Individual Qualifications Research Articles

Ethical AI in HR: A Case Study of Tech Hiring

ABSTRACT The job applicant hiring process is inherently complex, encompassing various dimensions such as cultural fit, team dynamics, and individual qualifications. This paper explores the potential of machine learning techniques as analytical tools to examine the nuances of the hiring process rather than automating it. In this study, we use machine learning models to evaluate whether gender or age bias exists in hiring decisions by examining an extensive IT industry dataset comprising over 70,000 applicants. We provide practical guidelines for data preparation, bias evaluation, and assessment of AI-driven hiring outcomes, focusing on the influence of key factors on hiring probability. Our findings reveal that female applicants tend to receive lower hiring probabilities than male applicants, suggesting a gender-related bias. Additionally, we identify that proficiency in “Computer Skills,” the number of programming languages known, and familiarity with the language “TypeScript”—introduced in 2012—are among the top skills influencing hiring decisions. This study offers HR practitioners actionable insights into the AI decision-making process, highlighting how skills valued by AI models may differ from those prioritized in traditional recruitment. Through our empirical study, we demonstrate how multiple machine learning methods can be used for bias detection and the validation of critical decision factors in hiring decisions, equipping HR professionals with tools to enhance understanding and fairness in AI-driven hiring.

Mothers, parliamentarians, leaders: career factors influencing women's representation in the European Parliament – a case study of German parliamentarians

ABSTRACT The European Parliament (EP), often seen as relatively women-friendly, still struggles with underrepresentation of women in leadership roles, such as committee chairs This article scrutinizes individual career factors leading German Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) to Strasbourg and into leadership positions within the EP. It focuses on examining disparities between men and women and compares women with, and without, leadership experience in the various parliamentary offices. The study explores how individual qualifications, such as political experience and education, alongside personal factors like marital status and parental responsibilities, correlate with women's leadership roles in the EP. Using a dataset of all German MEPs from 1999 to 2019, the analysis finds higher representation of women in leadership roles than their overall presence in the EP, though disparities exist across office types and political affiliations. The findings reveal two main challenges for German women in the EP: a motherhood penalty and barriers to leadership. On average, women MEPs have fewer children than their male counterparts, and those in leadership are more likely to be unmarried. The data also highlight occupational gender segregation and comparable political experience between men and women.

Physical capacity and performance correlation in sub-elite Indonesian archery athletes

The aim of this research is to analyse the physical components that can support the proper archery performance of young Indonesian athletes. This research employed a quantitative descriptive design involving 18 athletes from the East Java and West Java Archery Training Centre as the research subjects. Each athlete carried out a physical test consisting of 9 physical test items (1' incline sit up, Bosy Right, Bosy Left, MFT, Hover, Superman Back Hold, Pinch Grip, standing balance test, standing archery hold), which the trainer has prepared according to the needs of archery. After that, archery performance assessment was done using the recurve division's individual qualification system, i.e., arrow athletes performed 72 arrow shots. The data were then analysed using descriptive tests, silhouette method tests, and K-means clustering analysis to classify physical components and simplify the data collection process. These processes increased the accuracy of changes needed in the training process to improve athlete performance. A correlation test was also conducted using a Spearman's rho with a significance p<0.05. The study's results revealed that the silhouette method divided the variables into six clusters. The K-means cluster analysis results showed that exercises focused more on the arms, while trunk and lower extremity exercises received less attention. The research also found two physical aspects that had a positive and significant correlation with archery performance, namely, left pinch grip and right pinch grip. In addition, this research showed that the archers’ physical aspects of pinch grip strength (left and right) were closely related to performance achievements or scores in archery. Keywords: Physical capacity, sub-elite athletes, archery, archery performance.

