generally accepted values, there is no clear understanding of what is acceptable in each sport and what is not.

Культурное пространство как фактор формирования ценностных ориентаций молодежи

The article considers the role of cultural space in the formation of value orientations of modern youth. The vectors of the influence of cultural space on the formation of value orientations were analyzed, three levels of the influence of cultural space on the formation of value orientations (macro, meso and micro levels) were characterized. The influence of cultural space can be significant, but not always consistent with the dominant values of society. In this regard, it is necessary to study the forms, methods and mechanisms of this influence, and not reject its existence. The direct impact of cultural space on the process of forming youth value orientations consists in conscious self-regulation of individual value orientations of young people in a specific sociocultural environment of society. The main characteristics of the modern cultural space of Russian youth should be used as a basis for the formation and implementation of youth policy, respectively. Such characteristics include: blurred boundaries (including the boundaries of social norms), reduction of high culture in favor of mass consumer and virtualization of interaction with cultural objects.

Drivers and social effects of the decision to turn on one’s camera during videoconferencing in groups

With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, videoconferencing was rapidly adopted. However, individuals frequently decide to keep their cameras off during videoconferences. Currently, the reasons for this are not well modeled, and neither are the social effects this decision has. The present research addresses the question whether camera use can be conceptualized as prosocial behavior. To this end, two preregistered studies (total N = 437) examined how the decision to turn on one’s camera is influenced by established situational determinants (group size, social influence, and social tie strength) and dispositional predictors of prosocial behavior (individual communion, agency, and social value orientation), whether individuals prefer meetings in which others turn on their cameras, and whether camera use impacts social perception (communion and agency) by others. As predicted, people were shown to overall prefer meetings in which others turn on their cameras in Study 1 (a factorial survey). Furthermore, situational determinants of prosocial behavior were demonstrated to influence camera use in the hypothesized directions, while findings regarding dispositional predictors of prosocial behavior were mixed. Study 2 conceptually replicated the effect of social influence on camera use in a correlational survey. As predicted, it was also demonstrated that individuals who have their camera on are perceived as higher in agency, but, in contrast to predictions, not higher in communion. Together, the findings indicate that camera use is prosocial in that it benefits others, but that it is not primarily driven by prosocial intent or commonly interpreted as a prosocial act.

Family or career? Happiness and success of youth through orientation towards professional and family values

This article explores the connection between young people’s focus on professional and family values and their subjective sense of happiness and success. This subject is pertinent in today’s world, where an increasing number of youths prioritize material accomplishments and careers, often neglecting their personal lives and relationships. The empirical findings are derived from the authors’ sociological study involving young participants (aged 14–35) and utilizing a questionnaire as the research method. The findings indicate that young individuals who exhibit strong career orientations are less happy, while those with predominant family values experience greater success and report higher levels of subjective happiness. However, examining the respondents’ family and professional values reveals a complex and multifaceted distribution among “happy”/“unhappy” and “successful”/“unsuccessful” categories, preventing a clear-cut and polarized classification of these groups. Investigating young people’s focus on professional and family values helps us comprehend their influence on happiness, success, and self-realization. The importance of maintaining a balance between work and personal life is emphasized, as seen through the lens of self-perceived happiness and success, ultimately contributing to more comprehensive individual self-realization and improved life satisfaction. This knowledge can assist educational institutions, youth policy implementation divisions, and education departments in devising effective strategies to support young people’s life choices and growth, as well as in establishing conditions that promote more complete self-realization. Examining young people’s orientation towards professional and family values can enable society to better understand and address the changing value orientations of young individuals and implement appropriate measures to support their needs and interests.

