Identification Of Individuals Research Articles

Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dinamiklerinin Açığa Çıkarılması: İran Sineması Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Analiz

The main purpose of this research is to examine the portrayal of gender in Iranian cinema and the subsequent effects on today ‘society, gender dynamics, and individual identity as a result of those impacts. The historical foundation of Iranian cinema, the key films in the industry, and the impact that political and cultural forces have played are all extensively discussed throughout study. Moreover, the paper delves into the portrayal of men and women in Iranian cinema, as well as the impact of the media on the formation of cultural standards and gender identities. It also analyzes the loosening of traditional gender standards, while calling attention to the predominance of destructive female characters in contemporary Iranian cinema and emphasizing the significance of sensitive male characters in that cinema. Furthermore, the study looks at how family connections are shown in Iranian films across time, as well as the delicate interplay of distinct sex, gender, and cultural features.
 As a result, women in Iranian cinema take on more prominent roles, but gender equality remains a challenge, and women continue to create meaningful films that resonate with audiences. The representation of masculinity in Iranian cinema is complex and varied, reflecting changing social and cultural norms in Iranian society. It is portrayed as heroic and honorable in some films, but violent and aggressive in others. This sparks a discussion about cinema’s role in shaping social norms and values, as well as the need for more diverse and nuanced portrayals of masculinity.

Takotsubo syndrome: left atrial and ventricular myocardial strain impairment in the subacute and convalescent phases assessed by CMR.

We investigated the differences in impairment of left ventricle (LV) and left atrium (LA) contractile dysfunction between subacute and convalescent takotsubo syndrome (TTS), using myocardial strain analysis by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature-tracking technique. We retrospectively selected 50 patients with TTS clinical-radiological diagnosis who underwent CMR within 30days since symptoms onset: 19 studied during the early subacute phase (sTTS, ≤ 7days) and 31 during the convalescence (cTTS, 8-30days). We measured the following: LV global longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain (lvGLS, lvGCS, lvGRS) and strain rate (SR) and LA reservoir (laS_r), conduit (laS_cd), and booster pump strain (laS_bp) and strain rate (laSR_r, laSR_cd, laSR_bp). Patients were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched controls. All patients were women (mean age 63years). TTS patients showed altered LV- and LA-strain features, compared to controls. sTTS was associated with increased laS_bp (12.7% versus 9.8%) and reduced lvEF (47.4% versus 54.8%), lvGLS (-12.2% versus 14.6%), and laS_cd (7.0% versus 9.5%) compared to cTTS (p ≤ 0.029). The interval between symptoms onset and CMR was correlated with laS_bp (r = -0.49) and lvGLS (r = 0.47) (p = 0.001 for both). At receiver operating characteristics analysis, laS_bp was the best discriminator between sTTS and cTTS (area under the curve [AUC] 0.815), followed by lvGLS (AUC 0.670). LA dysfunction persists during the subacute and convalescence of TTS. laS_bp increases in subacute phase with progressive decrease during convalescence, representing a compensatory mechanism of LV dysfunction and thus a useful index of functional recovery. Atrial strain has the potential to enhance the delineation of cardiac injury and functional impairment in TTS patients, assisting in the identification of individuals at higher risk and facilitating the implementation of more targeted and personalized medical therapies. • In TTS, after ventricular recovery, atrial dysfunction persists assessable with CMR feature tracking. • Quantitative assessment of atrial strain discriminates atrial functions: reservoir, conduit, and booster pump. • Atrial booster pump changes after acute TTS, regardless of ventricular function. • Atrial strain may serve as a temporal marker in TTS.