Age Bias & Female Leadership: Faulty Cheat Codes

This paper explores the intersection of age bias and gender bias in relation to female leadership. “Cheat codes” is a term originally applied to computer and video games to describe a code that, when used, allows the player to access features, level skips, or capabilities not otherwise available (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). As a metaphor, the term is meant to suggest a shortcut in decision-making toward a desired conclusion or outcome. In the context of this article, “faulty cheat codes” refer to society’s use of misinformed and unfair stereotypes as specious shortcuts to judge the abilities or qualifications of individuals based on their age, leading to incorrect conclusions or inappropriate actions. This piece highlights the detrimental effects of age bias on prominent female politicians, including Former Speaker Nancy Pelosi, and emphasizes the need for authentic conversations about cognitive abilities. The paper challenges the use of age as a flawed measure of competence and advocates for retiring negative stereotypes about aging. It also discusses the delayed entry of women into political office and the compounding effects of age and gender biases. By promoting positive narratives about aging and addressing ageism in our political discourse, society can create a more fair and inclusive political landscape that values the capabilities of individuals of all ages. The paper concludes by urging a shift in focus toward substantive political discussions and away from shallow indicators of competence based on age.

Conflicts of Interest in Nutrition: Categorical Thinking and the Stigma of Commercial Collaboration

There is a high level of concern about the possible influence of commercial organizations on food-related research and professional bodies, including regulatory and advisory panels. This has contributed to an increased emphasis on the declaration and management of conflicts of interest (CoI) in the reporting, evaluation, and application of research in nutrition science. However, common perceptions of CoI in nutrition, and procedures for declaring and managing these, often lack intellectual rigor and consistency. This commentary highlights 3 main issues related to CoI in nutrition, particularly the emphasis on industry-related CoI relative to other sources of conflict and bias. 1) Considerations of CoI in nutrition are largely limited to financial or collaborative links to the food industry, disregarding other important sources of influence such as intellectual allegiances or nonindustry financial and professional incentives. 2) Associations with industry incur ad hominem, often punitive stigmatization of individuals and their research, and inappropriate downgrading or exclusion of evidence. This disproportionately affects expertise in the food and agricultural sciences, in which commercial collaborations are widely encouraged. 3) These practices and related approaches to managing CoI are applied without due consideration of the nature of the conflicts and activities involved, the qualifications of individuals, or the availability of other, objective methods and guidance for assessing research quality and risks of bias. Overall, recognition of the nature and range of CoI in nutrition and approaches to their identification and management lack consistency and balance. A singular and strict focus specifically on industry-related CoI may paradoxically exacerbate rather than mitigate imbalance and bias in the field. This commentary outlines the underlying issues and the need for more comprehensive and nuanced approaches to the assessment, reporting, and management of CoI in nutrition.

IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN UNTUK MENGATASI KESENJANGAN UPAH GENDER DI LINGKUNGAN KERJA MANUFAKTUR

Confirming the gender pay gap among Indonesian manufacturing workers is the aim of this research. By using a data collection approach based on reviews, reading sources, and analysis of various references, including books, national journals, international journals, and related articles, the research method used is descriptive qualitative. Despite laws prohibiting gender discrimination in the workplace, research findings show that women are still often paid less than men. The implication of this research is that greater efforts are needed to reduce the gender wage gap in the manufacturing sector. Companies need to improve provisions governing protection, wages and welfare as part of their management, as well as ensure that promotion processes and project assignments are based on individual qualifications, performance and potential, not gender preferences or bias, to achieve better gender equality in manufacturing work environment.

(109) PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION OF CONTENT CREATORS IN PENILE AESTHETIC PROCEDURES ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS IN BRAZIL

