Individual Orientation Research Articles

The Analysis of Influence Factors on Interest In Becoming A Technopreneur Based on Individual Entrepreneurship Orientation

Indonesia’s internet usage is rapidly increasing, especially during Covid-19. Today's most significant number of internet users are students. Students can use the internet for learning, social activities, and business. However, Indonesia still needs a lot of technopreneurs. This study aims to explore factors in internet skills, such as Contextual Efficacy, Internet Self Efficacy, and Computer Self Efficacy, which affect the interest of students in Indonesia to become a technopreneur. The study uses the Structural Equation Model and Partial Lease Square (SEM-PLS) to explore the influence factors of contextual efficacy, internet self-efficacy, and computer self-efficacy that might influence a student's interest in becoming a technopreneur. There were 506 respondents from 11 cities. This study found four relationships that have an influence, such as computer self-efficacy influencing individual entrepreneurship orientation factors. Computer self-efficacy influences the technopreneur intention factor. Contextual element factor influences the technopreneur intention factor, and internet self-efficacy influences the technopreneur intention factor. The study found that three relationships had no effect. The first contextual element factor does not affect Individual Entrepreneurship Orientation. Second, Individual Entrepreneurship Orientation does not affect the Technopreneurship Intention factor; third, Internet Self Efficacy does not affect Individual Entrepreneurship Orientation. The results of this study found that the internet ability factor has a direct influence on asking someone to become a technopreneur. The results of this study are very useful for industry, especially for the education sector, in making technopreneur learning methods. Other factors that were not discussed are being studied further.

Se-PSD: A sequence-based parking-slot detection approach for indoor parking

Accurate parking slot detection is crucial for autonomous vehicles to navigate automatic parking. In recent years, significant progress has been made in research in this field, with some methods achieving high accuracy and efficiency on specific datasets. However, existing methods still face some challenges in practical applications, such as: when the ground reflection covers the parking-slot marking lines, the recognition accuracy of existing methods will significantly decrease; The generalization performance of existing methods is not strong enough, and the recognition accuracy will decrease after changing the place or camera model. To address these limitations, this paper introduces Se-PSD, a novel parking slot detection method utilizing image sequences. Se-PSD analyzes a series of images to predict individual marking point locations, shapes, and orientations. Finally, through geometric rules, parking-slots can be found on the last image of the image sequence. Se-PSD prioritizes generalizability without sacrificing accuracy compared to existing methods. While real-time performance may be slightly impacted, the relaxed time constraints of automatic parking applications make Se-PSD a promising solution.

The Effect of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation on Entrepreneurial Intention Among University Students

This study aims to evaluate the impact of individual entrepreneurial orientation on the entrepreneurial intention of Algerian university students. Specifically, it focuses on three dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation: risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. To achieve the main purpose of the study and test its hypotheses, the researchers employed a descriptive-analytical method, and a survey was conducted using a questionnaire on a sample of 333 second-year master’s students at the Faculty of Economics, Commercial and Management Sciences in Jijel University. The questionnaire consists of 15 statements: 3 – regarding risk-taking, 3 – innovativeness, 3 –proactiveness, and 6 – individual entrepreneurial orientation. The opinions of the sample (students) were measured using a five-point Likert scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was applied to test the reliability of the study instrument. To test internal consistency, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to measure the correlation between each questionnaire item and the dimension to which it belongs. Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) and the Durbin-Watson test were also relied upon to ensure the independence of the independent variables and the absence of multiple linear correlation or autocorrelation between the residuals. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variables to test the study hypotheses accurately. The predictive capacity of the regression model is confirmed by the results of the ANOVA regression analysis. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS, version 28. The findings indicate that both risk-taking and proactiveness have a direct and positive influence on entrepreneurial intention. However, innovativeness does not demonstrate any statistically significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. In light of the obtained results, a set of recommendations meant to foster the individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention of university students was proposed.