State, Communal, and Individual Identities in Iran

State, Communal, and Individual Identities in Iran

Identical sequences, different behaviors: Protein diversity captured at the single-molecule level

The classical “one sequence, one structure, one function” paradigm has shaped much of our intuition of how proteins work inside the cell. Partially due to the insight provided by bulk biochemical assays, individual biomolecules are often assumed to behave as identical entities, and their characterization relies on ensemble averages that flatten any conformational diversity into a unique phenotype. While the emergence of single-molecule techniques opened the gates to interrogating individual molecules, technical shortcomings typically limit the duration of these measurements, which precludes a complete characterization of an individual protein and, hence, capturing the heterogeneity among molecular populations. Here, we introduce an ultrastable magnetic tweezers design, which enables us to measure the folding dynamics of a single protein during several uninterrupted days with high temporal and spatial resolution. Thanks to this instrumental development, we fully characterize the nanomechanics of two proteins with a very distinct force response, the talin R3IVVI domain and protein L. Days-long recordings on the same protein individual accumulate thousands of folding transitions with submicrosecond resolution, allowing us to reconstruct their free energy landscapes and describe how they evolve with force. By mapping the nanomechanical identity of many different protein individuals, we directly capture their molecular diversity as a quantifiable dispersion on their force response and folding kinetics. By significantly expanding the measurable timescales, our instrumental development offers a tool for profiling individual molecules, opening the gates to directly characterizing biomolecular heterogeneity.

Integrating artificial intelligence and adult dental age estimation in forensic identification: A literature review

Age estimation is crucial in various forensic fields, including forensic medicine, anthropology, and demographic studies. Adult dental age estimation is affected by multiple factors, resulting in discrepancies between dental age and chronological age. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has led to extensive investigations in forensic sciences, encompassing several areas such as facial recognition, age, sex identification, and DNA analysis. Adult age estimation methods commonly used include the pulp-tooth ratio approach, the Harris & Nortje method, and the Van Heerden method. AI approaches such as Fuzzy Logic (FL), Evolutionary Computing (EC), and Machine Learning (ML) are being extensively applied. These techniques use algorithms to imitate human thinking and behavior. Deep learning techniques, explicitly using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN), enable age estimation by segmenting images and making measurements, replicating the cognitive processes of radiologists when computing indices such as the third molar maturity (I3M) index. Also, DCNNs automatically optimize teeth segmentation in dental X-ray images, improving image refining and analysis efficiency. AI integration in forensic dentistry improves the precision and effectiveness of dental data processing while significantly accelerating individual identification procedures. Incorporating this technology shows potential for enhancing the caliber and dependability of evidence in forensic investigations.

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Yale Swallow Protocol in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Blinded Videofluoroscopic Investigation.

The study aimed to assess the accuracy of the Yale Swallow Protocol (YSP) in screening aspiration in adults with acute moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) by comparing the YSP with a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS). Level 1 academic trauma center. The study involved a cohort of 50 consecutive adults with a history of acute moderate-to-severe TBI. The prospective cohort study was conducted between July 2020 and June 2021. Participants underwent the YSP to assess aspiration risk, followed by a VFSS within 5 to 10 minutes after the YSP, to assess the accuracy of the YSP compared with the VFSS. The accuracy of the YSP in identifying aspiration in adults with acute moderate-to-severe TBI. The interrater agreement for identifying aspiration on the VFSS and the YSP was excellent, as well as 100% agreement between the speech-language pathologists and the radiologist and between the 2 speech-language pathologists, respectively. Of the 50 participants, 16 passed the YSP, while 34 failed. Among those who failed, 30 were confirmed to have aspirated on the VFSS (true-positives) and 4 did not show aspiration on the VFSS (false-positives). The YSP demonstrated a high sensitivity of 96.8%, a specificity of 78.9%, a positive predictive value of 88.2%, and a negative predictive value of 93.8% in identification of aspiration in this cohort. To date, no dedicated prospective studies have been conducted to assess the utility of the YSP as a screening tool for identifying aspiration risk in persons with moderate-to-severe TBI. The results of this study conclude that the YSP is an effective screening tool for prediction of aspiration in acute care patients with moderate-to-severe TBI due to its high sensitivity and negative predictive value. These factors aid in identification of individuals at risk for aspiration and facilitate timely interventions to prevent complications.

