Individual Psychology Research Articles

Rediscovering and Preserving Individual Psychology: A Mission to Be Continued

Alfred Adler, the founder of Individual Psychology, created a holistic psychological system that has influenced the development of many other theories as well as counseling practice. This article presents a call to rediscover and preserve Individual Psychology by discussing its educational, social, and practical relevance in counseling and drawing attention to its current challenges. This article also provides implications for counseling and counselor training in light of rediscovering and preserving Individual Psychology.

Generalized Trust Rather than Perception of Relational Mobility Correlates with Nominating Close Friends in a Social Network1

AbstractA social environment, such as relational mobility, which represents the availability of opportunities to develop new relationships in society, cultivates an individual's psychology and social network. Generalized trust, which represents trust among people in general, is a tendency to expand individuals' social ties in a fluid society. Using the data of 170 students, we analyzed whether an individual's belief of generalized trust and perception of relational mobility are related to the social network. We conducted a survey to assess psychological measures and social networks under the COVID‐19 pandemic for first‐year university students. The analyses revealed that generalized trust was significantly associated with the presence of outdegrees (i.e., the nomination of close friends) and the absence of indegrees (i.e., being nominated by others). In contrast, perception of relational mobility was not significantly associated with generalized trust and any social network measures. Behavioral trust, measured using a Trust Game approximately 6 months later, was not significantly associated with network characteristics. The results support the argument that the belief of generalized trust functions as a psychological mechanism to expand individuals' relationships in their social networks.

Psychoanalysis in the Interregnum

ABSTRACT I argue here that to emerge from crisis and bring about institutional and individual transformation, psychoanalysis and psychology must acknowledge and integrate into its theory and practices the crucial role that unequal social systems play in subject formation. The cost of not doing so is to perpetuate the systemic ills that directly and indirectly are responsible for most of our social and individual suffering. With regard, in particular, to the racial reckoning that many of our white-dominated institutions and white practitioners have undertaken in the past few years, I argue that disavowal of the systemic has taken the form of impeding anti-Black antiracism work by substituting in its place “diversity” initiatives that deny power differentials and merely celebrate differences.

Loneliness and belonging in narrative environments

Loneliness and belonging are often framed as psychological states affecting individuals. Their family, friendship, psychological mindset, and acquaintance networks are seen as important factors shaping experiences of loneliness and belonging, but the role of place, culture, and institutional environments are often relegated to the periphery of attention. This article adopts the lens of narrative environment to highlight the importance of environments and cultures in storying experiences of loneliness and belonging, in this instance, among students enrolled at a UK university. Focusing especially on student accommodation and the university's links (or perceived lack thereof) with its locality and the university's infrastructure, we argue for the dialectic and reciprocal relationship between students and their environment in storying experiences of loneliness and belonging. Narrative environment, we argue, encapsulates the way in which some people negotiate a sense of belonging, moving the focus beyond individual psychology and immediate social networks, to the impact of institutional and environmental culture.

Managing healthcare employees' burnout through micro aspects of corporate social responsibility: A public health perspective.

Globally, an increasing number of healthcare workers (HCW) suffer from the issue of burnout (BO) annually. The critical issue of BO undermines the capacity of HCW to deliver superior healthcare services on the one end, it negatively affects the mental health of HCW on the other hand. Although HCW in developed and developing countries face the risk of BO, however, this issue is more critical in developing countries due to poor infrastructure, resources and social inequalities. The BO syndrome has recently been recognized as a public health concern, and new approaches are required to manage this epic, especially in healthcare management, effectively. In this respect, past research recognizes the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in influencing employee outcomes. Especially the micro aspects of CSR (MCSR) have recently received growing attention from academicians and practitioners. However, most existing MCSR investigations relate to the positive aspects of individual psychology, leaving the terrain unattended on how MCSR can help employees in reducing negative work outcomes for example, BO. To close this critical gap, the basic aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between MCSR and BO. Further, to understand the underlying mechanism of how and why MCSR may reduce employees' BO, this study introduces two mediators, work engagement (WE) and intrinsic motivation (IM) and one moderator, compassion at work (CW). The data for the current study were gathered randomly from HCW serving in different hospitals of a developing country. Specifically, we collected the data in three separate waves. A self-administered questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument by following a paper-pencil methodology. The response rate in this study remained close to 64%. Both male and female HCW participated in this study. We validated the hypothesized relationships with the help of structural equation modeling in AMOS software. The results confirmed that MCSR negatively predicts BO, and WE and IM mediated this relationship. Moreover, the moderating effect of CW was also confirmed. The findings of this study help healthcare administrators to mitigate the epic of BO among HCW by carefully planning and executing MCSR policies.