The triadic influence of brand personality, culture and social media usage on consumer attachment to iconic brands

While iconic brands are influential in practice, marketing research on iconic brands has been scarce. To understand better how consumers favour certain iconic brands, this paper identifies three groups of factors influencing consumer’s iconic brand attachment. First, it is hypothesised that strong brand personality dimensions (composed of sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication and ruggedness) perceived by consumers explain why consumers are attracted to iconic brands. Secondly, the paper hypothesises that consumers with increased social media activity tend to hold decreased preferences for particular iconic brands because of their diversified interests in various brands. Thirdly, the paper hypothesises how cultural dimensions (individualism, power-distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation) influence consumers’ iconic brand preferences. Further, the paper theorises three interaction effects of these stated factors: (1) brand personality × masculinity; (2) social media activity × uncertainty avoidance; and (3) brand personality × age. Using the survey method, the paper provides empirical support for our hypotheses.

Membangun Budaya Kerja Yang Mendukung Kinerja Tinggi

This study aims to explain the role of organizational culture in enhancing employee performance in a company. A qualitative approach with a literature review is used as the research methodology, while data collection techniques are conducted through documentary studies. The collected data is then processed through the process of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research findings indicate that organizational culture is formed from the implementation of values, norms, and policies by organizational leaders, while employee performance is measured based on their work results in completing organizational tasks. The role of organizational culture in improving employee performance includes aspects of innovation, attention to detail, benefit orientation, individual orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness, and job stability. This is beneficial in shaping work habits that align with the standards set by the organization; therefore, leaders need to propose ideas or policies that can shape the desired work culture.

Addressing Child Maltreatment by Infusing Multicultural, Feminist Tenets to Standard Clinical Approaches: The Cases of “Bashiir” and “Jaquann”

Multicultural psychology emphasizes the role of social, cultural, and gender forces in creating an individual’s identity; the social and cultural world in which they live; and the psychological strengths that different cultures have to offer. In a complementary way, feminist psychology highlights the importance of collectivist alternatives to mainstream, individualistic thinking in the U.S.; and the identification and dismantling of patriarchal power structures that oppress women. Combining these two in a multicultural, feminist approach to psychotherapy highlights the importance of relating to clients with an understanding of, sensitivity to, respect for, and responsiveness to their cultural identities and life situations. This also involves the therapist building on strengths that come from some cultures bringing a collectivist rather than an individualist orientation to life’s challenges, such as combating child maltreatment. To illustrate the potential of a multicultural, feminist approach to psychotherapy in cases of child maltreatment among minority individuals, the present article offers two highly successful case studies. The first involves “Bashiir,” a 16-year-old African, first-generation immigrant young man from Somalia; and the second involves “Jaquaan,” a 15-year-old African American young man. Both clients were referred to therapy because of poor school attendance and academic difficulties, and associated symptoms consistent with a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. These symptoms derived from the clients having lived in poor, dangerous, high crime communities. A crucial component in both cases was the process by which the therapist employed the multicultural feminist approach to cross age, racial, gender, and socioeconomic-class lines to establish a very strong, trusting relationship between the therapist and the client; and between the therapist and the clients’ families.

The effect of external flow on 3D orientation of a microscopic sessile suspension feeder, Vorticella convallaria.

Vorticella convallaria are microscopic sessile suspension feeders that live attached to substrates in aquatic environments. They feed using a self-generated current and help maintain the health of aquatic ecosystems and wastewater treatment facilities by consuming bacteria and detritus. Their environmental impact is mediated by their feeding rate. In ambient flow, feeding rates are highly dependent on an individual's orientation relative to the substrate and the flow. Here, we investigate how this orientation is impacted by flow speed. Furthermore, we examined whether individuals actively avoid orientations unfavorable for feeding. We exposed individuals to unidirectional laminar flow at shear rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 s-1, and recorded their 3D orientation using a custom biplanar microscope. We determined that V. convallaria orientation became progressively tilted downstream as the shear rate increased, but individuals were still able to actively reorient. Additionally, at higher shear rates, individuals spent a larger fraction of their time in orientations with reduced feeding rates. Our shear rates correspond to freestream flows on the scale of mm s-1 to cm s-1 in natural environments.