A deep feature fusion network with global context and cross-dimensional dependencies for classification of mild cognitive impairment from brain MRI

Background and objectives:The accurate identification of people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) who may develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) holds significant importance in facilitating timely intervention and treatment. However, current classification methods have yet to be effective due to the subtle nature of the features involved. This research aims to improve the performance of the MCI classification by enhancing the feature representation in brain MRI. MethodsWe propose an integrated model that combines Group Shuffle Depth-wise Convolution (GSDW), Global Context Network (GCN), Hybrid Multi-Focus Attention Block (HMAB), and EfficientNet-B0 architecture for MCI classification. This model extracts fine-grained features, contextual information, and long-range dependencies and aggregates low-level details with high-level context information to learn discriminative features. ResultsOur comprehensive evaluation demonstrates significant improvements in the classification performance for both progressive MCI (pMCI) and stable MCI (sMCI), surpassing existing approaches. The proposed model achieved a notable accuracy of 77.2%. ConclusionsThis study introduces a novel feature fusion technique that combines global contextual representations and cross-dimensional dependencies to enhance classification results. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed framework for early identification and intervention in individuals at risk of cognitive decline.

Machine learning prediction of future amyloid beta positivity in amyloid-negative individuals.

The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves -amyloid (A ) accumulation. Early identification of individuals with abnormal -amyloid levels is crucial, but A quantification with positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is invasive and expensive. We propose a machine learning framework using standard non-invasive (MRI, demographics, APOE, neuropsychology) measures to predict future A -positivity in A -negative individuals. We separately study A -positivity defined by PET and CSF. Cross-validated AUC for 4-year A conversion prediction was 0.78 for the CSF-based and 0.68 for the PET-based A definitions. Although not trained for the clinical status-change prediction, the CSF-based model excelled in predicting future mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia conversion in cognitively normal/MCI individuals (AUCs, respectively, 0.76 and 0.89 with a separate dataset). Standard measures have potential in detecting future A -positivity and assessing conversion risk, even in cognitively normal individuals. The CSF-based definition led to better predictions than the PET-based definition.

Granular biopolitics: Facial recognition, pandemics and the securitization of circulation

The COVID-19 pandemic has provided opportunities for facial recognition technology and other forms of biometric monitoring to expand into new markets. One anticipated result is the wholesale reconfiguration of shared and public space enabled by the automated identification and tracking of individuals in real time. Drawing on data from several industry trade shows, this article considers the forms of ‘environmental’ governance envisioned by those developing and deploying the technology for the purposes of security, risk management, and profit. We argue that the ‘contactless culture’ that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic anticipates the normalization of a form of mass-customized biopolitics: the ability to operate on the population and the individual simultaneously through automated forms of passive identification. This form of governance relies not just on machinic recognition, but on the real-time reconfiguration of physical space through automated access controls and the channelling of both people and information.

Development and external validation of a quantitative diagnostic model for malignant gastric lesions in clinical opportunistic screening: A multicenter real-world study.

Clinical opportunistic screening is a cost-effective cancer screening modality. This study aimed to establish an easy-to-use diagnostic model serving as a risk stratification tool for identification of individuals with malignant gastric lesions for opportunistic screening. We developed a questionnaire-based diagnostic model using a joint dataset including two clinical cohorts from northern and southern China. The cohorts consisted of 17,360 outpatients who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination in endoscopic clinics. The final model was derived based on unconditional logistic regression, and predictors were selected according to the Akaike information criterion. External validation was carried out with 32,614 participants from a community-based randomized controlled trial. This questionnaire-based diagnostic model for malignant gastric lesions had eight predictors, including advanced age, male gender, family history of gastric cancer, low body mass index, unexplained weight loss, consumption of leftover food, consumption of preserved food, and epigastric pain. This model showed high discriminative power in the development set with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.791 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.750-0.831). External validation of the model in the general population generated an AUC of 0.696 (95% CI: 0.570-0.822). This model showed an ideal ability for enriching prevalent malignant gastric lesions when applied to various scenarios. This easy-to-use questionnaire-based model for diagnosis of prevalent malignant gastric lesions may serve as an effective prescreening tool in clinical opportunistic screening for gastric cancer.