Analyzing Individual Psychology of Main Figures in the Pursuit of Happiness Film

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the individual psychology of the main character in the film The Pursuit of Happiness. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Based on an analysis of 30 data, 6 individual psychology of the main character were found. The types of individual psychology and percentages are as follows: inferiority complex (3 data) or 10%, superior (9 data) or 30%, lifestyle (10 data) or 33.3%, creative self (1 data) or 3.3%, pseudo-goals (3 data) or 10%, and social interest (4 data) or 13.3%.

Regional shape alteration of left thalamus associated with late chronotype in young adults

ABSTRACT Chronotype reflects individual differences in circadian rhythms and influences individual psychology and behavior. Previous studies found altered subcortical structures are closely related to individual chronotypes. However, these studies have been conducted mainly using voxel-based morphometry and traditional volume measurement methods with certain limitations. This study aimed to investigate subcortical aberrant volume and shape patterns in late chronotypes (LC) young adults compared to early chronotypes (EC) young adults. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning and chronotype assessment were performed once for all participants, including 49 LC young adults and 49 matched EC young adults. The morningness and eveningness preferences were assessed using the Chronotype Questionnaire. A vertex-wise shape analysis was conducted to analyze structural MRI data. There were no significant differences in brain tissue volume and subcortical structural volume between groups. LC young adults showed significant regional shape atrophy in the left ventral posterior thalamus compared to EC individuals. A significant correlation was found between the regional shape atrophy of left ventral posterior thalamus and the score of Chronotype Questionnaire in LC young adults. Regional shape alteration of left thalamus was closely related to the chronotype, and LC may be a potential risk factor for sleep-related behavioral and mental problems in young adults. However, the predominantly female sample and the failure to investigate the effect of chronotype on the subcortical structure-function network are limitations of this study. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate the temporal characteristics of thalamic shape changes and consequent behavioral and psychiatric problems in adults with LC.

An Ecological Perspective on Classroom‐Based Assessment

AbstractClassroom‐based assessment (CBA) takes place in learning environments influenced by myriad individual and contextual factors. Nevertheless, factors related to individual differences and learner psychology are seldom considered in creating instructional environments designed to facilitate learners' use of CBA. This article introduces the concept of language assessment ecology (LAE)—a dynamic classroom environment where learners' needs are addressed through deliberate and informed orchestration of a language learning environment so that learners can make effective use of assessment for their learning. Informed by Ecological Systems Theory, we postulate that LAE is a multi‐layered system, where learners' engagement with CBA is an outcome of alignment between learning contexts and learners' cognitive‐psychological needs. At the outset of this article, we provide a review of current CBA frameworks to underscore the merits of LAE. Contextual and learner variables that need to be considered in an LAE are then identified and discussed. From a complex dynamic systems perspective, the versatility and complexity of the interplay among these variables will be stressed. The article concludes with the implications of LAE for conducting CBA research.

М. Уокер. Ветвление — это не баг, а фича: тождество личности и юридическая (моральная) ответственность / пер.с англ. В. А. Пилипенко

Prospective developments in computer and nanotechnology suggest that there is some possibility – perhaps as early as this century — that we will have the technological means to attempt to duplicate people. For example, it has been speculated that the psychology of individuals might be emulated on a computer platform to create a personality duplicate — an ‘upload’. Physical duplicates might be created by advanced nanobots tasked with creating molecule-for-molecule copies of individuals. Such possibilities are discussed in the philosophical literature as (putative) cases of ‘fission’: one person ‘splitting’ into two. Many philosophers, perhaps most, reject the idea of fission, appealing to some form of a ‘no-branching’ condition to rule out such possibilities. I argue, to the contrary, that there are good moral reasons to think that any account of personal identity that does not permit fission is deeply problematic, especially in connection with theorizing about criminal punishment. I discuss and reject David Lewis’ famous account of personal identity that invokes ‘multiple occupancy’ to allow for branching. In contrast, I offer an account of personal identity that permits branching using the type/token distinction to help with such puzzling cases.

Promotive Effect of Online Game on Individual Psychology

Promotive Effect of Online Game on Individual Psychology

共情在个体心理及其信息行为的应用研究综述

共情在个体心理及其信息行为的应用研究综述

Evolutionary game dynamics of cooperation in prisoner's dilemma with time delay.