Everything is in hand: when and why electronic performance monitoring leads to supervisor undermining

PurposeThis research aims to address the knowledge gap regarding the influence of electronic performance monitoring (EPM) on supervisors' behavior. Building upon the sociomaterial perspective and the general model of disinhibition, the study explores the internal mechanisms and boundary conditions between supervisor EPM use and supervisor undermining.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was administered via the Sojump platform, inviting supervisors from diverse industries in China to participate in a three-wave study, each wave being approximately two weeks apart. The study gathered multi-wave data from 225 supervisors to assess the conceptual model.FindingsThe results showed that supervisor EPM use was positively related to sense of power, which in turn positively related to supervisor undermining. Furthermore, supervisors' individual identity orientation moderates the relationship between supervisor EPM use and sense of power, as well as the indirect relationship between supervisor EPM use and supervisor undermining through sense of power.Practical implicationsThis study advocates for responsible EPM use to mitigate supervisor undermining (e.g. making subordinates feel incompetent) and minimize negative leadership behaviors.Originality/valueThe presented results signify a substantial progression in comprehending the interplay between supervisor EPM use and individual identity orientation, and their combined impact on the sense of power and subsequent supervisor undermining.

Influence of reconstruction uncertainty in fiber orientation distribution on the effective elastic constants of composites reinforced with discontinuous fibers: a Monte Carlo simulation study

The orientation distribution of fibers in discontinuous fiber composite materials is influenced by various factors associated with the manufacturing process. Predicting fiber orientation distribution can be achieved through software simulation of the process or experimental methods, such as X-ray computed tomography. As uncertainties related to the reconstruction of fiber orientation distribution may be unavoidable in practical cases, this paper investigates the impact of some of these uncertainties on the effective elastic constants of composites through Monte Carlo simulations. The primary objective of this study is to address how the ratio of fiber detection and the measurement error of individual fiber orientation influence the orientation tensors and effective elastic constants. To predict the elastic properties of composites under various scenarios of fiber orientation distributions, a micromechanical model incorporating an orientation averaging procedure has been used. Three cases of different fiber orientation distributions have been analyzed. The conducted Monte Carlo simulations enabled the presentation of a quantitative description of the uncertainty associated with the reconstruction of the orientation distribution of fibers, including the effective elastic constants. The resulting distributions of orientation tensors and elastic constants have been analyzed and discussed.

The Influence of Management Support and Self-Efficacy on Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation to Enhance Job Performance among Employees in Klang Valley Takaful Insurance Sector

The Influence of Management Support and Self-Efficacy on Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation to Enhance Job Performance among Employees in Klang Valley Takaful Insurance Sector

Attitude towards entrepreneurship, individual entrepreneurship orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy among start-ups in China: Basis for entrepreneurial competency framework

Attitude towards entrepreneurship, individual entrepreneurship orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy among start-ups in China: Basis for entrepreneurial competency framework

Does feedback type matter? The superiority of process feedback over performance feedback in interdependent teamwork

BackgroundFeedback plays an important role for individuals and teams. While there is a lot of research on performance feedback, positive effects of process feedback (divided into individual- and team-level) are little studied. In particular, the simultaneous consideration of individual variables and feedback characteristics and their influence on feedback perceptions in the feedback process is missing. AimsThe present study analyzes the effects of three feedback conditions (i.e., performance feedback, team-level process feedback, and individual-level process feedback) on feedback perceptions (i.e., usefulness and fairness), as well as on feedback acceptance and team awareness. Sample142 randomly assigned two-person teams. MethodsEach team worked on four computer-based team tasks in the C³Fire microworld and received one type of feedback after completing each 15-min scenario. Measurements were taken after the second (T1) and fourth (T2) scenarios. ResultsStructural equation modeling results revealed positive effects of feedback orientation at T0 on feedback usefulness and feedback fairness at T1, and of usefulness and fairness on feedback acceptance at T2. Feedback usefulness (but not fairness) was also a positive predictor of team awareness at T2. Team-level process feedback resulted in overall positive effects on usefulness and fairness. In general, the effects on perceived usefulness appeared to be stronger than on perceived fairness of the feedback. ConclusionsTeam-level process feedback in teamwork and individual feedback orientation are important for perceived usefulness and fairness of the feedback. Team awareness may be enhanced by increasing feedback usefulness; feedback acceptance may be enhanced by increasing feedback usefulness and fairness.