Abstract Introduction Social networks have become a source of information on various topics, including genital aesthetics. But these data are not always reliable, as the authors are not necessarily trained in these procedures. Objective This study aims to assess the professional qualifications of individuals disseminating penile aesthetic techniques on popular social media platforms in Brazil, analyzing the credibility of the information shared in relation to the professional status of the content creators. Methods A comprehensive internet search was conducted across YouTube, Facebook, and TikTok using keywords such as “male genital aesthetics,” “penile thickening,” “penile enlargement,” “penile bioplasty,” and “penile harmonization.” The first 30 results for each keyword on each platform were analyzed to classify the content creators into medically qualified professionals (doctors) and non-medical professionals, further subdividing the latter based on their disclosed qualifications. Results TikTok displayed the highest number of views at 3121889 but had the lowest proportion of medical professionals (30%) sharing content on penile aesthetics. YouTube had 830 873 views with a higher presence of medical professionals (27 doctors versus 3 non-doctors). Facebook, while having the least views (24000), maintained a high ratio of medical professionals (28 doctors versus 2 non-doctors). Conclusions The findings indicate a significant public interest in penile aesthetic procedures in Brazil, with social media being a primary source of information. While a majority of the content is produced by medical professionals, the platform with the highest engagement, TikTok, shows a concerning trend with only 30% of the content creators being medically qualified. This disparity highlights the need for enhanced regulation and public education to ensure the credibility and safety of information regarding penile aesthetic procedures. Disclosure No.

Overview of the production and qualification tests of the lpGBT

The Low-Power Gigabit Transceiver (lpGBT) is a radiation-tolerant ASIC used in high-energy physics experiments for multipurpose high-speed bidirectional serial links. Around 200,000 chips have been tested with a production test system capable of exercising the majority of the ASIC functionality to ensure its correct operation.Furthermore, specific individual qualification tests were carried out beyond the production tester limits, including radiation, multi-drop bus topology, inter-chip communication through different types of electrical links and characterization of jitter and stability of the recovered clocks.In this article, an overview of the production and qualification tests is given together with their results demonstrating the robustness and flexibility of the lpGBT.

Empowering Women: Navigating Employability and Experiences in selected Banks in Lagos, Nigeria By IJISRT

The study investigated the employability and experiences of women in selected banks located in Lagos, Nigeria. The study was exploratory and cross-sectional in nature and employed Becker's Theory of Discrimination and Liberal Feminism Theory as a framework. The data generated through In-depth and Key Informant interviews were used to establish that women have equal opportunities in the banking industry. The study found that employability in the workplace is not determined by patriarchy. Employment criteria are based on individual qualifications, which are always spelt-out in the course of the job advertisement, recruitment, and selection process. The study gathered that gender discrimination does not play a role in the employment process, and all applicants, regardless of gender, must possess the requisite skills to be considered for positions in the company. The study equally found that women are not marginalized in the workplace, and they have equal opportunities to ascend managerial cadres and make decisions. Women have what it takes to get their jobs done, and in situations where bias, discrimination, and dominance are present, women experience it more from customers rather than their male counterparts in the selected banks. The study concluded that there is no difference in employability between men and women in the selected banks. The recruiters use cognitive skills as part of the recruiting process, and it is not based on gender. Recruitment is based on the aptitude capacity of employees in the sector, and numeracy skills are likewise tested during the recruitment process. Gender discrimination should not be condoned in the banking industry, and women should be given the same opportunities as men.

‘Dancing the fine line’: developing critical agency with transgressive social pedagogy?

We explore bell hooks’s perspectives on transgressive learning and discuss the potential for a social pedagogical practice by changing its scope and material context through the concept of the common third. We apply hooks’s points on student–educator mutuality and the necessity of dynamically repositioning educator–student relationships. We explore how research findings from different educational contexts can relate to the tension between an individual qualification on society’s terms and the development of critical agency. We begin with recent research on youth experiences of transitioning through the Danish lower to upper secondary school system, and unfold analytical findings from the research on pedagogical practices in a youth empowerment programme situated within the American food justice movement. Similarities and differences between the radically different contexts are put into perspective by applying hooks’s understanding of transgressive learning, as well as scholarly discussions of pitfalls in the performance of emancipatory education as dialogic and classroom-based. Transgressive potentials depend on the dynamic organisation of a pedagogical framework around a common third with material, embodied and social dimensions. We suggest a conceptualisation of a transgressive social pedagogy that gradually develops critical agency. The common-third activity enables a kind of mutuality that transforms educators’ power positions and opens new ways for youths to develop their agency. We wish to contribute to a rethinking of the common third as a social pedagogical core concept of relevance for Denmark’s education system.

