Individual Stakeholders Research Articles

Who do you think you are? Individual stakeholder identification and mobility at the Internet Governance Forum

In order for the Internet Governance ecosystem to work effectively, it requires a variety of expertise and advice from different sectors and backgrounds. Drawing on the public Internet Governance Forum (IGF) participation lists from 2006 to 2019, this paper analyses how individual participants chose to identify themselves in the given frameworks applied across the IGFs, and how they ‘travel’ through the Internet Governance ecosystem over successive fora. Identifying 18,968 unique IGF participants from 2006 to 2019, representing 7326 unique organisations, this paper thus provides an unprecedented level of detail as to who is present in multistakeholder discussions. It sets the scene for a more reflective discussion on the inclusivity and effectiveness of the multistakeholder model pursued at the IGF and engages with literature in the field of stakeholder mobility and stakeholder interests, opening up potential for further research on the legitimacy of multistakeholderism.

Applying systems leadership and participatory action research in developing a water contamination management tool.

This research used systems leadership to explore stakeholder engagement regarding requirements, incentives and barriers to adopting a faecal source tracking method to identify contamination sources in surface waters. The research comprised two branches, one quantitative, conducted in a food and water laboratory; the other qualitative, conducted within stakeholder organisations and meeting premises. Ten stakeholder representatives participated in semi-structured interviews and ten in a focus group. Seven individuals participated in both activities while three who were interviewed were replaced by alternate representatives for the focus group. A multimethod participatory action research project was completed, with a quantitative trial of a microbial source tracking method conducted concurrently with two iterations of qualitative research into the needs of the stakeholder system through semi-structured interviews and a focus group. Thematic analysis of stakeholder interviews yielded key incentive and barrier themes, while the laboratory trial created a comparison library and tested the efficacy of the laboratory method. The focus group further explored key themes and identified requirements for collaborative effort across the system, and the need to address misinterpretation of statistical associations. Systems leadership was effective in exploring stakeholder interest in the proposed faecal source tracking method. Two iterations of qualitative research helped to identify the needs of individual stakeholders, and then develop collective strategies for addressing the critical incentives and barriers.

Problematising stakeholder engagement: Insights from multi-stakeholder network

This paper problematizes the overall positivity of stakeholder engagement literature and analyses its grey area. We discuss the bright and the dark side of stakeholder engagement and identify the grey area in between these two sides. Based on a qualitative content analysis of 26 interviews collected from circular economy stakeholders in Finland, we identify three sources of the grey area of stakeholder engagement: the individual stakeholder, stakeholder relationships and the institutional context. According to our analysis, the grey area consists of challenges caused by individual resistance and individual inability, collaboration challenges, complexity caused by the diversity of perspectives, unpredictability caused by the political and legislative context and insecurity caused by environmental unpredictability. We argue that particularly in the context of a multi-stakeholder network, the grey area is a natural and unavoidable part of stakeholder engagement and thus, should also be explicitly recognized and discussed in the literature.

Identifying requisite learning health system competencies: a scoping review

ObjectivesLearning health systems (LHS) integrate knowledge and practice through cycles of continuous quality improvement and learning to increase healthcare quality. LHS have been conceptualised through multiple frameworks and models. Our...

Stakeholder Heterogeneity and Corporate Purpose

The goal of this symposium is to draw attention to the critical importance of stakeholder heterogeneity for corporate purpose research. The proposed papers explore the influence of the different motives and interests of individual stakeholder groups on these stakeholders’ perception of corporate purpose and sustainability efforts and how these effects result in varying levels of resource provision for the company by these stakeholders. The symposium therefore highlights how examining stakeholder-level heterogeneity can enrich our understanding of how the management of corporate purpose contributes to the achievement of individual and organizational goals. Purpose-Driven Companies and Sustainability Presenter: Claudine Madras Gartenberg; The Wharton School, U. of Pennsylvania When One Isn't Enough: Organization-level and Product-level Sustainability in New Ventures Presenter: Vanessa Burbano; Columbia Business School Presenter: Natalie Carlson; The Wharton School, U. of Pennsylvania Presenter: James Ostler; The Wharton School, U. of Pennsylvania Can “Radical Transparency” Improve the Credibility of Corporate Sustainability Efforts? Presenter: Anna Szerb; INSEAD Presenter: Matthew Lee; Harvard Kennedy School Employee Misconduct at Startup Firms: Evidence from a Field Experiment and Archival Data Presenter: Aleksandra Joanna Kacperczyk; London Business School Presenter: Santiago Campero Molina; U. of Toronto Presenter: Keun Woo Jeong; London Business School