Establishment and Application of a 42-plex Microhaplotype Assay in Forensic Genetics.

To establish and forensically verify a 42 microhaplotypes (mircohaps, MHs) multiplex assay system based on next-generation sequencing (NGS), and to explore the application value of this system in the practice of forensic genetics. A total of 42 highly polymorphic MHs were selected from previous studies, and sequenced by the MiSeq FGxTM platform to verify the repeata-bility, sensitivity, specificity, stability, and mixture analysis ability of the detection system. Through population genetic investigation of 102 unrelated Chinese Han individuals in Liyang City, Jiangsu Province, China, the application value of this system in forensic genetics was evaluated. The sequencing repeatability of the 42-plex MHs assay was 100% and the sensitivity was as low as 0.062 5 ng. The system had the ability to withstand the interference of indigo (≤2 500 ng/μL), humic acid (≤9 ng/μL), hemoglobin(≤20 μmol), and urea (≤200 ng/μL) and to detect mixtures of 2 people (1∶19), 3 people (1∶1∶9) and 4 people (1∶1∶1∶9). Based on 102 individual data, the combined power of discrimination and the combined power of exclusion were 1-3.45×10-30 and 1-3.77×10-11, respectively, and the average effect value of alleles was 2.899. The 42-plex MHs assay was successfully established in this study and this system has high repeatability and sensitivity, good anti-jamming ability and mixture analysis ability. The 42 MHs are highly polymorphism and have good application value in individual identification and paternity testing.

Visualization Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Literature in Forensic Research.

To analyze the literature on artificial intelligence in forensic research from 2012 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection Database, to explore research hotspots and developmental trends. A total of 736 articles on artificial intelligence in forensic medicine in the Web of Science Core Collection Database from 2012 to 2022 were visualized and analyzed through the literature measuring tool CiteSpace. The authors, institution, country (region), title, journal, keywords, cited references and other information of relevant literatures were analyzed. A total of 736 articles published in 220 journals by 355 authors from 289 institutions in 69 countries (regions) were identified, with the number of articles published showing an increasing trend year by year. Among them, the United States had the highest number of publications and China ranked the second. Academy of Forensic Science had the highest number of publications among the institutions. Forensic Science International, Journal of Forensic Sciences, International Journal of Legal Medicine ranked high in publication and citation frequency. Through the analysis of keywords, it was found that the research hotspots of artificial intelligence in the forensic field mainly focused on the use of artificial intelligence technology for sex and age estimation, cause of death analysis, postmortem interval estimation, individual identification and so on. It is necessary to pay attention to international and institutional cooperation and to strengthen the cross-disciplinary research. Exploring the combination of advanced artificial intelligence technologies with forensic research will be a hotspot and direction for future research.

The Role of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value in Determining the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in NSTEMI Patients.

Even though medication and interventional therapy have improved the death rate for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients, these patients still have a substantial residual risk of cardiovascular events. Early identification of high-risk individuals is critical for improving prognosis, especially in this patient group. The focus of recent research has switched to finding new related indicators that can help distinguish high-risk patients. For this purpose, we examined the relationship between the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) defined by the SYNTAX score (SxS) in NSTEMI patients. Based on the SxS, CAD patients were split into three groups. To evaluate the risk variables of CAD, multivariate logistic analysis was employed. The PIV (odds ratio: 1.003; 95% CI: 1.001-1.005; p = 0.005) was found to be an independent predictor of a high SxS in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Additionally, there was a positive association between the PIV and SxS (r: 0.68; p < 0.001). The PIV predicted the severe coronary lesion in the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis with a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 81.1%, using an appropriate cutoff value of 568.2. In patients with non-STEMI, the PIV, a cheap and easily measured laboratory variable, was substantially correlated with a high SxS and the severity of CAD.