ЦІННІСНИЙ ПРОФІЛЬ ПРИХИЛЬНИКІВ ПРИМИРЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ ТА РОСІЇ

The article studies an individual's value orientations, their role in shaping his/her worldview. The study aims to find out the psychological characteristics and value orientations of Ukrainians depending on their commitment to signing a peace treaty between Ukraine and Russia in the context of the full-scale war between these countries. This analysis can help scientists identify the main values and beliefs that underlie the position of peace treaty supporters, and deepen their understanding on attitudes to the conflict and influencing factors in representatives of different social groups. As a result, the findings can be used to develop preventive measures against appearing prejudice and conflicts between holders of different ideas in Ukrainian society. Via empirical study, we obtained and analyzed the value profiles of people supporting peace treaty, identified the key values that motivate people to accept a particular scenario of a peace treaty between the countries and explored their relations with people's psychological characteristics. In particular, the respondents who opposed a peace treaty had a high level of values related to «Friendliness», «Universalism», «Independence» and «Security». In contrast, respondents who supported a peace treaty showed higher values such as «Friendliness», «Conformity», «Independence» and «Stimulation», and lower values such as «Tradition», «Power» and «Security». Respondents who preferred a peace treaty demanding withdrawal of Russian troops and return to the borders as of 1991 had higher values such as «Tradition», «Power» and «Achievement». Respondents who preferred a peace treaty demanding return to the borders as of 24 February 2022 showed lower values such as «Friendliness», «Independence», «Stimulation» and «Universalism». Respondents who supported a peace treaty that would stipulate the withdrawal of troops from the territory of Ukraine to the borders as of 24 February 2022 have statistically lower «Achievement» value than the respondents from other groups.

COVID-19 and individual performance in global virtual teams: The role of self-regulation and individual cultural value orientations.

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, global virtual teams (GVTs) have become increasingly important. Drawing on conservation of resources theory and self-regulation theory, we examined the mechanism and process underlying individuals' performance in GVTs in this specific situation. We posit that the local severity of the pandemic has a negative effect on individuals' performance in GVTs and that self-regulation functions as a coping mechanism in times of pandemic-related ambient stress, reducing its negative effect on performance. We suggest that three cultural value orientations, that is, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, and long-term orientation, explain different levels of self-regulation, which in turn moderates the relationship between the local severity of the pandemic and individual performance in GVTs. Based on a sample of 2727 individuals from 31 countries participating in an international business consulting project during the early stage of the unfolding pandemic, we show that (a) the local severity of the pandemic had a negative effect on individuals' performance, (b) the negative effect of the pandemic on performance is weaker for individuals with high self-regulation, and (c) uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation are positively associated with self-regulation, which mediates the moderating relationship between the cultural value orientations and the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and individual performance in GVTs.

The Profession of a Psychologist: the Ideals of Applicants and the Validity of the Choice of Students

The main problem is the frequent mismatch of ideals when choosing a future profession and various aspects of subsequent professionalization of a person. As a result, there may be a loss of interest in the profession and an individual's alienation from his professional choice. This article touches upon the issue that the idealization of the profession of a psychologist coincides with certain values of applicants, and then during their studies at the university, students make adjustments to their ideas based on obtaining the necessary knowledge and skills. This allows to achieve the effect of the right professional choice and "join" the profession. The purpose of the study is to show how the professional choice of future psychologists is formed and how it is related to the value orientations of individuals. At the same time, psychology of professions and sociology of professions became the main methodological approaches. The empirical study was conducted in 2018-2021 and was based on the method of semi-structured interviews with applicants and later with university students who are receiving the profession of a psychologist. The sample was determined by a combination of "applicant-student" in the system of universities that train future psychologists (42 applicants and then 20 students from this group). As a result of the study, the following results were obtained: the idealization of the profession of a psychologist is associated with the need to help people, while applicants are guided in their ideas about the profession by their value stereotypes: respect for the individual, following moral principles, responsibility for themselves and others, etc. Idealization of the profession of a psychologist is also connected with its cognitive capabilities in two main directions: human cognition and cognition of the surrounding reality and the world.

INTERDETERMINATION OF HEALTH AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AS A PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEM

The urgency of the problem. It is appropriate to characterize the interaction of health and a healthy lifestyle as a component of the problem field of social philosophy, philosophical anthropology, philosophy of education and philosophy of health, in a broader sense ‒ as one of the directions of development of modern existential philosophy, which focuses on the study of the individual and its material space. The most important thing is the philosophical analysis of the mutual determination of health and a healthy lifestyle in the context of the problem of self-actualization of the individual, which is currently on the periphery of scientific research. Based on this, the goal of our research is to determine the specificity and significance for the development of the personality of the mutual determination of health and a healthy lifestyle in the context of socialization and education processes. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study of the mutual determination of health and a healthy lifestyle consists primarily of the guidelines of existentialism, philosophical anthropology, philosophical and educational knowledge, as well as individual components of communicative studies, theoretical psychology, and philosophical and pedagogical methodology. Research results. A healthy lifestyle should be understood as a representation of the interaction of lifestyle and health with a positive effect on the latter, which determines the axiological nature of this problem. A healthy lifestyle should be considered as a component of the interaction between lifestyle and health. A priority role in determining the content and direction of such interaction is played by individual value orientations formed on the basis of social and cultural norms in relation to one's own psychophysical state. Health reflects a certain state of the human body at all levels, primarily at the psychosomatic and spiritual-motivational levels of the individual. A healthy lifestyle does not reflect the state of health, but the methods and tools for its provision and maintenance, focusing on determining the ways of life that allow you to achieve certain goals in everyday life. Both health and a healthy way of life are factors in ensuring the effective life activity of a person and his self-ctualization, which gives reason to talk about the philosophical and educational dimension of the researched problem.