Mining Industry 4.0 – Opportunities and Barriers

Safety, development, and efficiency are the main slogans that guide modern mines. At the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution, they are familiar with innovations and modern technologies that allow them to create innovative solutions and build an environmentally friendly mining sector. The aim of the paper was to assess the feasibility of implementing the assumptions of the industrial revolution 4.0 in the mining industry. Based on the author's own research and literature research, a set of scenarios for the transformation process was developed. After the verification, three alternative scenarios related to the transformation process 4.0 in mines were used for the research. The transformation scenarios were assessed from the perspective of individual stakeholder groups. The NAIADE (Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments), which so far has not been used in the mining industry to assess development scenarios, the method was used to assess the transformation scenarios. The research identified and characterized nine groups of stakeholders. Based on the conducted structured interviews, a set of technical criteria for the assessment of scenarios was defined. The analysis results from the impact matrix and social impact matrix developed for the first time for the mining industry transformation scenarios. Based on the analysis of the impacts of individual factors, it was shown which scenario is the most acceptable for stakeholders and the best from a technical point of view. The research focuses on the deficit of digital competencies and the generational change, as well as the change in the competency requirements of the new type of worker-miner-operator 4.0.

Comparing conservation and animal welfare professionals' perspectives on domestic cat management

Debates about managing roaming and hunting behaviours in domestic cats often appear to fracture along lines of biodiversity conservation and animal welfare. In practice, however, there may be no inherent opposition between these interests. We carried out a series of Q methodological studies with people in the UK who were professionally engaged either with wildlife conservation or with animal welfare, and who had key individual stakeholder roles as cat owners. Participants arranged a set of statements according to their perspectives on roaming and hunting behaviours and on cat husbandry practices. Analysing the two professional groups together, we found three distinct perspectives: ‘Conservationist’, concerned about cat impacts on wildlife populations; ‘Welfarist’, focused on ensuring cat safety and wellbeing, and ‘Liberationist’, prioritising cat behavioural freedom. Analysing responses within the professional groups, however, we found that cat owners from both conservation and welfare organisations held perspectives that had much in common, and either (a) supported active management of roaming and hunting behaviour, (b) tolerated hunting behaviour as either desirable or unavoidable, or (c) were conflicted, supporting outdoor access for cats but expressing concern about hunting behaviour and cat safety. While their priorities may differ, cat owners working as conservation professionals were cognisant of cat welfare considerations, and animal welfare professionals were often also concerned about wildlife, particularly wild animal welfare. We also identified important areas of agreement on night-time confinement and regulation of cat breeding. This research highlights valuable opportunities for constructive dialogue and greater collaborative working among conservation and animal welfare organisations.

Mining Heritage and Mining Landscape Krušnohoří/Erzgebirge as a Part of the UNESCO Heritage

The article deals with the perception and methods of management of the mining heritage and mining the landscapes from the perspective of individual stakeholders, entities and interest groups. The first part deals with the conceptualization of heritage in general, discussing various ways of defining and looking at heritage; later, the general discussion focuses on a specific group of heritage, which is the mining heritage. The following is an introduction to the area of interest of the Jáchymov region (part of the Ore Mountains, i.e., an area characterized by a long mining history and a number of mining monuments). It is important, mainly, because it is part of the world heritage; the Mining Cultural Landscape of the Krušnohoří/Erzgebirge was added to the UNESCO list in 2019. The second part of the article is devoted to field research in the Jáchymov region. The aim of the research was to find out how the mining heritage in the Jáchymov region is treated, and how and for what purposes it is used. Representatives of the public, private and non-profit sectors from the local, regional and national levels were involved in the research. Research is a comprehensive view of the process of heritage formation and management.

Concurrent 7. Presentation for: Coexistence 2.0 – maturing the coexistence model in Queensland

Presented on Tuesday 17 May: Session 7 For the gas industry to continue to thrive in a changing world, the evolution of coexistence will need to consider the multi-faceted aspects of community expectations such as the environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors, community expectations of a decarbonised energy future, technological advancements and changing government regulations. This paper does not define coexistence, rather it examines how the concept of coexistence in Queensland is a process of evolution as the gas industry in Queensland has matured from the perspective of the GasFields Commission Queensland (the Commission). The Commission was officially established in 2013 to ‘manage and improve the sustainable coexistence of landholders, regional communities and the onshore gas industry in Queensland’. There is no single means to obtain a good practice of coexistence. It requires a tailored approach dependant on the individual stakeholder, and will require the use of multiple tools, consistent engagement, transparent communication and a fit-for-purpose regulatory framework. Importantly, coexistence is a concept that requires a shared responsibility and is an enduring relationship. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here

Who holds a shared responsibility view of minimizing gambling harm? Results from a multiwave survey of casino gamblers.