Verification and Processing of Academic Certificates Using Web Services

A web service is a set of code of a server application that performs a specific task or service whenever it is invoked through a Remote Procedure Call (RPC) by a client application that is connected to the server over the Internet. Web services are one of the digital strategies that can be used by the government for curtailing academic certificate scandals being perpetrated by fraudulent individuals in various sectors of the economy. The traditional method of checking academic records and certificates manually is inefficient and prone to forgery by unscrupulous elements. Similarly, the e-transcript system being adopted by some organizations to authenticate the academic qualifications of individuals for possible admission or employment still involves a manual process. The objective of this work therefore is to show how web services for certificate verification of all tiers of the educational system in Nigeria can be maintained by one central body which is the Federal Ministry of Education in Nigeria to enable various end-users (such as educational institutions, commercial organizations, etc) use the web services to authenticate and process the academic records of individuals effortlessly. A simulated data of 20 SSCE results of students who completed their secondary school education at various institutions was used to illustrate the application of a web service. The web service program was written in Java. A client application which was also written in Java was used to query the web service through RPC to authenticate and process the certificate claims of a sample of five students for admission into a tertiary institution. Results showed that the web service excellently ascertained the eligible candidates for admission and those that were not. The web service technology is therefore highly recommended for use by the federal ministry of education in Nigeria to eradicate the academic certificate scandals amongst the citizenry.

Group control for procedural rules: parameterized complexity and consecutive domains

We consider GROUP CONTROL BY ADDING INDIVIDUALS (GCAI) in the setting of group identification for two procedural rules—the consensus-start-respecting rule and the liberal-start-respecting rule. It is known that GCAI for both rules are NP-hard, but whether they are fixed-parameter tractable with respect to the number of distinguished individuals remained open. We resolve both open problems in the affirmative. In addition, we strengthen the NP-hardness of GCAI by showing that, with respect to the natural parameter the number of added individuals, GCAI for both rules are W[2]-hard. Notably, the W[2]-hardness for the liberal-start-respecting rule holds even when restricted to a very special case where the qualifications of individuals satisfy the so-called consecutive ones property. However, for the consensus-start-respecting rule, the problem becomes polynomial-time solvable in this special case. We also study a dual restriction where the disqualifications of individuals fulfill the consecutive ones property, and show that under this restriction GCAI for both rules turn out to be polynomial-time solvable. Our reductions for showing W[2]-hardness also imply several algorithmic lower bounds.

Research on the Application of Knowledge Mapping Technology in Vocational Skills Training Demand Forecasting and Curriculum Designing

Abstract Due to the differences in individual qualifications, training duration, etc., the current vocational skills training is less efficient and cannot rationally arrange the training process and course content design etc. In this paper, we have constructed a model for predicting vocational skills training demand using knowledge mapping and knowledge tracking technology. First, a matrix is constructed to obtain the implicit relationship between knowledge. Reduce the influence weights with time intervals according to the theory of the forgetting curve. Modify the alignment scores of the attention mechanism to pay more attention to the relevant knowledge interactions in the sequence determined by the relationship coefficient g. Comparative analysis of the model and practical application reveals that the model in this paper has a better classification effect and better reflects the deeper recursive relationship and structure between knowledge points. When the professional teacher recommends the knowledge point C, the SVD model predicts the training demand of the trainees only 72.33%, while the model of this paper predicts 94.17% accuracy, which is highly compatible with the judgment of the professional teacher and more accurately identifies the training demand of the majority of trainees for the knowledge point C. The model provides a more scientific and reasonable curriculum and also provides a better classification of knowledge points. The model provides a more scientific and reasonable course design idea. Under the gradual course arrangement, the mastery of the knowledge points of the 20 trainees all shows a steady improvement trend. From the highest score of no more than 17 points in the first week to the 16th week at the end of the semester, all the trainees scored more than 70 points, which maximized the training efficiency. This study develops a reasonable course design based on the relationship between knowledge points, which can ensure gradual and interrelated progress and improve training efficiency and quality.