Emotional value technology of foreign-language education for the development of speech communication abilities

The problem for the research. The focus of civilization on the priority of humanistic values implies a change in the way of thinking and actions of modern man. This requires from an individual new skills and value orientations. Not without reason, today in the methodology of teaching foreign languages, much attention is paid to the involvement of the emotional value component in the process of foreign-language education. The search for the means to implement it forced us to turn to the emotional value technology. The purpose of the research is to characterize the emotional value technology of foreign-language education and prove its effectiveness at the stage of development of foreign-language speech abilities. Methods of investigation. The experiment involved 64 students of the 5th and 6th grades of schools in Kirov. To obtain the data, the following methods were used: of calculating the success rate, based on the criteria and levels of evaluation the results of mastering by secondary school students the content of foreign-language education in combination of “intellectual” and emotional value components; of mathematical statistics (standard deviation, F-criterion). The findings of the study. The results of the final check displayed that the level of mastering the components of foreign-language education (“intellectual” components + the emotional value component) increased in 88% of students; it did not change in 12%. Differences are explained not by random factors, but by experimental training (F = 2,47; p < 0,05). These data prove the effectiveness of the emotional value technology at the stage of development of students’ foreign-language speech abilities. Conclusions. In the process of adapting the model of the emotional value technology of foreign-language education, it turned out to be capable to function in the conditions of the development of speech communication abilities. The result was a contribution to the formation of the student’s linguacultural personality. This personality is characterised by foreign-language speech abilities in listening, speaking, reading, written speech, emotional and sensory recognition of cultural values and inner comprehension of their meaning.

Changes in business students' value orientations after the COVID‐19 outbreak: An exploration

The values people hold tend to be relatively enduring. An important exception appears to be values adaptation in response to major, life‐altering situations. Major events can act as triggers for people to adapt their values based on the new context. In particular, collective traumas—such as the COVID‐19 pandemic—may incite immediate values change. The aim of the current paper is to compare business school students' value orientations before and after the COVID‐19 global pandemic outbreak. We investigated responses from two comparable samples of business students: one surveyed before and one surveyed after the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The subjects' individual value orientations were aggregated and analyzed by comparing the distribution of the first group's pre‐COVID‐19 outbreak responses with the second group's post‐COVID‐19 outbreak responses regarding the importance given to values in the Rokeach Values Survey. We further explored specific demographic differences in personal versus social orientations and competence versus moral orientations for our samples. Results confirm differences in business school students' pre‐COVID‐19 outbreak versus post‐COVID‐19 outbreak value orientations, with the post‐COVID‐19 outbreak sample reporting greater attention to social values, as predicted, and competence values, not as predicted. Implications of our findings are discussed.

“Me” vs. “We”: Value-Oriented Fee Increase Justification Messaging in the Context of Resource-Intensive Public Recreation Facilities

Tax-based appropriations for local public leisure services have become increasingly scarce. To increase cost recovery and generate additional revenue, many park and recreation agencies have added new fees or elevated existing fees. However, fee increases may arouse resistance among users. To alleviate user resistance, fee justification messaging providing additional information about potential beneficial outcomes may be utilized. This study sought to test two different types of benefit-based fee justification messages (community-benefit vs. user-benefit messages) in the context of an aquatic center and examine how the effects of messages vary with individual value orientations. Results indicate that both types of benefit-based justification messaging improved users’ fairness perceptions, but had a marginal impact on purchase intentions. The effectiveness of messaging was found to be dependent on value orientation as individuals with a high self-enhancement or a high self-transcendent value orientation were more responsive to fee messaging.