GROWING AN INFORMAL DIGITAL MICRO-ENTERPRISE: THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND SOCIAL CAPITAL

This research examines the effects of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) on informal sector digital micro-enterprise growth in developing countries and the moderating role of networking social capital. The majority of EO research on company growth has focused on registered traditional SMEs and larger enterprises in higher-income markets. A total of 248 informal online micro-enterprises from Senegal were studied. The findings show that IEO has distinct effects on informal digital microbusiness development. Individual risk-taking boosts digital micro-enterprise growth, whereas inventive behaviour hinders it. Proactiveness does not seem to increase growth. Different social capital’s moderating effects on IEO dimensions and online micro-enterprise growth are also found. This study is one of the first to examine individual entrepreneurial behaviour that may lead to the growth of informal digital micro-businesses and the differentiated role of SC. It has also expanded business contextualisation to better comprehend IEO in informal online micro-enterprises outside developed countries.

Towards an understanding of multi-generational higher education cohorts in gamified entrepreneurship education

The increasing inclusion of gamified courses in entrepreneurship programmes in higher education have left gaps in understanding the critical essentials of the multi-generational student cohort undertaking these programmes. In this paper, we interrogate the educational experiences of multi-generational higher education students in a core gamified entrepreneurship course in an undergraduate business school programme. The research analyzed 392 course feedback responses from three generations (X, Y and Z) of a multi-generational cohort. The study developed and validated a behaviour-results model for gamified entrepreneurship courses leading to student entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial orientation, and disaggregated student engagement into it's multiple dimensions of cognitive, behavioural and emotional. The model also validated six dimensions of individual entrepreneurship orientation. Using the model, the study found differences in the component variables based on student Generations X, Y, and Z. Also, student cognitive and behavioural engagement led to entrepreneurial intention which also influenced student entrepreneurial orientation. There were marked differences in student grit, cognitive engagement, and emotional engagement between Generations X and Z. Furthermore, generational differences existed amongst Generation Z and Y, and also for Generation Z and X in student entrepreneurial intention. The study also confirmed the difference in entrepreneurial orientation between Generations X and Z. Additionally, the study found that there is a need to contextualize student engagement facilitators such as results demonstrability of the business simulation platform, student grit and user characteristics as they have selective effects on student cognition, behavioural and emotional engagements in a multi-generational student cohort of Generation X, Y and Z.

Role of individual entrepreneurial orientation and innovation in SME performance: Gender perspectives

Individual entrepreneurial orientation and innovation are essentials for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to drive their performance, including surviving or even growing during economic crises. The entrepreneur’s gender might have an impact on those relationships. Hence, this study aims to analyze whether there were some differences in the five dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation and differences in the influence of individual entrepreneurial orientation and innovation on performance between male and female entrepreneurs. The study was performed through an online survey of 352 SME owners in Indonesia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group analysis were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that all dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation are valid for developing this construct, but only the risk-taking dimension distinguishes male and female entrepreneurs the most. Male entrepreneurs are more willing to take risks than female. Furthermore, individual entrepreneurial orientation affects performance mediated by innovation, and this effect is not different between male and female entrepreneurs. These findings enrich the literature on the impact of gender on entrepreneurial orientation and the influence of innovation on SME performance. In Indonesia, individual entrepreneurial orientation affects performance assisted by innovation; however, this influence is not different for SMEs managed by male and female entrepreneurs. AcknowledgmentWe acknowledge and thank all of the respondents and parties who supported this research. This study was funded by the Directorate of Research and Community Engagement, Universitas Indonesia, contract number NKB-1782/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2020.

Entrepreneurial and Intrapreneurial Intentions: The Role of Access to Resources and Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation

Entrepreneurial and Intrapreneurial Intentions: The Role of Access to Resources and Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation

Intelligent adaptive lighting algorithm: Integrating reinforcement learning and fuzzy logic for personalized interior lighting

The lighting requirements are subjective and one light setting cannot work for all. However, there is little work on developing smart lighting algorithms that can adapt to user preferences. To address this gap, this paper uses fuzzy logic and reinforcement learning to develop an adaptive lighting algorithm. In particular, we develop a baseline fuzzy inference system (FIS) using the domain knowledge, generating light recommendation based on a set of intuitive rules. These rules, derived from existing literature, are based on environmental conditions i.e. daily glare index, and user information including age, activity, and chronotype. Through a feedback mechanism, the user interacts with the algorithm, correcting the algorithm output to their preferences. We interpret these corrections as rewards to a Q-learning algorithm, which tunes the FIS parameters online to match the user preferences. The Q-learning is a model-free learning algorithm that learns to act optimally by interacting with the user and the rewards it receives. This allows the proposed algorithm to work in a model-free manner, effectively handling the uncertainties that might arise from the individualistic preferences of users. To the authors’ best knowledge, this algorithm is pioneering work in designing intelligent algorithms for personalized lighting control, featuring several elements of novelty, including the number of environmental and user-related inputs, the continuous control of light intensity as opposed to common on/off control, and the ability to learn user preferences. The algorithm is implemented in a real aircraft cabin and is evaluated in an extensive user study. The implementation results demonstrate that the developed algorithm possesses the capability to learn user preferences while successfully adapting to a wide range of environmental conditions and user characteristics. This underscores its viability as a potent solution for intelligent light management, featuring advanced learning capabilities.