Enhanced "Electronic Tongue" for Dental Bacterial Discrimination and Elimination Based on a DNA-Encoded Nanozyme Sensor Array.

Bacterial infections are the second leading cause of death around the world, especially those caused by delayed treatment and misdiagnosis. Therefore, rapid discrimination and effective elimination of multiple bacteria are of great importance for improving the survival rate in clinic. Herein, a novel colorimetric sensor array for bacterial discrimination and elimination is constructed using programmable DNA-encoded iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as sensing elements. Utilizing differential interactions of bacteria on DNA-encoded IONPs, 11 kinds of dental bacteria and 6 kinds of proteins have been successfully identified by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Moreover, the developed sensing system also performs well in the quantitative determination of individual bacteria and identification of bacterial mixtures. More importantly, the practicability of this sensing strategy is further verified by precise differentiation of blind and artificial saliva samples. Furthermore, the sensor array is used for efficiently killing multiple bacteria, demonstrating great potential in clinical prophylaxis and therapy.

Fighting passport fraudulence using DNA analyses

ABSTRACT Passports are the number one form of individual identification when crossing borders resulting in counterfeit or modified passports being used to allow illegal travel. Here we report on the use of Diamond Dye to detect cells deposited by touch onto parts of the photograph page of a passport. The passport page was divided into a grid of 11 rectangles of approximately equal dimensions. Thumbprints were deposited at 10 of the 11 squares, with the 11th left blank as a negative control. The location and number of deposited cells were determined and recorded. Cellular material was removed from each square separately, using a moistened swab or a tapelift. Tapelifting was better suited for the substrate resulting in an increase in DNA recovered. The highest total quantity of DNA isolated from the 10 samples post extraction was 0.162 ng. Short tandem repeat data were obtained from all 10 samples using the GlobalFilerTM PCR Amplification Kit. The DNA profiles were single source or two-person mixtures and the donor was always the major contributor. These data show the potential to visualize cellular material deposited by touch and then generate STR data from an item such as a passport after only brief physical contact.

Research Progress on Biological Evidence Identification in Fire Scenes.

Biological evidence is relatively common evidence in criminal cases, and it has strong probative power because it carries DNA information for individual identification. At the scene of fire-related cases, the complex thermal environment, the escape of trapped people, the firefighting and rescue operations, and the deliberate destruction of criminal suspects will all affect the biological evidence in the fire scene. Scholars at home and abroad have explored and studied the effectiveness of biological evidence identification in fire scenes, and found that the blood stains, semen stains, bones, etc. are the main biological evidence which can be easily recovered with DNA in fire scenes. In order to analyze the research status and development trend of biological evidence in fire scenes, this paper systematically sorts out the relevant research, mainly including the soot removal technology, appearance method of typical biological evidence, and possibility of identifying other biological evidence. This paper also prospects the next step of research direction, in order to provide reference for the identification of biological evidence and improve the value of biological evidence in fire scenes.

Challenges Faced by First-Year Students Based on Individual Identities

This study examines the challenges faced by first-year students at the College of Basic Education, University of Duhok. The research focuses on the impact of individual identities on academic and social integration. A quantitative descriptive methodology was used, employing structured questionnaires. The study reveals a range of obstacles that extend beyond initial expectations and are consistent across gender and departmental lines. The analysis shows that there is a crucial requirement for a support framework that is universally accessible and inclusive, designed to aid students in their transition to higher education. The findings of the study recommend the creation of comprehensive feedback mechanisms and interdepartmental cooperation in the development of support programs. The research emphasizes the significance of acknowledging and addressing the distinct obstacles encountered by students with intersecting marginalized identities. Suggestions for future research involve a more thorough examination of the long-term impacts of these obstacles and the investigation of focused interventions to improve student achievement and well-being. This study adds to the discussion on improving student support services and creating an inclusive academic environment that promotes the growth and development of all students, especially those who are navigating their first year in higher education.

The Effect of Age, Hypertension, and Overweight on Arterial Stiffness Assessed Using Carotid Wall Echo-Tracking in Childhood and Adolescence.