Socio-psychological research of value orientations of students

The analysis of philosophical, sociological, pedagogical and psychological literature let us make a conclusion that the fundamental basis of the legal consciousness of each person is the degree of his spiritual perfection and maturity. Value and spiritual and moral prerequisites, in turn, are the basis of law, making the behavior of an individual in society expedient. The authors of the paper focus their attention on the frequent cases of delinquent behavior among young students. There is a new form of delinquent behavior, that is deviant socio-political activity. The authors of the paper see the problem of contradiction between the real state of legal consciousness of students and the lack of knowledge of the relationship of legal consciousness with individual psychological characteristics and value orientations of students. The desire to find ways to resolve this contradiction determined the purpose of the research conducted to investigate the relationship of legal consciousness with individual psychological characteristics and value orientations of Samara students who took part in unauthorized protest actions in January 2021. The paper presents the results of an empirical study of individual psychological characteristics and value orientations of students who took part in unauthorized protest actions. The results received, it was found that the subjects of the sample are really prone to delinquent behavior, they have a low level of volitional control of the affective sphere, a pronounced tendency to aggression and violence against the background of negative attitudes towards social norms and rules, the level of legal awareness is low, a positive attitude to law is not formed, and higher, spiritual values are rejected. Among the preferred values are the values of the hedonistic and gloric vector.

What happens when the nuclear power plant goes? Social and economic consequences of dismantling for the site and its population

Abstract. This project deals with the question of what the overall social and economic consequences of dismantling a nuclear power station are for the population and the site. Various disciplines and specialist fields are concerned with questions that touch on the topic of dismantling nuclear technical facilities; however, there are so far no research projects that examined these processes from social scientific, geographic and engineering scientific perspectives. This article concentrates predominantly on the former perspective of the dismantling. Within the framework of this project the affected population and experts from the communities were asked how they deal with the dismantling of the nuclear power stations, which were triggered by the rapid change in energy policy following the accident in Fukushima in 2011. It became clear that there were various strategies for dealing with this process depending on the location. This was the reason to follow up the question of coping with this process at different locations. It could be shown, for example, that the consequences of this event were essentially determined by how the community was already positioned beforehand, e.g. whether the economic situation was a monostructure or whether long-term considerations about the future had already been made during the operating time of the power station. At the individual level, the “prerequisites” in the sense of individual value orientation and the spatially related identity, were also essentially responsible for how the risks of the dismantling and the further development of the community were perceived and evaluated. Furthermore, it was compiled from where the people extracted their information, which sources had a high or low credibility, which worries they have with respect to the near future and whether they have the intention to leave the community. In this project it became clear that there were examples of best practice with respect to dealing with this rapid and fundamental change at the locations.

The usual discourse of sustainable development and its impact on students of economics: a case from Czech higher education context

PurposeIn recent decades, the concepts of sustainable development (SD) and sustainability have become a part of the everyday information flow. Is there real impact on students who have potential to become stakeholders and decision-makers? To be able to answer this question, the authors focussed on the following problems: whether the discourse of SD has any impact on students of economics concerning their knowledge of the environmental pillar of SD; and whether it has an impact on their individual value orientation towards the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP).Design/methodology/approachA group of 120 university students of economics programs from the Czech Republic was chosen for the quantitative research of this study. About a half of them have already encountered environmental education. The questionnaire included topics of environmental pillar of SD and revised NEP scale.FindingsUsing correlation analysis, the results show that the discourse of SD does have an impact on the students’ knowledge of the environmental pillar of sustainability and it also has an impact on their individual value orientation towards the NEP in general. The knowledge of the environmental pillar of SD is not significantly influenced by the study of a subject which included the topic of SD and its principles. Value orientation towards NEP is not significantly influenced by the study of a subject which, among other things, included the topic of SD and its principles.Research limitations/implicationsFindings should be accepted with the knowledge of the limited sample from one country, on the other hand, information flow – usual discourse of SD is global.Social implicationsThere is positive NEP orientation among the students of economics – young women and men have pro-environmental attitudes. This can be considered as great unused social potential in higher education.Originality/valueThis study deals with knowledge of SD, environmental education and value orientation. It is broader concept taking into account the real social environment in terms of usual SD discourse and individual value orientation, not only direct influence of education on knowledge. The study rejected direct impact of the environmental education on knowledge and value orientation in terms of SD discourse among the students of economics. The findings bring several important questions regarding the effective forms of environmental education.

Individual value orientation, social norms, and volunteering outcomes in later life

A growing body of scholarship examines the social and personal benefits of volunteering across the life course. However, less is known about how this experience of volunteering varies across different national contexts and how the impact of volunteering is shaped by micro- and macro-conditions. This article utilizes a cross-national multilevel regression analysis of European Values Survey data to explore the benefits of volunteering for two distinct sets of aging populations in the EU: those identified as “materialists” and “postmaterialists.” It finds that a positive association between volunteering and one key indicator of quality of life (“control over life”) generally exists for postmaterialists, while it is more positive in countries with stronger familial norms among materialists. Hence, the role of volunteering in later life is not as uniform as suggested by the active aging approach.