Objective: Academics, gambling regulators, and the gambling industry increasingly espouse a shared responsibility view of preventing gambling harm, considering individual gamblers and external stakeholders (e.g., gambling industry employees, government regulators, and public health workers) to be jointly responsible for this task. This study is the third in a series exploring gamblers' beliefs about responsibility for preventing gambling harm. Method: A sample of 4,336 subscribers to MGM Resorts International (MGM)'s loyalty card program as of January 2020 completed a web-based survey. Results: We observed that 58.1% of participants only held individual gamblers responsible for helping prevent gambling harm. However, two factors increased the likelihood of holding a shared responsibility viewpoint and assigning responsibility to casinos for reducing gambling harm: (a) scoring positive on the Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen (BBGS) or an Expanded Problem Gambling Screen (EPGS) and (b) being aware of GameSense, an onsite responsible gambling education program. Those who screened positive on the BBGS or EPGS also were more likely than their counterparts to deny personal responsibility for minimizing gambling harm to individual gamblers; that is, they were more likely to hold a purely external responsibility viewpoint. A meta-analytic year-over-year comparison revealed that compared to being aware of GameSense, screening positive for problem gambling was more strongly associated with assigning responsibility to casinos for minimizing gambling harm. Conclusions: We discuss these findings in the context of self-determination theory and suggest implications for health promotion and best practices for message design in responsible gambling programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Scorecard diagnostic tool for the enabling regulatory environment of faecal sludge management

Abstract Expeditious situational analysis of the enabling regulatory environment (ERE) of faecal sludge management (FSM) is vital for strengthening sanitation systems. However, existing diagnostic tools employ broad indicators, neglecting the detailed assessment of the policy, legal and institutional frameworks for each step along the FSM chain. This paper presents a web-based integrated diagnostic tool for evaluating the quality and adequacy of policy in guiding equity, targeting of resources, quality of service, financial considerations and institutional roles and responsibilities. The tool evaluates the legal framework based on laws, standards and regulations emphasizing on means of enforcement. It evaluates the institutional framework based on investors, service providers, regulators and consumers as guided by the literature. Each indicator is assigned a score of 1: green (effective), 0.5: yellow (limited) and 0: red (poor) for the user interface, containment, emptying, transport, treatment, disposal and reuse of faecal sludge. Built on Laravel Framework Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), the tool links the scores into a single index averaged into terciles as 0–0.33 (poor), 0.34–0.66 (limited) and 0.67–1 (effective). This helps to identify areas of priority in a given context. The tool successfully facilitated a participatory pilot study in Kenya based on individual stakeholders' opinion. However, the tool does not provide the specific details leading to a given score. Therefore, its application should precede a detailed evaluation of each indicator in order to generate specific details per indicator per step of FSM.

Structure and content of the EU-IVDR : Current status and implications for pathology

HintergrundDie Verordnung (EU) 2017/746 über In-vitro-Diagnostika (IVDR) wurde vom Europäischen Parlament und dem Rat der Europäischen Union am 5. April 2017 erlassen und ist am 26. Mai 2017 in Kraft getreten. Eine neue Änderungsverordnung, die eine schrittweise Einführung der IVDR mit neuen Übergangsbestimmungen für bestimmte In-vitro-Diagnostika (IVD) und einen späteren Geltungsbeginn mancher Anforderungen für hausinterne Produkte für Gesundheitseinrichtungen regelt, wurde am 15. Dezember 2021 beschlossen.Die kombinierte Verwendung von CE-IVDs, hausinternen IVDs und Research-use-only(RUO)-Produkten führt in Pathologien zu einem validen Befund, der für die optimale Patientenversorgung notwendig ist. Die IVDR regelt nun nicht nur die Herstellung und das Inverkehrbringen von industriell hergestellten IVDs, sondern stellt auch Bedingungen für die Herstellung und Verwendung von Inhouse-IVDs (IH-IVDs) für den internen Gebrauch von Gesundheitseinrichtungen.Ziel der ArbeitDieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Hintergründe und Rahmenbedingungen der IVDR und zeigt Kernbereiche auf, die der inhaltlichen Ausgestaltung unter Berücksichtigung inhaltlicher und rechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen bedürfen.SchlussfolgerungenDie Leerstellen und Unbestimmtheiten innerhalb der IVDR erfordern zwingend die Expertise der Fachgesellschaften, akademischen Verbünde und Fachexperten, um eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung der IVDR in den Instituten und Einrichtungen für Pathologie zu erreichen und Fehlentwicklungen zu vermeiden.