Relationship Between Collaborative Activities and Military Criminal Offenses

The article is devoted to setting up and solving the problem of the ratio of the composition of military criminal offenses and the composition of collaborative activities in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine against the background of military aggression by the Russian Federation. The relevance of the issues of this scientific article is that after the seizure of Crimea and parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the legislator repeatedly made changes to the current Criminal Code of Ukraine, which led to various points of view of scientists and law enforcement agencies (the police, the State Bureau of Investigation, the Security Service of Ukraine, prosecutor's office, court, etc.) to qualify the actions of citizens of Ukraine who remained in the temporarily occupied territories, while in some cases they intentionally committed actions (inaction) to the detriment of interests. The purpose of this article is to analyze the problematic aspects of the correlation of collaborative activities with military criminal offenses and to formulate rules for solving individual qualification problems arising from the correlation of the specified acts. The research is based on the use of general scientific, special legal and interdisciplinary methods of cognition. The obtained results make it possible to assert that collaborative activity, unlike military criminal offenses, encroaches, first of all, on the foundations of Ukraine's national security and is sometimes committed together with treason. The generic object of military criminal offenses is social relations in the sphere of normal activity of the military organization of Ukraine, which, although it plays one of the key roles in maintaining the appropriate level of security, territorial integrity and inviolability of the state, is not identical to the generic object of Section I of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.

A Post-Keynesian Critique on Mainstream Financial Education

Financial education has attracted increased attention from governments, think tanks and international institutions in the past years. Nonetheless, the prevalent policies and practices in the field usually assume a very narrow analytical framework. This paper analyses financial education policy proposals from a post-Keynesian theoretical perspective. Most practices assume that financial education, by transferring knowledge and information to people, promotes financial capability, improving individual decisions. Our analysis shows, however, that a disregard for basic elements related to the functioning of the financial system, such as uncertainty and Minsky’s financial cycles, may compromise any financial decision. The conclusion is that financial education policies require the acknowledgement of the uncertain and imbalanced environment in which the financial decisions are made and cannot be restricted solely to the qualification of individuals.

Evidence-Based Practice Competency of Registered Nurses in the Greek National Health Service.

Nurses' competency toward evidence-based practice (EBP) has been extensively investigated by several studies worldwide. However, factors affecting the competence of Greek nurses working in the NHS have not been fully investigated in terms of EBP. Thus, this study aimed to explore the impact of the individual qualifications of nurses on their competence toward EBP. Data from 473 registered nurses working in 10 hospitals in the Greek National Health Service (NHS) were collected between October and December 2020 using a convenience sampling method in a cross-section design. The Greek version of the 35-item (five-point Likert scale) Evidence-Based Practice Competency Questionnaire for Professional Registered Nurses (EBP-COQ Prof) was used to assess the competence level of nurses, focusing on attitudes, skills, and knowledge, as well as the utilization of EBP in clinical practice. One-way ANOVA and Pearson coefficient tests were applied to compare the possible differences among variables (two or more groups) as appropriate. A multi-factorial regression model was applied to explore participants' qualifications, including demographics (MSc degree, gender, English language knowledge, etc.) as independent variables, and to control for potential confounding effects toward EBP competency. The p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The mean age of the 473 participants (402 women and 71 men) was 44.7 ± 9.2 years old. The mean value of competence subscales was found as follows: attitudes 3.9 ± 0.6, knowledge 3.7 ± 0.6, skills 3.1 ± 0.8, and utilization 3.4 ± 0.7. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that associates of "Master's degree" (t = 3.039, p = 0.003), "Writing an academic article" (3.409, p = 0.001), "Working in a University clinic" (2.203, p = 0.028), and "Computer Skills" (2.404, p = 0.017) positively affected "Attitudes", "Knowledge", "Skills", and "Utilization", respectively. The research data suggest that nurses working in the Greek NHS were limited in competence regarding EBP in comparison with other European countries. Therefore, vocational, educational, and training programs tailored to EBP enhancement are crucially important. This study was not registered.