Cooperation is an indispensable behavior in biological systems. In the prisoner's dilemma, due to the individual's selfish psychology, the defector is in the dominant position finally, which results in a social dilemma. In this paper, we discuss the replicator dynamics of the prisoner's dilemma with penalty and mutation. We first discuss the equilibria and stability of the prisoner's dilemma with a penalty. Then, the critical delay of the bifurcation with the payoff delay as the bifurcation parameter is obtained. In addition, considering the case of player mutation based on penalty, we analyze the two-delay system containing payoff delay and mutation delay and find the critical delay of Hopf bifurcation. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that cooperative and defective strategies coexist when only a penalty is added. The larger the penalty is, the more players tend to cooperate, and the critical time delay of the time-delay system decreases with the increase in penalty. The addition of mutation has little effect on the strategy chosen by players. The two-time delay also causes oscillation.

Равнище на социалния интерес при учители, повишаващи професионалната си квалификация

The article is devoted to the key concept of the creator of individual psychology A. Adler about social interest as a potential and predictor of socially useful personality activity. In the specific study, the form of manifestation of social interest is referred to as “lifelong learning”, ensuring and maintaining high qualification of the teachers. Establishing the level of social interest of qualifying teachers mainly within the limits of high, advanced and medium levels confirms the thesis of the increased social responsibility of educators in realizing the tasks of education and upbringing.

"Strict Care" as the Basis of Educational and Psychocorrective Activities in Russian Penitentiary

The article presents the adaptation of the pedagogical and psychological-pedagogical approach based on the idea of "strict care". The authors prove the thesis about the need to actualize in the mental reality of individuals who have committed crimes a sense of belonging (community) and creative attitudes (first of all, towards healthy parenthood) as a basis for awakening conscience as opposed to malignant guilt and shame. This feeling, in turn, turns to a transcendent function that manifests itself during the spiritual development of the individual and the acquisition of meaning. The authors also present the idea of developing a program for the upbringing and personal development of women convicted for the first time for crimes of small and medium gravity. It is assumed that the implementation of the developed program will become the basis for a series of empirical studies. The scientific novelty of the research is in the synthesis of the domestic approach to education based on the experience of Anton Makarenko and the concept of individual psychology and pedagogy by Alfred Adler, as well as an existential approach equally applicable both in the field of pedagogy and psychology. This kind of synthesis allows us to reach a practice-oriented methodology and appropriate methods in educational and educational-psychological work on rehabilitation and personal development of women convicted of minor crimes and convicted for the first time. In case of practical success of the implementation of the relevant program, it can be extrapolated both to other categories of convicts, and, in the future, to the pedagogical and psychological-pedagogical co-education of persons suffering from PTSD.

Етнокултурни особености в развитието на социалния интерес при деца от ромски произход в предучилищна възраст

In preschool age, according to the classics of individual psychology A. Adler and R. Dreikurs, the lifestyle is formed and social interest develops. In its development, each child is placed at the center of a unique social circle of human relationships, namely child - family - teacher. The specific study focused on the manifestations of social interest in preschool children of different ethnic origins. The comparative analysis of the level of social interest in children of different ethnic origins shows statistical differences in its development. However, a very optimistic trend is emerging related to the results of pre-school education and training. The particular advantages, sustainability and effectiveness and the integrating nature of the paradigm of modern preschool education and upbringing in our country are revealed.

What contextual factors affect information poverty? Evidence from ethnic villages in rural Southwest China

To solve the problem of information poverty, it is necessary to understand the factors influencing it. Past studies have examined information poverty from the perspectives of economic poverty and deficiency or deprivation. However, these studies do not fully explain the formulation of information poverty because they may overemphasize the economic and material side of information and neglect the social and communicative aspects. A quantitative study was conducted to examine how contextual factors (i.e., external situations, social relations, individual situations, and social interactions) affected the information poverty of ethnic villages in rural Southwest China. Research results showed that geographic locations, information assets, individual literacy, and individual psychology significantly influenced information poverty. Social norms and beliefs also affected information poverty; however, this influence was insignificant. These findings extend existing studies on information poverty and provide practical guidance for stakeholders (e.g., governments, libraries, and intellectual works) to alleviate information poverty.