Extending the theory of planned behaviour with application to renewable energy investment: the moderating effect of tax incentives

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to deploy and expand the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model with application to renewable energy investment by incorporating the component of tax incentives (TIN). This will serve as an additional measure in understanding the conventional energy stakeholders’ investment intention into renewable energy in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachData was collected from 357 individual key conventional energy stakeholders in Nigeria using survey questionnaires. The research model was tested using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results from the study revealed the applicability of the TPB in predicting the conventional energy stakeholders’ investment intention into renewable energy. The result indicates that attitude and subjective norm are significantly associated with investment intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe outcome implies that the integration of tax incentives can improve the predictive power of the model as the introduced variable demonstrates a significant impact on the conventional energy stakeholders’ investment intention into renewable energy.Practical implicationsThis study extends on the well-established TPB model by integrating tax incentives in understanding investment intentions and the outcome implies a significant association of tax incentives with investment intention and moderated the influence of attitude and subjective norm over the conventional energy stakeholders’ investment intention.Originality/valueTPB has been widely deployed and even extended to predict intention in numerous fields of study. Available literature presents the lack of such empirical research that focuses on investment in Nigeria and specifically regarding energy investment. The outcome highlighted the significant influence of tax incentives, thus the need for policymakers to suggest and implement various tax incentives to attract private investment into renewable energy for electricity generation that will consequently assist in achieving SDG-7 and mitigate climate change.

Stakeholder identification and prioritization: The attribute of dependency

Stakeholder identification literature states that stakeholders with power, legitimacy and urgency over an organization should be prioritized. But, how can stakeholders be identified and prioritized when they lack awareness of organizational strategies? Unawareness, evident in internal issues, results in some stakeholders not having urgent claims and thus not considered priority stakeholders. To fill this gap, we draw on Resource-Dependency theory to introduce the operational attribute of resource-dependency. Our theorization is explored in the context of business succession in family businesses (FB). We examined and compared owners' views, against other stakeholder groups deemed, by them, important for the success of their organization. We used a multiple-case study design to study six Australian food manufacturing FBs. We found that stakeholder identification and prioritization accuracy improve when driven by the nature of the managerial issue (i.e., succession over market expansion) and the analysis of the organization’s levels of dependency on key individual stakeholders.

Coexistence 2.0 – maturing the coexistence model in Queensland

For the gas industry to continue to thrive in a changing world, the evolution of coexistence will need to consider the multi-faceted aspects of community expectations such as the environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors, community expectations of a decarbonised energy future, technological advancements and changing government regulations. This paper does not define coexistence, rather it examines how the concept of coexistence in Queensland is a process of evolution as the gas industry in Queensland has matured from the perspective of the GasFields Commission Queensland (the Commission). The Commission was officially established in 2013 to ‘manage and improve the sustainable coexistence of landholders, regional communities and the onshore gas industry in Queensland’. There is no single means to obtain a good practice of coexistence. It requires a tailored approach dependant on the individual stakeholder, and will require the use of multiple tools, consistent engagement, transparent communication and a fit-for-purpose regulatory framework. Importantly, coexistence is a concept that requires a shared responsibility and is an enduring relationship.

User participation among people in vulnerable situations at service level. A scoping review exploring impact for individual stakeholders and services

User participation among people in vulnerable situations at service level. A scoping review exploring impact for individual stakeholders and services

Operationalizing Programmatic Assessment: The CBME Programmatic Assessment Practice Guidelines.