Analysis of the features of olympic qualification systems in combat sports

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of current qualification systems in combat sports. It was established that the International Sports Federations (ISF) develops the Olympic qualification systems and specific criteria for athletes to obtain licenses. The structure and content of these systems may differ in each Olympic cycle. In 2021-2024 cycle, qualification at the Olympics in combat sports is possible in two ways: through the athlete's position in the official ISF ranking or by demonstrating a certain result at qualifying tournaments.&#x0D; In taekwondo, judo and fencing it is possible to obtain "direct" qualification for the Olympic Games through the official ISF ranking or demonstration of a certain result at the qualifying tournament ("tournament of last hope" for participants from NOCs who have not yet obtained an Olympic license). The possibility of qualifying in team depends on its high place in the official ISF team ranking. If a certain team could not qualify through to the world ranking, its members are able to do it only in individual events (by individual qualification).&#x0D; For boxing and wrestling, qualification to the Olympic Games is possible by certain result in special tournaments or "tournaments of last hope" (for participants from NOCs who have not yet obtained an Olympic license). The range of weight categories in which athletes may participate is almost equal for men and women.&#x0D; The differences in the Olympic qualification systems for the 2024 XXIII Games in Paris are its duration, the ownership of the obtained license (personal or for the NOC), the number of types of competitions, the presence of different rankings (world, continental, Olympic, individual, team).

Fine-grained view on bribery for group identification

Given a set of agents qualifying or disqualifying each other, group identification is the task of identifying a socially qualified subgroup of agents. Social qualification depends on the specific rule used to aggregate individual qualifications . The classical bribery problem in this context asks how many agents need to change their qualifications in order to change the outcome in a certain way. Complementing previous results showing polynomial-time solvability or NP-hardness of bribery for various social rules in the constructive (aiming at making specific agents socially qualified) or destructive (aiming at making specific agents socially disqualified) setting, we provide a comprehensive picture of the parameterized computational complexity landscape. Conceptually, we also consider a more fine-grained concept of bribery cost, where we ask how many single qualifications need to be changed, nonunit prices for different bribery actions, and a more general bribery goal that combines the constructive and destructive setting.

Investigation and Comparison of Iteration Curves of Optimization Algorithms

The iteration history curve of optimization algorithms is a saturation- type development curve or sigmoid shape curve. After an overview of several different sigmoid curves, the iteration history curve of the RVA (Random Virus Algorithm) is analysed in order to find its best settings for a given optimization problem. The analysis of the characteristics and numerical parameters of the iteration history curve provides the possibility to discover the speed and efficiency of the algorithm without the necessity to wait throughout the whole running until its final result, which can speed up numerical experiments during the search for the solution to the optimization problem and while ‘fine tuning’ the algorithm to the given task. Since sigmoid-type curves can be found in many different fields of life (the history of the sport world records, comparison of the achievements of several groups), the results of this analysis can be used in several different domains of life, when the ranking, comparison, evaluation or qualification of several individuals or groups is important.

Концептуальная модель управления процессом формирования человеческого капитала в организации

The problem of identifying the category of “human capital” for the purposes of management activity is becoming urgent in the context of the development of socio-economic relations and the revision of the role of man as a productive force. Studying various interpretations of the category of “human capital”, both at the macroeconomic level and micro-level, as well as the causes and processes of the evolution of the attitude towards man as a factor of production, allowed formulating and adapting, for the purposes of human capital management, a conceptual model of the formation of the category under study, including various aspects of human capital at the organizational level. The process of evolution is considered through a system of gradual institutional changes in social reproduction, as a progressive change in not only macro- but also microeconomic views reflecting the interrelation of approaches at the level of the state and the firm. At the same time, management approaches in the firm are more specifically aimed at integrating the production and creative potential of a human resource into the formation of a new value. The model is based on the value chain of human value formation, which takes into account two conditions that are significant for economic entities: self-forming skills and qualifications within the framework of the institutional model of society and the motivational component of monetization of this qualification in practice. The proposed model makes it possible to vary the personnel potential management system at the corporate level through mechanisms for improving individual qualification requirements, knowledge and skills, taking into account institutional constraints.