Improving the Quality Control and Exploration of Digital Documents Using Visualization and Serendipity

This article contributes to the quality control of digitization workflows, and to the exploitation of historical document collections, by demonstrating the utility of serendipitous exploration (as opposed to targeted searches) through the use of Document Towers, a visual representation of the physical structure of documents as architectural models. The Document Towers are evaluated via a qualitative case study on historical Swiss newspapers, a thought experiment comparing them to alternative solutions, a diagrammatic visual and numeric assessment of exploratory tasks, and several quantitative and empirical usability measurements and psychometric surveys. The experiments confirmed that both serendipitous exploration and the Document Towers visualization are objectively well-suited for the quality control and exploration of digital documents. A significant disparity in subjective usability was observed between librarians and academics, who rated the visualization concept below and above average, respectively. Other findings included the redefinition of quality control as a tool of knowledge and dialogue among stakeholders in information systems; a generic diagrammatic instrument for evaluating the outcomes of explorations; demonstrating how the adoption of novel information technology may benefit from adaptation to individual psychologies and socio-professional contexts; and, unexpectedly, novel historical insights into Swiss map-making, newspaper history, and censorship.

Prevalence of Suicide Ideation and its Gender Distribution Among Undergraduate of University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to find out the prevalence of suicide ideation among undergraduate students of the University of Cape Coast and the gender distribution of suicide ideation among them.
 Methodology: This study was a quantitative one and it used the quasi-experimental research design, specifically, the pre-test, post-test and control group design. A total of 30 undergraduate students from four colleges of the University of Cape Coast in the Central Region of Ghana was non-randomly assigned to two treatment groups, Individual Psychology and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (IP and CBT) and one control group. Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was used for the collection of data for the study. Descriptive Statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to analyse the data.
 Findings: Results showed that two out of every 15 UCC undergraduate students experience suicide ideation continuously and persistently. Again, the rate at which female students think suicidal, that is, have suicidal ideas, is higher than the male students. In other words, female undergraduate students of University of Cape Coast experience suicide ideation more than their male counterparts. It was concluded that suicide ideation is prevalent, 13.3%, among undergraduate students of UCC. 
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Based on the findings, it was recommended that constant screening of suicide ideation be made part of the University’s program and the Counselling Centre should be mandated to organise the screening exercise. This will help educate and create more awareness on suicide ideation and offer more people, per the screening, the opportunity to benefit from the therapies.

Individual Characteristics predisposing undergraduate students to Suicide Ideation in the University of Cape Coast, Ghana.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to find out the individual characteristics predisposing undergraduate students to suicide ideation in the University of Cape Coast.
 Methodology: A mixed methods approach was used in which a quasi-experimental research design, specifically, the pre-test, post-test and control group design was combined with a qualitative phase. A total of 30 undergraduate students from four colleges of the University of Cape Coast in the Central Region of Ghana were non- randomly assigned to two treatment groups Individual Psychology and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (IP and CBT) and one control group. Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was used for the collection of data for the study. To assess the individual characteristics that predispose undergraduate students of UCC, Chi square test for association was employed as an appropriate tool for the analysis.
 Findings: The study revealed that age, gender, program of study and level of study of the students have significant association with students who are predisposed to suicide ideation.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: It was recommended that constant screening of suicide ideation be done as part of the University’s program to be organised by the Counselling Center. This is to help educate and create more awareness on suicide ideation and bring in more people per the screening to benefit from counselling therapies which in turn will help reduce suicide ideation on our campus.

Individual Intangible Factor Aspect Co-Creation as Collaboration Research Product Activities HFNC 01 in Pandemic as A Case Study

<p>The studies that investigate the intangible factors that influence the success of co-creation, including the psychological aspects of the engaged actors' individual psychology, have not been well addressed. The intangible components, particularly the psychological aspects have gained little attention as many studies concentrate on tangible factors. The purpose of this study is to look into the psychological aspects of the actors as an intangible factor in the co-creation process between the Indonesian company PT X and the Indonesian Public Research Institute Y (PRI Y) through using Gerlink LIPI High Flow Nasal Cannula 01 (GLP HFNC 01) as a technological innovation. This study used a case study strategy and qualitative method to obtain in-depth data and to determine a more precise saturation point. The results show that personal proximity as a psychological aspect of interpersonal contact is the primary determinant of co-creation formation. Pleasant communication and personal engagement are crucial factors in establishing co-creation among industry, public R&D institutes, and consumers. The actors involved in the co-creation demonstrate that the individual's characters have a significant impact to foster the co-creation process such as open-mindedness, information-seeking, team leadership, interpersonal communication, and teamwork.</p><p> </p>Keywords: character, psychology, co-creation, commitment, communication, innovation, researcher, industry