Assessing the development and achievement of competence requires multiple formative and summative assessment strategies and the coordinated efforts of trainees and faculty (who often serve in multiple roles, such as academic advisors, program directors, and competency committee members). Operationalizing programmatic assessment (PA) in competency-based medical education (CBME) requires comprehensive practice guidelines, written in accessible language with descriptions of stakeholder activities, to move assessment theory into practice and to help guide the trainees and faculty who enact PA. Informed by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) framework, the authors used a multiphase, multimethod approach to develop the CBME Programmatic Assessment Practice Guidelines (PA Guidelines). The 9 guidelines are organized by phases of assessment and include descriptions of stakeholder activities. A user guide provides a glossary of key terms and summarizes how the guidelines can be used by different stakeholder groups across postgraduate medical education (PGME) contexts. The 4 phases of guideline development, including internal stakeholder consultations and external expert review, occurred between August 2016 and March 2020. Local stakeholders and external experts agreed that the PA Guidelines hold potential for guiding initial operationalization and ongoing refinement of PA in CBME by individual stakeholders, residency programs, and PGME institutions. Since July 2020, the PA Guidelines have been used at Queen's University to inform faculty and resident development initiatives, including online CBME modules for faculty, workshops for academic advisors/competence committee members, and a guide that supports incoming residents' transition to CBME. Research exploring the use of the PA Guidelines and user guide in multiple programs and institutions will gather further evidence of their acceptability and utility for guiding operationalization of PA in different contexts.

Value-based evidence across health care sectors: a push for transparent real-world studies, data, and evidence dissemination.

There is currently a heightened need for transparency in pharmaceutical sectors. The inclusion of real-world (RW) evidence, in addition to clinical trial evidence, in decision-making processes, was an important step forward toward a more inclusive established value proposition. This advance has introduced new transparency challenges. Increasing transparency is a critical step toward accelerating improvement in type, quality, and access to data, regardless of whether these originate from clinical trials or from RW studies. However, so far, advances in transparency have been relatively restricted to clinical trials, and there remains a lack of similar expectations or standards of transparency concerning the generation and reporting of RW data. This perspective paper aims to highlight the need for transparency concerning RW studies, data, and evidence across health care sectors, to identify areas for improvement, and provide concrete recommendations and practices for the future. Specific issues are discussed from different stakeholder perspectives, culminating in recommended actions, from individual stakeholder perspectives, for improved RW study, data, and evidence transparency. Furthermore, a list of potential guidelines for consideration by stakeholders is proposed. While recommendations from different stakeholder perspectives are made, true transparency in the processes involved in the generation, reporting, and use of RW evidence will require a concerted effort from all stakeholders across health care sectors.

The Work of Infrastructural Bricoleurs in Building Civic Data Dashboards

The Historic Westside Universities Alliance Data Dashboard was created to meet the data equity needs of a group of resource-constrained communities in the Westside neighborhoods of Atlanta. We observed the development of this dashboard by participating as ethnographers and developers of its public safety module. Our ethnography and subsequent situational analysis of the dashboard's infrastructuring process led us to the work that individual stakeholders do in bringing such a dashboard to fruition. These stakeholders, whom we call infrastructural bricoleurs, operate through principles of situated knowledge, partial perspectives, limited power, and located accountability. Our analysis, which builds on concepts of infrastructures, bricolage, and feminist principles of technology design, helps us add further specificity to the work that infrastructural bricoleurs need to do when building civic data dashboards with resource constrained communities. Our findings benefit other researchers studying data infrastructures as well as administrators and practitioners within programs like DSSG (Data Science for Social Good) who are interested in building data infrastructures under similar constraints.

Validating Public Governance Quality Measurement Scale with Application to Domestic Private Investment in Renewable Energy for Electricity Generation

Measurement scale plays an important role in academic research without which an instrument could not be developed. The goal of this study is to validate the measurement scale of public governance quality (PGQ) with application to renewable energy investment by means of comprehensive scale validation procedures. Data was collected from 357 individual key conventional energy stakeholders in Nigeria using survey questionnaires. Confirmatory Analysis (CFA) using SPSS version 25 and PLS-SEM version 3.8 was used to determine the reliability and validity of the measures of PGQ. The results from the study offer proof that the measurement scale of the PGQ has fulfilled the standards for reliability and validity. Practically, the validated scale introduced acts as a measurement for PGQ in the area of renewable energy domestic private investment. Also, the validated scale may be used to determine investors' view regarding PGQ in a country or entity as to whether the level of governance is below average, average or high which consequently influence renewable energy investment. Still, it may be used to determine the effect of PGQ on investment intentions and/or behaviours when engaging with domestic investors. In due course, the measurement scale will allow policy makers across the globe to adapt energy investment decisions that will draw domestic private investment particularly in renewable energy based on researches conducted using the scale.