Arterial stiffness represents an independent predictor of the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. Early identification of high-risk individuals is necessary for effective prevention and targeted interventions. Carotid wall echo-tracking is a modern method for an accurate evaluation of the structural and functional properties of carotid arteries. This study aimed to assess age and sex-specific reference values of the echo-tracking parameters of carotid stiffness in 400 healthy children and adolescents and to evaluate the potential early effect of elevated blood pressure and overweight in 69 overweight normotensives, 45 white coat hypertensives, and 44 essential hypertensives. Stiffness index β, pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep), arterial compliance (AC), and pulse wave velocity β (PWV β) were evaluated using Aloka ProSound F75. Both white coat and essential hypertension were associated with impaired carotid wall properties with the greatest effect on Ep, followed by PWV β, index β, and AC. The excess weight showed a weaker effect on Ep and PWV β. This is the first study to compare the effects of white coat and essential hypertension on carotid arterial stiffness assessed using the echo-tracking technique in childhood and adolescence with direct application of pediatric reference values specific to age and sex.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and the risk of mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The systematic review aimed to assess the risks of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from inception to June 2022 for observational studies examining the relationship between MASLD and the risk of mortality among T2DM patients. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models with hazard ratios (HRs) to quantify the risk of mortality. A total of 5877 articles were screened, and ultimately, 12 eligible studies encompassing 368 528 T2DM patients, with a median follow-up of 8.9 years (interquartile range, 4.7-14.5), were included. Our analysis revealed a significant association between MASLD and an increased risk of all-cause mortality in T2DM patients [HR 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.58; I 2 = 90%]. Meta-regression analyses did not show significant effects of mean age, mean BMI, and percentage of smokers, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia on the association between MASLD and the risk of all-cause mortality. However, we found that MASLD was not significantly associated with mortality related to cardiovascular diseases (HR 1.05; 95% CI, 0.82-1.35; I2 = 0%) or cancer (HR 1.21; 95% CI, 0.41-3.51; I 2 = 79%) among patients with T2DM. No publication bias was observed. This comprehensive meta-analysis provides substantial evidence supporting a significant association between MASLD and an increased risk of all-cause mortality among the T2DM population. These findings underscore the potential benefits of screening for MASLD in T2DM patients, aiding in the early identification of high-risk individuals and enabling risk modification strategies to improve survival.

Physiotherapeutic differential diagnosis of back pain associated with endometriosis

Endometriosis (EM) is one of the most common gynecologic conditions in our society. The diagnosis takes an average of 7to 10years. To shorten this period, this syndrome needs more attention. The aim of this article is to show overlaps between EM and low back pain (LBP) and to describe their relevance for physiotherapeutic screening. What clinical signs do the syndromes EM and LBP have in common and to what extent can physiotherapeutic screening take gynecological aspects into account and be adapted accordingly? To answer this question, the two syndromes were screened for overlaps. These overlaps were then related to the existing literature and case studies. The current research situation shows overlaps of the two syndromes with regard to the etiology, the pain mechanism as well as apsychosocial aspect. The literature shows that more women than men are affected by LBP and other chronic pain syndromes. EM occurs almost exclusively in women and, like LBP, is considered achronic pain syndrome. Thus, acommon pain mechanism of the two syndromes is discussed in the literature. The most frequent overlap of the two syndromes is shown by the occurrence of LBP as afrequent symptom of EM. This connection can be justified by structural causes as well as by areflex pain presentation. In aphysiotherapeutic setting, evidence of EM can be observed in the history and physical examination. Considering these factors may help shorten the diagnosis time of endometriosis by referring for further evaluation if gynecologic involvement is suspected in LBP. Acomprehensive history is important and should cover urologic, gynecologic, as well as sexual history. In this article, the term woman is used to refer to the biological female sex and is not related to individual gender identity. The clinical picture mainly affects women, which is why in the following work, as far as it concerns the people suffering from the disease, it is not used in the opposite sense.