How do humble leaders unleash followers' leadership potential? The roles of workplace status and individualistic orientation

SummaryWhile leader‐expressed humility has received an upsurge in attention in recent years, a fundamental issue that remains unaddressed is whether leader‐expressed humility, as a bottom–up leadership approach, could indeed elevate followers' workplace status and eventually unleash their leadership potential; if so, how and when? Drawing on expectation states theory (EST) and using two multi‐wave datasets, including one from 216 one‐to‐one matched supervisor–subordinate dyads in China (Study 1) and the other from 210 subordinates in Western countries (Study 2), we provide evidence that leader humility is effective in elevating followers' workplace status, particularly when followers' individualistic orientation is high. This elevated perception of workplace status also increases followers' leadership potential, demonstrated by their motivation to lead and taking charge behaviors. These findings offer novel theoretical and practical insights into the implications of leader humility for followers' leadership potential.

3D magnetotelluric inversion with arbitrary data orientation angles

The survey setup of 3D magnetotelluric inversion is typically chosen to best reflect the underlying geological structure. Typically, the individual observation azimuths are distinct from this preferred survey layout orientation; in fact, measured electric and magnetic fields are aligned with local geomagnetic North. When that happens, either data preprocessing (rotation) is required before the inversion may be performed, or the orientation of the modeling grid is aligned with the data orientations. None of these approaches is optimal, possibly resulting in a reduction of data quality, the loss of statistical accuracy of the error estimates, or in unnecessary grid cells, resulting in increased computation times. In situations when the data quality may be improved by allowing distinct individual site orientations, such as when cultural noise or faulty instrumentation cause a degradation of one of the modes, data loss due to rotation is especially detrimental. In this paper, we present a modified 3D magnetotelluric inversion algorithm, based on the ModEM software, that allows for direct interpretation of observations with arbitrary data orientation angles (ModEM ADORA). In ModEM ADORA, the modeling responses are rotated to the observation orientation angles after each forward calculation and before the data misfit is evaluated. This allows for direct interpretation of observation data with distinct orientations at each site and (as needed for some historical data) at each frequency. The derivative of the penalty functional is computed by pre-multiplying the derivatives of the data functionals (or the complete Jacobian matrix) by the relevant sparse block-diagonal rotation operators. We describe the principle and implementation of ModEM ADORA, and provide a collection of synthetic and real data tests for validation and an analysis of effectiveness of the ADORA option of ModEM. We show that by decoupling modeling grid and sensor orientations, ModEM ADORA supports both computational efficiency and ease of use, as well as allows for the maximum quality and quantity of inverted data.

Action-oriented entrepreneurial training and career resilience: a serial mediation model

PurposeThe combination of action and process has remained the attention of the psychology of entrepreneurship research. Moreover, special attention has also been paid to the whens and hows of entrepreneurial psychological training. Keeping this in view the current study has tested the impact of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) training on small business entrepreneurial career resilience. Using action regulation theory (ART), a serial mediation model of IEO behaviour and entrepreneurial career adaptability is hypothesised.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a longitudinal randomised controlled field experiment in which the data were collected at four points. A total of 546 small business owners from Lahore, Pakistan, participated in this research (training group = 265, control group = 281). The data were analysed using ANCOVAs and PROCESS Model 6.FindingsThe research has found that IEO training impacts the entrepreneurial career resilience of small business owners through the development of IEO behaviour and career adaptability.Originality/valueThis experimental inquiry is a novel attempt to extend the career-related outcomes of IEO training (career resilience) based on ART through the mediating role of IEO behaviour and career adaptability. In addition, it has tested the IEO training in the developing country of Pakistan, which is a relevant context for enhancing its socio-economic growth.