Management Innovation and Middle Managers: The Role of Empowering Leadership, Voice, and Collectivist Orientation

ABSTRACTExposing under which conditions management innovation diffuses within firms, this study investigates at the individual level the mediating influence of middle managers’ voice behavior on the relationship between CEOs’ empowering leadership behavior and perceived management innovation. We also propose that the magnitude of this relationship depends on middle managers’ collectivist orientation. This study exploits a unique Moroccan sample of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and utilizes structural equation modeling to analyze the studied relations. We found that the positive relationship between CEOs’ empowering leadership behavior and management innovation is mediated by middle managers’ voice. This effect is conditioned by middle managers’ collectivist orientations, which positively influence their attention to CEOs’ signals and the value and frequency of their contributions to management innovation. While research has identified the external and organizational factors that shape management innovation, our study concentrates on the individual level and accentuates that middle managers’ closeness to management processes, combined with their access to technical knowledge, renders them essential to management innovation. We contradict arguments that middle managers may be less inclined to help management innovation to emerge. SMEs can systematically invest in management innovation by advancing their managerial capabilities and considering individual value orientations.

Features of the value-oriented sphere of managers of enterprises with market and hierarchical organizational culture

Value orientations of a manager are a factor in the formation and development of organizational culture. In a modern economy, an organization whose culture includes the value of a marketing approach will be effective. Knowledge of the value orientations of managers who introduce market culture in organizations will allow organizational psychologists to solve the problem of optimizing culture. The article presents the results of an empirical study of differences in the level of expression of value orientations among managers who implement their professional activities in different organizational cultures. Emphasis is placed on the list of those structural features of the system of individual value orientations of managers that will allow predicting the development of market organizational culture.

The Motif of Losing Oneself in The Novel Generation “P ” by Victor Pelevin

In traditional Russian literature, the motif of losing oneself regularly serves as the motivation for spiritual transformation and search for salvation of the character, promoting the plot of a literary text and creating new types of characters. However, it is not difficult to notice the transformation in the utilization and implementation of this motif in the plot composition of postmodern texts based on the principle of uncertainty and randomness, which is opposed to the teleology of the classical narrative. The relevance of the topic is due to the insufficiency of research on such changes, especially in the postmodern works by Viktor Pelevin. Though there have been several observations on Pelevin’s textual structure, the role of motifs in organizing and constructing the plot remains outside the scope of researchers’ attention. This article aims to reveal the role and specifics of the motif “the loss of oneself” as a plot-forming component in the novel Generation “P” by V. O. Pelevin. Based on the contemporary motif theory, it particularly pays attention to the context of allomotifs and events associated with the motifeme of losing oneself, following A. Dundes, who understands the motifeme as the basic unit in the paradigmatics of the narrative, and allomotifs as its syntagmatic variants. Through analyzing various variations of allomotifs “the loss of oneself” (losing the feeling of eternity, symbolic death, metamorphosis, manipulation, etc.), the paper attempts to reveal constructive components of the narrative structure in this novel, which determined its artistic semantics. Arguing the tragic essence of the individual value orientation on consumerism in the context of the eschatological media mythology, it also finds out that Pelevin constructs the plot as Tatarsky’s rising up the career ladder, accompanied by the loss of personality, the replacement of Homo sapiens by Homo Zappiens. To achieve this purpose, he widely uses different schemes that implement the emic motifeme through various variations of allomotifs. That’s why, the success of the protagonist in the ending does not mean the spiritual salvation, but the totality of submission to the God of money and immersion in the void, where the way out of the new social and mental impasse is impossible not only for the protagonist but also for the novelist himself. Keywords: Victor Pelevin, Generation “P”， motifeme of losing oneself, set of allomotifs, mythopoetics

АНАЛИЗ ГЕНДЕРНЫХ РАЗЛИЧИЙ В ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯХ ОЖИДАЕМОЙ ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЖИЗНИ И РОЛЬ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫХ ЦЕННОСТНЫХ ОРИЕНТАЦИЙ (Analysis of Gender Differences in Life Expectations and the Role of Individual Value Orientations)

Russian Abstract:В данной работе представлены результаты исследования связей между гендерным разрывом в ОПЖ, с одной стороны, и различиями в ценностных установках на здоровый образ жизни между мужчинами и женщинами, с другой. English Abstract:This paper presents the results of a study of the links between the gender gap in life expectancy, on the one hand, and differences in value attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle between men and women, on the other.